basic educationDepartment:Basic EducationREPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

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PHYSICAL SCIENGES: CHEMISTRY (P2) t l

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' . NOVEMBER 2016 rltt ll

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GRADE 11

MARKS: 150

TIME: 3 hours

This question paper consists of 12 pages, 4 data sheetsand 1 answer sheet.

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Physical Sciences/P2 2CAPS - Grade 'l'1

DBE/November 2016

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Write your name and class (for example '1 '1A) in the appropriate spaces onthe ANSWER BOOK

2. This question paper consists of 10 questions. Answer ALL the questions inthe ANSWER BOOK except QUESTIONS 4.1 .2, 4.1 .3 and 4.1 .6, which haveto be answered on the attached ANSWER SHEET. The ANSWER SHEEThas to be handed in together with the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK.

4. Number the answers correcily according to the numbering system used in thisquestion paper.

5. Leave ONE line between two subquestions, for example betweenQUESTION 2.1 and QUESTION 2.2.

6. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

7. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments.

8. You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS

9. Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations.

10. Round off your final numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places.

11. Give brief motivations, discussions et cetera where required.

12. Write neatly and legibly.

I

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Physical Sciences/P2NSC - Grade 11

DBE/November 2016

QUEST]ON 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Four options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.Each question has only ONE correct answer. Choose the answer and write onlythe letter (A-D) next to the question number (1.1-1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK,for example 1.11 E.

1.1 The type of bond formed between a H* ion and H2O is called a/an ...

A hydrogen bond.

B dative covalent bond.

G ionic bond.

D covalent bond.

1.2 The shape of the molecule in which the central atom is surrounded by twolone pairs and two bonding pairs is ...

A l inear.

B trigonal planar.

C tetrahedral.

D bent. e\

1 .3 The intermolecular forces in dry ice (COz) are ...

A ion-induced dipole forces.

B hydrogen bonding.

C ion-dipole forces.

D London forces. (2)

1.4 The bond energy of a C-Ct bond is 338 kJ.mol-1 whereas the bond energy ofa C-I bond is 238 kJ.mol-1. The difference in bond energy exists because ...

A the bond length of the C-Ct bond is greater than that of the C-I bond.

B chlorine is more electroneqative than iodine.

C the bond length of the C-I bond is greater than that of the C-Ct bond.

D the chlorine atom is nigger than the iodine atom. (2)

(2)

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1.5

Physical ScienceYP2 4

NSC - Grade 11DBE/November 2016

A gas of volume V is at a temperature Tr and pressure Pr in a gas syringe.lf the pressure on the gas is doubled and the temperature halved, then thevolume that the gas will occupy is . ..

A%V

B%V

CV

D2V

Which ONE of the graphs below CORRECTLY represents the deviation ofa real gas from ideal gas behaviour at very high pressures? The dotted line

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(z',)

1.6

(2)

represents the graph of the real gas.

1p

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1.7

Phvsical Sciences/P2 5NSC-Grade 11

DBE/November 2016

The flowers of hydrangeas are natural indicators of soil pH. A natural indicatoris made in a laboratory by using hydrangea flowers. NaOH and HC{ areadded to the indicator and the colour change is recorded in the table below.

lf orange juice is added to the indicator above, ihe observed colour may be ...

A brown.

B pink.

C purple.

D blue.

Cellular respiration occurs inside the cells of all living organisms.Oxygen reacts with glucose in cellular respiration to produce the followingcompounds according to the balanced equation below.

CeHrzOo(aq) + 0Oz (g) -- 6COz(g) + 6HzO(t) AH = -2 830 kJ

The potential energy versus progress of reaction diagram for this reaction;^I 5 . . .

AB

Progress of reaction Progress of reaction

cEp

Progress of reactionProgress of reaction

(2)

1.8

EpEp

DEp

INDICATOR NATURAL COLOUR NaOH HC€

Hydranqea flowers Blue Purple Pink

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(2)

1.9

Physical Sciences/P2 o

NSC - Grade 11DBE/November 2016

1.10

The oxidation number of phosphorus in HaPO+ is . ..

A+3

B-2

C+2

D+5e)

During the processing of gold ore, zinc is added to the gold cyanide solutionto produce gold according to the balanced equation below:

Zn(s) + 2NaAu(CN)z(aq)--+ 2Au(s)+ Zn(CN)z(aq) + 2NaCN(aq)

The reducing agent in this reaction is ...

A Na*

B Au*

CZn

D CN- (2)t20l

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Phvsical Sciences/P2 7NSC - Grade 11

QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page.)

Electronegativity of atoms may be used to explain the polarity of bonds.

DBE/November 2016

What does X and Y reoresent?

Define the concept represented by X.

Explain the relationship between bond order, bond length and bondenergy.

z - l

z - z

2.3

2.4

Define the le(m electronegativity.

Draw the Lewis diagram of an oxygen difluoride molecule.

Calculate the electronegativity difference between O and F in oxygendifluoride and predict the polarity of the bond.

A polar bond does not always lead to a polar molecule.

Explain the statement by refening to OFz and COz molecules. In yourexplanation, include the polarity of the bonds and the shape of the molecules.

The diagram below shows the energy change that takes place when twoatoms move towards each other.

Distance between nuclei in om

(2)

(2)

(2)

(4)

z .a

Ep

2.5.1

2.5.2

2.5.3

(2)

(2)

(3)

t17I

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Phvsical Sciences/P2 I

NSC-Grade1 lDBE/November 2016

QUESTION 3 (Start on a new Page.)

Learners conduct an experiment to investigate the effects of intermolecular forces on

boiling points. They use 20 mt of each of the following compounds in their

invesiigation: water, iunflower oil, nail polish remover, glycerine and methylated spirits'

The results are shown in the table below:

3.1

5 . 2

3.3

3.4

NAME OFCOMPOUND

BOILINGPOINT {'C)

water 93

sunflower oil ZJU

nail polish remover 56

glycerine 290

methylated spirits 62

Define the term boiling point. (2)

Formulate an investigative question for this experiment. e)

ln which compound in the table above will the strongest intermolecular forces

occur? Give a reason for the answer . (2)

The learners now use 40 mt of each of the compounds above in the

experiment. Will it affect the boiling points? Choose YES or NO' Give a

reason for the answer. (2)

Methylated spirits is highly flammable. State TWO safety precautions that

shoufd be taken when uiing methylated spirits in the laboratory. (2)

Which compound in the table above will have the highest rate of evaporation?

Give a reason for the answer. e)

sunflower oil is a non-polar compound with induced dipole forces between the

molecules, while water is a polar molecule with hydrogen bonds between

its molecules. Explain why the boiling point of sunflower oil is higher than the

boiling point of water. e)114l

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J . 5

3.6

3.7

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Physical Sciences/P2 9

NSC - Grade 11

DBE/November 2016

QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.)

4.1 Charles' Law describes the relationship between the volume and temperatureof an enclosed mass of gas at constant pressure. The volumes of a gas atdifferent temperatures at constant re are

VOLUME(cm3)

TEMPERATUREfc)

114 0124 25134 50145 75155 100

in the table below.

4.1.1 Explain Charles' Law in terms of the kinetic molecular theoryof gases. (2)

4.1 .2 Draw a graph of volume versus temperature at constant pressure onthe attached graph paper. (4)

4.1.3 Extrapolate the graph (extend the graph) and state at whattemperature the graph intersects the x-axis. (1)

4.1.4 What is significant about this temperature? (2)

4.1 .5 Calculate the volume that this gas will occupy at 120 "C at constantpressure. (3)

4.1 .6 The experiment is now conducted at a lower constant pressure.On the graph drawn for QUESTION 4.1.2, sketch the graph that wil lbe obtained at a lower pressure. Label this graph P. (2)

4.2 An unknown gas with a mass of 0,77 g occupies a volume of 0,32 dm3 ata temperature of 27 "C and a pressure of 96 kPa. Assume that the gasbehaves as an ideal gas.

4.2.1 Calculate the molar mass of the gas. (5)

4.2.2 Write down the MOLECULAR FORMULA or NAME of the gasnamed in QUESTION 4.2.1. (2\

t211

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Physical Sciencesi P2 10NSC - Grade 11

DBE/November 2016

QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page.)

4 ' 1

5-2

4 ?

Define the term concentration.

Eight (8) grams of NazSzOg is dissolved in water to prepare 500 cm3

solution. Calculate the concentration of the NazSzOs solution.

A 10 g sample of a compound contains 2,66 g of potassium, 3,54 g

chromium and 3,81 g of oxygen.

5.3.1 Define the lerm empirical formula.

5.3.2 Determine the empirical formula of this compound.

QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page.)

(2)

(3)of

of

(2)

(7)

t14l

Learners made a mini volcano in a science laboratory by adding sodium bicarbonate to

ethanoic acid. Thev added 100 m{ of a 0,2 mofdm-r ethanoic acid solution to 10 g of

NaHCOg to start the reaction of the volcano.

The balanced equation for this reaction is:

CHgCOOH(aq) + NaHCO:(s) - CHsCOONa(aq) + HzO(l) + COz(g)

Define the term limiting reagent.

Determine the limiting reagent in this reaction.

Calculate the mass of the other substance in excess.

Calculate the volume of CO2 produced at STP.

6.1

6.2

o . J

6.4

(2)

(6)

(3)

(4)

115I

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Phvsical Sciences/P2 1 1

NSC - Grade 11

DBE/November 2016

carbon

for the

QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.)

Methane is used as an alternative fuel. The combustion of methane releasesdioxide and water. The balanced equation for this reaction is:

CHa(g)+Oz(g) *COz(g) +2H2O (g)+891 kJmol -1

The activation energy for this reaction is 1 72 kJ mol-l.

7.1 ls this reaction ENDOTHERMIC or EXOTHERMIC? Give a reasonanswer.

7.2 Explain why all chemical reactions need activation energy.

7.3 Why is this reaction not considered to be environmentally friendly?

QUESTION 8 (Start on a new page.)

8.1 Define an acrd in terms of the Lowry-Bronsted theory.

8.2 Consider the following acid-base reaction:

(2)

(2)

(2)

t6I

8.3

\ 2 ,

H2POa-+ NH3 * HPOa2-+ fr l f lo*

8.2.1 ldentify the conjugate acid-base pairs in the above reaction . (4)

8.2.2 Define the term ampholyte. (1)

8.2.3 Choose an ampholyte in the above reaction. (2)

Ten grams (10 g) of an impure sample of sodium carbonate is addedto 100 cm' ol a 0,2 mol.dm-' solution of hydrochloric acid. The acid istn excess.

The equation for the reaction is:

NazCOg + HCt -- NaCt + HzO + COz

8.3.1 Balance the equation above. (1)

8.3.2 Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid. (3)

The excess acid neutralises 20 cm3 of a solution of 0,1 mol.dm-3 ofmagnesium hydroxide.

2HCt(aq) + Mg(OH)z(aq) --- MgCt2(aq) + HzO(l)

8.3.3 Calculate the percentage purity of the sodium carbonate solution.

I\

(8)

t21l

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Phvsical Sciences/P2 12CAPS - Grade 1'l

DBE/November 2016

QUESTION 9 (Start on a new page.)

A silver Christmas tree can be made by placing copper wire, shaped in the form ofa tree, into a silver nitrate solution. The unbalanced equation for the reaction is:

9 .1

9.2

Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq)--* Cu(NOs)z(aq) + Ag(s)

Define the term oxidation in terms of oxidation number

Write down the following for the reaction above:

9.2.1 Formula of the reducing agent

9.2.2 Name of the oxidising agent

9.2.3 Oxidationhalf-reaction

9.2.4 Balanced net ionic equation using the ion-electron method

Use oxidation numbers to explain your choice of oxidising agent inQUESTION 9.2.2,

(2)

9.3

(2)

(2)

(2)

(4)

(2)

t14I

QUESTION 't0 (Start on a new page.)

The discovery of gold played a significant role in the economic development of SouthAfrica. ln 1970 gold mining in South Africa contributed 68 per cent to global production.

10.1 Which TWO mining methods are used in South Africa?

10.2 Give TWO reasons why mining is important for the South African economy.

10.3 State TWO negative effects of mining, with respect to the environment.

10.4 Most alloys of gold are used in jewellery and dentistry. The gold content injewellery is expressed in carat. The term indicates the number of parts of goldpresent in each 24 parts of alloy.

10.4.1 Pure gold, which is 24 carat, is not used to make jewellery.Give ONE reason why, referring to the properties of gold.

10.4.2 Apart from gold being used in jewellery and dentistry, name ONE

. other use of gold.

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(2)

(2)

(2)

(1)

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Copyright reserved Please turn over

Physical Sciences/P2 I

CAPS - Grade 11

DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 11PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)

GEGEWENS Y'R F'S'ESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 11VRAESTEL2 (CHEM|E)

TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSIANTES

TABLE 2: FORMULAEITABEL 2: FORMULES

copvrghr reserved lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

DBE/November 2016

NAME'A'AA'I' SYMBOUS"I'BOOL VALUEIWAARDE

Avogadro's constantAvoeadro-konstante

Ne 6,02 x 1023 mol- l

Molar gas constantMoldre qaskonstante R 8,31 J 'K-1'mol- l

Standard pressureStandaarddruk

p- 1 ,013 x 10s Pa

Molar gas volume at STPMoldre gasvolume by STD

22,4 dm3 mol-1

Standard temperatureStandaardtemperatuur

Tg 273K

PrV -Pr%

lT2pV=nRT

mM

Nn=-

NA

n=- c= I

oR/oF c= ffi

VMV

Physical Sciences/P2 2 DBE/November 2016CAPS - Grade 11

TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTSITABEL 3: DIE PERIODIEKE TABELVAN ELEMENTE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I I 10 11 ' i -2 13 14 15 16 17 18(r) (il) (il1) (tv) (v) (vt) (vil) (vill)

1

FH1

Atomic numberKEYISLEUTEL Atoomgetal

r*-_r,'i:;;::::;:;i;'#,,-'l s """1 l.-'J,;i::,

| 63,5

|

Approximate relative atomic massBen aderde rclatiewe atoo mmassa

2He

43

3 t-i7

4

3Be9

5

3B11

6

sc12

7

3N14

8

3016

I

3r19

10

Ne20

11

3Na23

12

iMg24

13

3A027

14

3Si28

15

FP31

16

ss32

17

3C035,5

{8

Ar40

19

3K39

20

3Ga40

21

3Sc45

22

3Ti48

23

3V51

24

3Cr52

25

3Mn55

26

3Fe56

27

3Co59

28

3Ni59

29

3Cu63.5

30

3Zn65

31

3Ga70

32

3Ge73

33

3As75

34

*Se79

35

SBr80

36

Kr84

37

3Rb86

38

3Sr88

39

iY89

40

3Zr91

41

Nb92

42

3Mo96

43

3Tc44

$Ru101

45

sRh103

46

tPd106

47

3Ag108

48

icd112

49

i ln115

50

3Sn119

51

3Sb122

52

FTe128

53

RI127

54

Xe131

55

5Cs133

56

3Ba137

57

La139

72

3Hf179

73

Ta181

74

W184

75

Re186

76

Os190

77

l r192

78

Pt195

79

Au197

80

Hg20'l

81

3Te204

82

3Pb207

83

3Bi209

84

RPo85

3et86

Rn

87

5Fr88

3Ra226

89

Ac 58

Ce140

59

Pr't41

60

Nd144

61

Pm62

Sm150

63

Eu152

64

Gd'i57

65

Tb159

66

Dy163

67

Ho165

68

Er167

69

Tm' t69

70

Yb173

71

Lu175

90

Th232

91

Pa92

U238

93

Np94

Pu95

Am96

Gm97

BK98

cf99

Es100

Fm101

Md

't02

No103

Lr

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Phvsical Sciencesi/P2 J

CAPS - Grade 11

TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALSTABEL 4A: STANDAARD-REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE

DBE/November 2016

roo

I€

eot4

!

EoEo

oto,o

5

l!G

C"

'6:!ol-

ltt'-oa!

E(,

:ooio

€

E.=14*o

€socotoe=.ltottt',4pxoEt'-o

o(l,

.',

Haf f-reactions/Ha lf re aks i es Eo (v)F2(9) + 2e

coo' + e

H2O2 + 2H* +2e'

M n O ; + 8 H - + 5 e '

Clz(g) + Ze

Cr2ol- + 14H. + 6e

o z ( g ) + 4 H t + 4 eM n O 2 + 4 H * + 2 e

P ( + z e

Br2(t) + 2e'

NO; + 4H. + 3e-

Hg" * 2a

A g ' * e

N o ; + 2 H . + e -

Fe3t + e-i ^ l ^ \ + 2 A + + 2 a

l z + 2e 'u u + e

S O 2 + 4 H * + 4 e2 H 2 O + Q 2 + { s -

Cu2* + 2e

Sol ++u .+ze

Cu2* + e

Sna* + 2e-

s + 2 H * + 2 e2H. + 2€

Fe3* + 3e-p62, + 2e

Snz' + 2e-

Ni2* + 2eCo2* + 2e

cd2* + 2e'

Cr3* + e-Fe2' + 2e

Cr3' + 3e-

znz* + 2e'

2HzO + 2e'

C?. + 2e'

Mn2* + 2e-nf. + 3eMg" * 2'

N a * + eca2" + 2es?' + ze

Ba2* + 2eCs' + e-K + e

L t + e

2F-co2*2HzO

Mn2* + 4HzO

2Cr

2973* + 71120

2HzOMn2* + 2HzOPt2Br

NO(g) + 2H2O

Hs(s)Ag

NOz(g) + H2O

Fe-

Hzaz.2 lCuS + 2HrO40HCu

SO2(g) + 2HrO

cutsn2tHzS(g)HdslFePb

Sn

NiCo

cdcf'FeCrZnHz(g) + zonCrMnATMgNa

SrBa

LI

+ 2,87+ 1 , 8 1+1,77

+ 1 , 5 1

+ 1 , 3 6

+ 1,23+ 1 , 2 3+ 1,20+ 1 ,O7

+ 0,96

+ 0,85+ 0,80

+ 0,80

+ 0,77+ 0,68+ 0,54+ O,52+ 0,45+ 0,40+ 0,34

+ 0 , 1 7

+ 0,16+ 0 , 1 5+ 0 , 1 40,00

- 0,06- 0 , 1 3- o,14- o,27- 0,28

0,40- 0,41- 0,44- 0,74- 0,76- 0,83- 0,91- 1 , 1 8- 1,66- 2,36

, 2,47- 2,89- 2,90- 2,92- 2,93- 3.05

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Phvsical Sciences/P2 4

CAPS - Grade 11

TABLE 48: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALSTABEL 48 : STAN DAART,"REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE

DBE/November 2016

:ooFIo

€sEov,

€E€coEosoe=It.!

IDg

o3ttECD.Eo(!oL(,

roosg*

EElt,*0

scoEosoPgltnttDg

!,

€xottl,6t!o(,c

Haf f-r6actions/Ha lfreaksi es E€ N)L t + e

K * + e -

Cs* + e-

Ba2* + 2e-

sf* + ze-Ca2' + 2e-

Na' + e-

Mg'* t 2e-

At3. + 3e-

Mnz* + 2e

cf. + 2e-2HzQ + 2e-2n2' + 2e'

Cr3* + 3e-

Fe2* + 2e-

Cr3* + g-

962* + 2e

Coz' + 2e-

Ni2* + 2e-

sn2* + 2e

Pb2* + 2e-F.3* + 3e2H' + 26-

S + 2 H . + 2 e -

Sna'+ 2e-

Gu2* + e-

SOI - +aH '+2e

cu2' + ze2HzO+Oz+4e

S O 2 + 4 H * + 4 eu u + a

12 + 2e'

Or(g) + 2H._+ 2e-Fe"' + e-

NO] + 2ft. + 6-

49' * e'Hg" + 2e

N O ; + 4 H . + 3 e -

Btz(t) + 2e-* * + 2 e '

M n O a + 4 H * + 2 e -oz(g) + +tt'+ +e-

Crzo|- + 14H' + 6e-

cag) + 2s-

Mno; + 8H. + 5e-

HzOz + 2H' +2 e-Co3* + e-

Fr(o) + 2e-

LiK

BaStCaNaMgATMn

Hr(g) + 2OHZn

Fec?.

Co

Ni

SnPb

FeHr(g)

HrS(g)

Sn2'Cu*

SOr(g) + 2H2O

40H-

S + 2HzO

2rHzOzFe2'

NOz(g) + Hzo

AgHs(t)

NO(g) + 2H2O

28|PtMnz* + 2HzOZHzQ

2Cr3* + THzO

2CrMn2* + 4HzO

2HzOCo2*

- 3,05- 2,93

- 2,90- 2,89- 2,87

- 236- 1,66- 1 , 1 8- 0,91- 0,83

- 0,74- 0,44- 0,41- 0,40- o,28- o,27- 0,14- 0 , 1 3- 0,060,00

+ o,'14+ 0 , 1 5+ 0,16

+ 0,'17

+ 0,34+ 0,40+ 0,45+ o,52+ 0,54+ 0,68+ 0,77

+ 0,80

+ 0,80+ 0,85

+ 0,96

+ 1 ,O7+ 1,20+ '1,23

+ '1,23

+ .1,33

+ I ,36

+ 1 , 5 1

+1,77+ 1 , 8 1

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