gradual vs. immediate emancipation garrison and the liberator southern reactions abolitionism...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• Gradual vs. immediate emancipation• Garrison and The Liberator• Southern reactions
Abolitionism (continued)
William Lloyd Garrison
![Page 2: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Frederick Douglass
• Born as a slave in 1817• Taught to read and
write by the wife of his owner
• Escaped from slavery • A leading abolitionist
speaker• Founded his own anti-
slavery newspaper, The North Star
![Page 3: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Radical abolitionist
• Led bloody anti-slave raids in Kansas
• Sought to arm slaves to start a rebellion against white masters
• Failed plot to seize arsenal at Harpers Ferry
• Put on trial for treason; eventually found guilty and hanged
• Became a potent symbol for both Northerners and Southerners
John Brown
![Page 4: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Grew out of the abolitionist movement
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Sojourner Truth
Early Women’s Rights
Movement
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Sojourner Truth
![Page 5: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Brainchild of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
• Closely modeled on the Declaration of Independence
• Called for equality for women• Resolution calling for women’s
right to vote passes narrowly during convention
Seneca Falls Declaration of
Sentiments
![Page 6: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Transcendentalism
• What was Transcendentalism? • Emerson • Thoreau
Ralph Waldo EmersonHenry David Thoreau
![Page 7: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Belief that the United States was destined to expand and control the North American continent
• Often used to justifyterritorial expansion
• Impact on the westwardmovement
• Conflicts
Manifest Destiny
![Page 8: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• “America for Americans only”
• American RepublicanParty
• “Know-Nothing” Party• Irish immigration, 1845–
1854• Decline of the Know-
Nothings
Nativism
Membership certificate for a Philadelphia nativist organization
![Page 9: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Slavery splits Whig Party• Abolitionist Whigs drawn to
Liberty Party, later to Free Soil Party
• Republican Party founded in 1854 in Wisconsin; opposes Kansas-Nebraska Act and expansion of slavery in territories
• Fremont loses in 1856, but Republicans prove a viable party
Rise of the Republican Party John C. Fremont
![Page 10: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Idea that residents of a new territory should have the right to choose whether slavery would be legal or illegal there
• Douglas and the Kansas-Nebraska Act• “Bleeding Kansas”
Popular Sovereignty
Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas
Cartoon caption: “Liberty, the fair maid of Kansas in the hands of the “border ruffians”
![Page 11: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Abraham Lincoln challenges Stephen A. Douglas for Illinois Senate seat• “Freeport Doctrine”: comes up in the second debate• Douglas alienates Southern Democrats but wins the Senate seat• 1860 presidential election
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates and the
“Freeport Doctrine”
![Page 12: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Secession • Idea that individual states retained the right to withdraw from the Union
• South Carolina nullification crisis, 1832
• Lincoln’s election/Southern states secede
• The Civil War
![Page 13: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Habeas corpus: a person cannot be held in jail indefinitely without formal charges being filed against them
• “Copperheads”/“Peace Democrats” • Ex parte Merriman• Long-term effects of suspending habeas corpus
Suspension of Habeas Corpus during the Civil
War
Chief Justice Roger Taney
![Page 14: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• First military draft in U.S. history (1863)
• Exceptions: substitutes, slave owners
• New York City draft riots
• Other drafts in American history
Conscription and the
Draft Controversy
![Page 15: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Both enacted in 1862 during the Civil War
• Both encouraged western expansion and settlement
• Pacific Railway Acts• Homestead Act
Transcontinental Railroad •
Homestead Act
![Page 16: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln initially didn’t
intend to abolish slavery• He came to see political
and military advantages in emancipating slaves
• Proclamation issued after Battle of Antietam
• It only freed slaves in the rebel states
![Page 17: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• 13th (1865): Ended slavery
• Black codes/Civil Rights Act of 1866
• 14th (1868): Defined citizenship; “equal protection of the laws”
Post-Civil War
Amendments
Poster celebrating the 13th Amendment
![Page 18: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• 15th Amendment (1870): Gave blacks the right to vote
Post-Civil War
Amendments (continued)
![Page 19: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Lincoln’s “Ten Percent Plan”
• Radical Republicans • Wade-Davis Bill
Reconstruction
“Radicals” Charles Sumner, Thaddeus Stevens, and Benjamin Wade
![Page 20: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Johnson’s plan• Reconstruction
Act of 1867 • impeachment
Reconstruction (continued)
Thaddeus Stevens closing the debate on Johnson’s impeachment
![Page 21: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Originally organized as a social club for Confederate veterans • Top goal became assuring white supremacy• Violent tactics• Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 • decline of the KKK• Revivals in the 1920s, 1950s and 1960s
The Ku Klux KlanFormer Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest, the first Grand Wizard of the KKK
![Page 22: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Many freedmen couldn’t afford their own land
• Sharecropping: landholders divided their property into plots and provided farmers on each plot with seed and farm implements to work the land
• The sharecropper used a portion of his crop to pay the landholder
• Landholders often abused the system
Sharecropping
![Page 23: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Named after a popular minstrel show song
• Laws that limited black voting• Laws that instituted racial
segregation
Jim Crow Laws
![Page 24: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Involved a Louisiana African American man arrested for refusing to leave a “whites only” train car
• Supreme Court rules against Plessy
• “Separate but equal”
Plessy v. Ferguson
![Page 25: Gradual vs. immediate emancipation Garrison and The Liberator Southern reactions Abolitionism (continued) William Lloyd Garrison](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f1f5503460f94c36a83/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Booker T. Washington
and W.E.B. Du Bois
• Differing ideas on how blacks could best achieve full equality and on African American education
• Washington: felt that blacks should achieve economic success before trying to gain political equality
• Du Bois: blacks should strive to achieve immediate equality with whites in all aspects of American life