Govt. of TamilnaduDepartment of School Education

Bridge Course 2011-2012

Class VII -Science

I TO III.FOOD

FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY DISEASES

Food groups

Carbohydrates (eg cereals)

Protein-rich foods(eg pulses)

Fats and oils Micronutrient-rich foods(eg vegetables)

Milk

WATER? SALT?

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Vitamin A Rich Food

Vitamin B Rich Food

Vitamin C Rich Food

Vitamin D Rich Food

Vitamin E Rich Food

Vitamin K Rich Food

Minerals Rich Food

Food Pyramid

Nutritional deficiency diseases-Goitre and Marasmus Diseases

Nutritional deficiency diseases-kwashiorkor and Rickettes

Follow this chart to avoid diseases

IV.Acids and bases

Acids

Produce H+ (as H3O+) ions in water

Produce a negative ion (-) too

Taste sour

Corrode metals

React with bases to form salts and water

Bases

Produce OH- ions in water

Taste bitter, chalky

Are electrolytes

Feel soapy, slippery

React with acids to form salts and water

Learning CheckDescribe the solution in each of the following as: 1) acid 2) base or 3)neutral.A. ___soda

B. ___soapC. ___coffeeD. ___ wineE. ___ water

F. ___ grapefruit

SolutionDescribe each solution as: 1) acid 2) base or 3) neutral.A. _1_ soda

B. _2_ soapC. _1_ coffeeD. _1_ wineE. _3_ water

F. _1_ grapefruit

Learning Check

Identify each as characteristic of an A) acid or B) base

____ 1. Sour taste

____ 2. Produces OH- in aqueous solutions ____ 3. Chalky taste

____ 4. Is an electrolyte____ 5. Produces H+ in aqueous solutions

Solution

Identify each as a characteristic of an A) acid or B) base

_A_ 1. Sour taste

_B_ 2. Produces OH- in aqueous solutions

_B_ 3. Chalky taste

A, B 4. Is an electrolyte

_A_ 5. Produces H+ in aqueous solutions

Some Common Acids

HCl hydrochloric acid

HNO3 nitric acid

H3PO4 phosphoric acid

H2SO4 sulfuric acid

CH3COOH acetic acid

Some Common Bases

NaOH sodium hydroxide

KOH potassium hydroxide

Ba(OH)2 ________________________

Mg(OH)2 ________________________

Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide

Learning Check

Match the formulas with the names:

A. ___ HNO2 1) hydrochloric acid

B. ___ Ca(OH)2 2) sulfuric acid

C. ___ H2SO4 3) sodium hydroxide

D. ___ HCl 4) nitrous acid

E. ___ NaOH 5) calcium hydroxide

Solution

Match the formulas with the names:

A. _4__ HNO2 1) hydrochloric acid

B. _5__ Ca(OH)2 2) sulfuric acid

C. _2__ H2SO4 3) sodium hydroxide

D. _1__ HCl 4) nitrous acid

E. _3__ NaOH 5) calcium hydroxide

Learning Check

Acid, Base Nameor Salt

CaCl2 ______ _________________

KOH ______ _________________

Ba(OH)2 ______ _________________

HBr ______ _________________

H2SO4 ______ __________________

Solution

Acid, Base Nameor Salt

CaCl2 salt calcium chloride

KOH base potassiuim hydroxide

Ba(OH)2 base barium hydroxide

HBr acid hydrobromic acid

H2SO4acid sulfuric acid

Acid base properties

Acids are hydrogen ion (H+) donorsBases are hydrogen ion (H+) acceptors

HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-

donor acceptor + -

+ +

V & VI.TYPES OF TISSUES AND CELL STRUCTURE

PARENCHYCHYMA CELLS-Living cells

ARENCHYMA CELLS-Present in spongy portions, leaves, soft portions of plants.

COLLENCHYMA CELLS-Present in petiole part of leaves.

SCLERENCHYMA CELLS-Dead cells

-Present in hard portions like seed coat.

*XYLEM AND **PHLOEM-*Complex tissue; water conducting tissue, different pattern of thickenings. ** Complex tissue; food conducting tissue, different pattern of thickenings

*PLANT AND **ANIMAL CELLS*cell membrane absent, large vacuole chloroplast present

**cell membrane present chloroplast absent.

VII.Ecosystem

What is a Population?• A population is one species living in a

specific area.• For example, all foxes living in an area

form a population.• Another example, all dandelions

growing in an area form another population.

What is a Community?• A community is formed from all living

populations found in an area. • All the foxes, dandelions, grasshoppers,

snakes, hawks, deer, and skunks living in one area each form their individual populations, but together make up a community.

What is a Ecosystem?

• An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between all living and non-living things • How do living and non-living things

interact in an environment?

What is Ecology?

• Ecology is how living and non-living things affect each other in their environment.

• We have already named several living things found in a community. Can you name non-living things in your community?

Non-living parts of your community• Buildings• Roads• Bodies of water• Automobiles• Traffic lights

How non-living and living things affect each other

• Building more homes drives many animals out of their natural habitats or communities.

• Littering can destroy an animals habitat.• Air pollution from automobiles and factories will

affect the quality of life for all living things in a community, including people.

Writing Activity

• Write a paragraph about the effects that living and non-living things have on each other. Include three facts from this presentation and one fact that you discovered on your own.