BY CRISTIAN BRICKA

GRAMMAR BOOK

Page 1 ---------- SER

Page 2 ---------- ESTAR

Page 3 ---------- GUSTAR

Page 4 ---------- TRANSITION WORDS

Page 5 ---------- IMPERFECT/IRREGULARS

Page 6 ---------- ACABAR

Page 7 ---------- HACER FORMULAS

Page 8 ---------- VERBS LIKE GUSTAR

Page 9 ---------- REFLEXIVE VERBS

Page 10 --------- TU COMMANDS

Page 11 --------- D.O.P. + PLACEMENT

Table of Contents

SERSER MEANS “TO BE”. Ser is used when describing a permanent feature about

something (not a condition, emotion, look, etc…)

YO=====SOYTU=====ERES

EL/ELLA/USTED===== ESNOSOTROS/AS===== SOMOS

VOSOTROS/AS===== SOISELLOS/.ELLAS/USTEDES===== SON

ESTAR IS A VERB THAT ALSO TRANSLATES TO “TO BE”, HOWEVER, ESTAR IS USED TO DESCRIBE TEMPORARY / VARYING CONDITIONS OF SOMEONE OR SOMETHING.

CONJUGATED FORMS: YOESTOYTUESTASEL/ELLA/UD.ESTANOSOTROSESTAMOSVOSOTROSESTAISELLOS/ELLAS/UDS.ESTAN

ESTAR

Gustar Translates To “To Like”. To Begin A Sentence With Gustar, Start With A Pronoun, Such As Te (Which In This Case Translates To “You”), Then Put The Properly Conjugated Form Of Gustar. Unlike Other Verbs, Gustar Does Not Conjugate Based On The “Yo” Or “Tu” Or El” Form. If A Singular Noun Is Being “Gustared”, Then “Gusta” Is Used. If A Plural Noun Is Being “Gustared”, Then “Gustan” Is Used.

Conjugated forms of Gustar: Yo Me gusta(an) Tu Te gusta(an) El/ella/ud. Le gusta(an) Nosotros Vosotros Ellos/Ellas/Uds.

GUSTAR

TRANSITION WORDS connect two sentences or two parts of a sentence together.

TRANSITIONS

Tambien• ALSO

Y• AND

NI• AND

O• OR

PERO• BUT

ESQUIERDA• SO

IMPERFECT TENSE VERBS name ongoing actions of the past. In other words, they refer to a past

action that occurred over a period of time (movie).

IMPERFECT/IRREGULARS

AR’S

(HABLAR)

ER’S

(COMER)

IR’S

ESCRIBIRESCRIBÌA

COMÌA

HABLABA HABLABAS

COMÌAS

ESCRIBÌAS

HABLABA

COMÌA

ESCRIBÌA ESCRIBÌAMOS

COMÌAMOS

HABLAMOS HABLABAN

COMÌAN

ESCRIBÌN

ACABAR IS THE INFINITIVE FORM OF THE VERB THAT MEANS “TO HAVE JUST DONE (SOMETHING).

When using ACABAR put the conjugated version of the verb at the beginning of the sentence, followed by DE, then followed by the infinitive form of a verb. Acabo de ir al baÑo. (I just went to the bathroom)

ACABAR + DE + INFINITIVE

ACABO

ACABAS

ACABA ACABAN

ACABAÌS

ACABAMOS

HACE + TIME + CONJUGATED VERB Used to talk about how much time spent doing something. Hace trenta y cinco menos que grito a mi amigo.

HAY + QUE + INFINITIVE Used to talk about what needs to be done (in the FUTURE) It is impersonal: not directed toward anyone in particular Hay que estudiar

SE PROHIBE + INFINITIVE Used to tell what is prohibited. SE PERMITE+ INFINITIVE

tells what is allowed. Se prohibe fumar - Se permite comer.

IR + A + INFINITIVE Tells what someone is going to do. Present tense since and for Pritierate ago

Roberto VA a comer.

HACER FORMULAS

THESE VERBS ACT THE SAME WAY GUSTAR VERBS DO.

DOLER means “to hurt somewhere”.Me DUELE Nos DUELE Other verbs like GUSTARTe DUELE Os DUELE FALTAR – to failLe DUELE Les DUELE FASCINAR – to fascinateIMPORTAR – to importINTERESAR – to interest- Tengo dolor de…

- Tienes dolor de… SENTIRSE means “to feel (somehow)”- Tenemos dolor de… Me SIENTO Nos SENTIMOSTe SIENTES Os SENTiS

Se SIENTE Se/Ud. SIENTEN

VERBS LIKE GUSTAR

REFLEXIVE verbs reflect action back to the subject of the sentence.

- Reflexive verbs occur when the “DOER” (or subject) in a sentence is

THE SAME as the “RECEIVER” of the sentence.

REFLEXIVE VERBS

AFFIRMATIVEPUT THE VERB INTO THE INFINITIVE FORM, THEN ADD “LO” TO THE END OF IT.

COMERLO = EAT IT!

START WITH NO, THEN “LO”, AND THEN THE PROPER FORM OF THE DESIRED VERB.

- AR = ES- ER/IR = AS

- NO LO COMEAS!

TÚ COMMANDS

NEGATIVE

IRREGULAR TU COMMANDS

DI

HAS

VE SE

SAL

PON TEN

VEN

NO DIGAS

NO HAGAS

NO VEAS

NO SEGAS

NO SALGAS

NO PONGAS

NO TENGAS

NO VENGAS

DOP’s ARE Direct Object Pronouns THAT TAKE THE PLACE OF A NOUN.

CAN ATTACH IN 3 WAYSINFINITIVE

COMERLOAFFIRMATIVE

COMELOPRESENT PROGRESSIVE

COMIENDOLO.

D.O.P. + PLACEMENT

ME

TE

LO/LA LOS/LAS

OS

NOS