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Grammar Book Spanish 3H Anita Sherry

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Page 1: Grammar book

Grammar BookSpanish 3H

Anita Sherry

Page 2: Grammar book

Table of Contents1. Preterite2. Trigger Words3. Irregulars: car, gar, zar4. Spock5. snake and snakey6. cucaracha7. Imperfect8. Imperfect irregulars9. trigger words10. Verbs like gustar11. Ser vs. Estar12. Comparatives and superlatives13. transition/connector words14. Comparing preterite vs. imperfect15. Future16. irregulars17. trigger words18. Por and Para

Page 3: Grammar book

Preterite Preterite verbs are used to show actions of the past.* Present tense must change (e i ) in 3rd person. *

1. Preterite will most often demonstrate an independent even that has already occurredExample: Yo fuí al mercado. ( I went to the market portrays a single event.)

2. This verb will show a chain of events occurring a specific number of times with specific time references.

Example: Ayer, llovió mucho.

Preterite Endings{ Er/Ir}(yo) ía(tu) ías(el) ía

(nosotros) íamos(ellos) ían

Page 4: Grammar book

Trigger Words

•Un día me enojé con mi hermano.

•One day I got mad at my brother.

Un día

•Una vez comí cinco salchichas en un día.

•One time I ate five sausages in one day.

Una vez•Ayer

llegue en México al mediodía.

•Yesterday he arrived in mexico at 12 o’clock.

Ayer

•Hace un año que comí pescado.

•It has been one year since I ate fish.

Hace un año

•Ya fuí de compras hoy.

•I already went shopping today.

Ya

Page 5: Grammar book

Irregulars

-car

c

qu

-gar

g

gu

-zar

z

cCAR: yo busqué (buscar)

GAR: yo jugué (jugar) ZAR: yo almorcé (almorzar)

Page 6: Grammar book

SPOCK VERBS

HACER

IR

SER D

AR V

ER

HACER(yo) hice

(tu) hiciste(el) hizo

(nosotros) hicimos

(ellos) hicieron

Ir/Ser(yo) fuí

(tu) fuiste(el) fue

(nosotros) fuimos

(ellos) fueron

Dar/Ver(yo) (d/v) + i

(tu) (d/v) + iste(el) (d/v) + ío

(nosotros) (d/v) + ímos

(ellos) (d/v) + ieron

Page 7: Grammar book

>Irregular preterite changing in the third person.

Two Typese i : pedir, servir, venir

Ou: dormir, morir

Snake>Irregular preterite changing in the third person.

Two TypesO y: oir

E y: leer, creer

Snakey

Page 8: Grammar book

Cucaracha verbs

-e•Andar

aduv•Estar

estuv•Poder

pud

-iste

•Poner pus

•Querer quis

•Saber sup

-o-

imos

•Tener- tuv

•Venir- vin

•Conducir- conduj

Producir- produjTraducir- tradujDecir- dijTraer- traj

-isteis-ieron

Page 9: Grammar book

ImperfectDescribes a “snap-shot” of the past.

1. Imperfect verbs describe ongoing events that may be interrupted.Example: Anoche estabas roncando. (Last night you were snoring, this happened continuously.)

2. The imperfect describes the less recent past. Example: Cuando era niño me gustaba ir al parque. (When I was a child, I liked to go to the park, describes a long time ago.

AR(yo) aba(tu) abas(el) aba

(nosotros) abamos(ellos) aban

Page 10: Grammar book

Los Irregulares

IR(yo) iba(tu) ibas(el) iba

(nosotros) ibamos(ellos) iban

SER(yo) era(tu) eras(el) era

(nosotros) eramos(ellos) eran

VER(yo) veía(tu) veías(el) veía

(nosotros) veíamos(ellos) veían

Page 11: Grammar book

Trigger Words

•Siempre iba al parque.

•I always went to the park.

Siempre•A

veces veía televisión.

•I sometimes watched television.

A veces

•Ibamos a menudo a nadar.

•We often went swimming.

A menudo

•Mientras dormía mi mama me cantaba.

•While I slept my mom sung to me.

Mientras

•De vez un cuando me portaba mal.

•I behaved badly every once in a while

De vez en cuando

•Frecuentemente iba al mercado

•I went to the market frequently.

Frecuentemente

•Cada día iba al escuela.

•Every day I went to school.

Cada día•Me

portaba mal muchas veces.

•I behaved badly many times.

Muchas veces

•Todos los días leí un libro.

•I read a book every day.

Todos los días

Page 12: Grammar book

Verbs like Gustar

Gustar is most often used in the conditional form to soften requests…

WouldShouldCould

What would be considered the subject in English turns into the indirect object (me, te, le, nos, os, les) in Spanish.

Aburrir, encantar, faltar, fascinar, importar, interesar, molestar, quedar, caer bien/mal, doler, disgustar, hacer falta, preocupar, sorprender, apeteces

“I like chocolate”^^^^^

“Me gusta chocolate”

Page 13: Grammar book

EstarTo be

*Hhelping

Eemotions L

location

PPresent

condition

IN

G

Page 14: Grammar book

SerTo be

*Ddescription O

origin

Ccharacterisitics

TtimeO

occupation

Rrelationship

Ppossession

Eevents

Ddates

Page 15: Grammar book

Comparatives

The comparison of one person or thing to another

(more, less, or as….as ).

ExamplesEste carro es tan caro como el

otro.Esta flor es mas bonita que la

otra.

Superlatives

Indicates that one person or thing is the most, best, least,

or worst of all.

ExamplesEste vestido es lo mas bonito.El es el mas guapo del mundo.

Ella es la menos inteligente.

Bueno MejorMalo PeorViejo MayorJoven MenorMas de…Menos que..Tan…como…

Page 16: Grammar book

Connector Words•Me

gusta mas beisból que fútbol aunque es mas peligroso.

•I like baseball more than soccer even though it is more dangerous.

Aunque•Jen

nifer Lopez es bonita, también es amable.

•Jennifer Lopez is pretty and also nice.

También

•Julia es gorda mientras su hermano es flaco.

•Julia is chubby while her brother is skinny.

Mientras

•Está muy flaca a pesar de que come mucho.

•She is skinny even though she eats a lot.

A pesar de

•El es muy fuerte pero no corre muy rapido.

•He is strong but he does not run very fast.

Pero

•Ella practica much por lo tanto juega bien.

•She practices a lot therefore she plays well.

Por lo tanto

•Juan es mas feo que Luis sin embargo es mas inteligente.

•Juan is uglier than Luis nevertheless he is smarter.

Sin embargo

Page 17: Grammar book

Preterite vs. Imperfect

Preterite

An interrupted

action

Used for most recent past

Snap shot of the past

Imperfect

A continuing action

Used for the more distant past

Like a movie clip

Page 18: Grammar book

To get the future tense:1. Get the infinitive2. Add the correct ending

Endings for future tense:(yo) -é(tu)-ás(el) –á

(nosotros) emos(ellos) -án

*Every ending except for nostros will have an accent

ExamplesIré al tiende por mi mamá.Tendrá una bolsa nueva mañana.Estudremos por los exmanenes.Future

Page 19: Grammar book

TRIGGERS!

El Proximo

•Día, semana, hora, año, mes

Mañan

a

•Tomorrow

En

•1,2,or 3… días, horas, semanas, años, meses…

Page 20: Grammar book

Cabercabr Decirdir

haberhabr Hacerhacr

Hayhabrá Poderpodr

Ponerpondr Quererquerr

Sabersabr Tenertendr

Valervaldr Venirvendr

IrregularsIrre

gula

rs

Page 21: Grammar book

“Por”

What?Useful and common preposition in Spanish that could be translated for “for” but not always.

Its counterpart, para, is used the same way but they are NOT interchangeable.

Why?Passing throughLocationHow longCauseExchange

PortalPortugalPoreverPorpuse

Import/Export

How?Fuí al mercado por la mañana.(Time)Este regalo fue por ella. (Exchange)

El autobus pasa por la plaza. (Location)Esto lo hice por ti. (Doing something for someone)

Page 22: Grammar book

“Para”

What?“Para” is a useful preposition in spanish that is rough translated as “for”.

Confused very often with other preposition “por” but they are not interchangeable.

Why?For who something is doneDestinationPurposeDeadlinesOpinions

Surprise PARAtayPARAguayPARAsitePARAmedicsPARAdon me

How? Fuí al mercada para comprar leche.

Necesitamos los documentos

para el viernes.