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Go Green Indonesia ! MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW, RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

[email protected] www.ebtke.esdm.go.id

Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No. 1A, Cikini, Jakarta 10320

Tel. (021) 39830077

Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW, RENEWABLE ENRGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

DIRECTORATE OF VARIOUS NEW ENERGY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY Jakarta, 2013


OCEAN ENERGY


Definition of Ocean Energy according to Wikipedia:

“Marine energy or marine power (also sometimes

referred to as ocean energy or ocean power)

refers to the energy carried by ocean waves, tides,

salinity, and ocean temperature differences for

electricity generation.”


1) Tidal Currents

2) Tidal Range

3) Waves

4) Ocean Thermal Energy

5) Salinity Gradients


International Development of Marine Current Power Plants

Open Hydro MCT TGL

Lunar Energy

Scotrenewables

Atlantis Clean Current

SMD Hydrovision

Hammerfest Strom KORDI/MOERI South Korea Kobold

Which will become a global standard?


Based on cartographic calculation,

Indonesia has a total ocean area that

extends to 5,8 million kilometres.

Ocean energy is one of renewable

energy sources.

Ocean energy is energy that is

generated from oceans and seas, and

is certainly a source of renewable

energy since the methods and

technologies used to capture wave

and tidal energy do not produce CO2

emission.


One of the potentials of seas

and oceans that has not been

widely known to the public is

the potential of seas and

oceans to produce electricity.

In general, ocean energy potentials

that can generate electricity are

divided into 3 types, namely tidal

power, wave energy and ocean

thermal energy.


Wave energy is the energy

generated from the movement

of waves toward the shore and vice versa, and it is a form of

energy that can be harnessed

by recognizing the wave

height, wave length, and wave

period.

http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id/













Ocean currents are sea water mass

movements from one place to another.

Ocean currents may occur due to

differences in the salinity of sea water

masses, wind, tides, or ocean surface

differences. Movement of ocean currents

can be converted into electrical energy. In

simple terms, the current energy can be

converted into electrical energy by installing

marine propellers, and the propellers will

then drive the turbines that can generate

electrical energy.

(www.lemigas.esdm.go.id)


An energy that utilizes high tides

and low tides.

The water flow can drive a turbine

to generate electricity.

Tidal energy utilizes sea water

movement in large amounts (tides).

The working principle of tidal energy is

very simple. At high tide, the sea water

comes in through the dam via a valve

that can be opened automatically. At

low tide, the valve inside the dam is

closed, and the sea water is therefore

trapped inside the dam. It is this

trapped sea water that is utilized to

rotate the turbines.

http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id













Power plants can utilize the temperature differences to generate

energy. The utilization of this type of energy source is called

ocean thermal energy conversion.

Source: http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id/en/energy/renewable-energy/ocean-

flow/824-energi-panas-laut.html

http://www.ebtke.esdm.go.id/en/energy/renewable-energy/ocean-flow/824-energi-panas-laut.html












Islands = 17,480

Ocean = 5.8 million km2

Ocean EEZ = 2.7 million km2

Coastline = 95,180 km

Population (2010) = 236 million


Tidal Range Energy Potentials

Source: Donny Achiruddin in New, Renewable Energy & Energy Conservation Symposium


At the present time, technologies have been

developed to harness energy from the

ocean for electricity generators. The

development of electrical energy generation

installations by utilizing wave and tidal

energy has been done up to a commercial

level in some countries, such as Scotland

and Portugal for wave energy, and France

and the U.S. for tidal energy.

In Indonesia, potential areas include parts of

Sumatra, Sulawesi, West Nusa Tenggara,

West Kalimantan, Papua, and the south

coast of Java.

Source: file.upi.edu.com0


Upstream (Extracting ocean energy)

Downstream (Converting into energy products)

Power Generation

PRIMARY INDUSTRIES END UTILIZATION

Tenaga Listrik

Results

NATURAL RESOURCES

Ocean

Energy

Resources

VALUE CHAIN OF OCEAN ENERGY INDUSTRIES

ENERGY PRODUCTS

Commercial

Industries

Transportatio

n

Households Survey on

Potentials of

Currents, Waves,

Tides,

Temperature

differences

Ocean Energy Transmission Power

Distribution Power


INSTITUTION UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL

AFFAIRS

Generation

Transmission/ Distribution

Electric Business License for Public Purposes (IUKU)

Commissioning

National

Electricity

Company

(PLN)

Ocean Energy Policy

MINISTRY OF

ENERGY AND

MINERAL

RESOURCES

LOCAL

GOVERNMEN

TS

•Location permit

•Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL)

•Building Construction Permit (IMB) for Power

Plants

INVESTMENT

COORDINATING

BOARD (BKPM)

•Investment Permit

INSTITUTIONAL RELATION IN OCEAN ENERGY EXPLOITATION

•Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL)

MINISTRY OF

MARITIME

AFFAIRS AND

FISHERIES

“Marine Area Use Permit”


TOTAL ENERGY 2010 2015 2020 2025

1178,19 1590,93 2152,61 2819,51 100 %

Biofuel 37,05 74,10 111,15 222,30 7,88 %

Biowaste (Electricity) - 7,41 22,23 66,69 2,37 %

Geothermal 22,23 66,69 111,15 222,30 7,88 %

Hydro Energy 7,41 14,82 37,05 81,51 2,89 %

Ocean Energy - - 3,71 7,41 0,26 %

Solar Energy - 3,71 14,82 29,64 1,05 %

Other Renewable Energies - 1,48 7,41 11,12 0,39 %

New Energies (nuclear and others) - - 14,82 88,92 3,15 %

Oil 585,39 615,03 629,85 666,90 23,65 %

Gas 237,12 311,22 407,55 555,75 19,71 %

Coal 288,99 496,47 792,87 866,97 30,75 %

2.2 ENERGY MIX PROJECTIONS UNTIL 2025

Million BOE

Data source: Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources’ Material Presented

in Economic Affairs Coordination Meeting on Energy Policies, 2012

BOE = barrel oil equivalent


154 Units of

New &

Renewable

Energy-Based

Power Plants

NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY-BASED POWER PLANT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

FOR FISCAL YEAR 2014


Ocean Energy Power Plant Program

Energy and Mineral Resources for People’s Welfare 21

OCEAN ENERGY ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENT

UNTIL 2015

Province Municipality/District

Developer Status Development (MW)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

1. East Nusa Tenggara

Alor APBN -- -- -- 0,04 0,54

2. Bali Klungkung (Nusa Penida)

APBN -- -- -- 0,52 1,02


Energy Sources

Coordinate Location

(0)

The result of

Potential Energy

Waves 6.18339S 105.17228E H = 3,2 m and T =

17,8 s

Tidal waves 5.907198S 105.868902E Average range 7,67

m

Wind 5.22478S 106.336E Average V 2,4 m/s

Ocean currents 5.356S

106E

Average V 0,5 m/s

Table 1. Pow er Potential : Ocean Energy for pow er plant

ALTERNATIVE OCEAN ENERGY POWER PLANTS

AROUND SUNDA STRAIT


Renewable Energy Investment Cost (USD/kW) O&M Cost (USD/kW)

2010 2050 2010 2050

Biomass steam turbine 2500 1950 111 90

Geothermal 2400-5500 2150-3600 220 136

Large hydro 2000 2000 40 40

Small hydro 3000 3000 60 60

Solar PV 3500-5600 1000-1600 50 13

Solar CSP 4500-7000 1950-3000 30 15

Ocean 3000-5000 2000-2450 120 66

Wind onshore 1450-2200 1200-1600 51 39

Wind offshore 3000-3700 2100-2600 96 68

Cost Assumption for Renewable Electricity

Generation (IAE Scenario 2050)


Offshore Distance, Km Capital Cost, $/kW Cost of Electricity

(CEO), $/kWh

10 4,200 0.07

50

5,000 0.08

100 6,000 0.10

200 8,100 0.13

Based on estimation cost by L. A. Vega, Ph.D. of Pacific

International Center for High Technology Research

(PICHTR), Honolulu, Hawaii

Cost estimates for 100 MW CC-OTEC Plantship (CEO for 10% fixed rate and 20 years)


OCEAN ENERGY COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY POWER

Currents United Kingdom

Italy

Ireland

Australia

AWS Ocean Energy

KOBOLT

Seagen Tidal Energy

Grav. Vortex

Pilot plant > 2 m/sec

Pilot plant > 3m/sec

1,2 MW commercial

50 MW > 1,3 m/sec

Waves Ireland

Australia

Spain

Power Buoy HTS

CETO

Osc. Water Column

Prototype

400 kW, distillation

300 kW, chamber

Ocean Thermal USA

Queensland

OTEC1-2

QE Tech

100 kW

10 kW

Some Countries That Have

Utilized Ocean Energy


ENERGY at

OCEAN

COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY POWER

Offshore wind Denmark

United Kingdom

Wind mill farm

Wind mill farm

400 MW

240 MW

Hydr. Cooling

Works

Canada Cooling Air cond. Save 7,5 MW

Some Countries That Have Utilized

Ocean Energy (continued)


Coal energy : US$ 4-5 cents/kWh

Gas energy : US$ 9 cents /kWh

PLN interconnection energy : US$ 7-8 cents /kWh

Ocean energy : US$ 7-18 cents /kWh

Fuel oil energy : US$ 20-25 cents /kWh


1. Output-outcome perspective:

Ocean energy utilization to increase Indonesia’s energy

resilience

2. Stakeholder perspective:

Roles of producers-consumers-regulators-researchers

3. Internal process perspective:

Supply and utilization climate of ocean energy, licensing,

standardization, supervision, etc.

4. Learning and growth perspective:

Human resource capacity, Institutions and Technology


There are two strategies for ocean energy

utilization acceleration, namely:

(a) development priority strategy

(b) sustainable implementation strategy


Development Priorities:

Short-term priority, such as the utilization of

current and wave energy for coastal areas that

have not had access to electricity (which

generally require small-scale capacity power

plants).

Medium and long-term priorities, such as the

multi-purpose development of ocean thermal pilot

project with OTECS technology (electricity,

fisheries, mineral and fresh water supply,

research and tourism).


Sustainable implementation strategy

Human resource development,

preparation of cross-sector roadmap,

regulations, standardization, and

development of national ocean energy

technology and industry

Coordination for the implementation of

ocean energy utilization; and Long-term

institutional cooperation strengthening

(Government-Associations-Universities

and Research Institutions)

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