recycle !

City of Philadelphia Philadelphia Recycling Office

Municipal Services Building - Room 870 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-1676

October, 1989

Active use of this glossary, including reproduction and quotahan, iF encouraged

This glossary is printed on recycled paper

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About This Glossary:

This glossary consists of a compilation of terms that are relevant to the expanding world of recycling. While many of the entries were gleaned from other sources, a large number of terms needed to be defined new by the Philadelphia Recycling Office.

Words in bold type face in an entry indicate a cross reference listed elsewhere.

' . I -

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Abbreviations follow the full name in brackets. For example [HDPE] is not listed separately, but rather follows the entry High Density Polyethylene.

reference. At the end of each entry, the number in parentheses indicates the

(1) .........................

(2) .........................

(3) .........................

(4) .........................

Act 101 Municipal Waste Planning, Recycling and Reduction Act of Pennsylvania, effective 9/26/88 Harrisburg, PA, 1988

Glossary of Recycling Terms and Acronyms Resource Recycling, Inc., Portland, Oregon, 1988

The 1988 Pennsylvania Recycling Conference

Pennsylvania Resources Council, Media, PA, 1988

City of Philadelphia Philadelphia Recycling Office Philadelphia, PA, 1989

RECYCLING -THE VITAL LINK IN WASTE MANAGEMENT,

The glossary is followed by a brief bibliography originally published This reference has two parts, in the trade journal Waste Alternatives.

Part 1 Waste Reduction and Recycling (June '89 issue) and Part 2 Managing Problem Wastes (September '89 issue).

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Abatement: ............................

Air Classifier: ........................

Alloy: ..................................... Aluminum Can: ........................ Anti-Scavenging Ordinance: .....

Average Daily Volume: ............

Avoided Costs: .......................

Back-End System: ...................

Baler: .....................................

Bauxite: .................................

Benefication: ..........................

Beverage Industry Recycling Program [BIRP]: ....

Bi-Metal Can: .........................

Biodegradable Material: ..........

The restoration, reclamation, recovery, etc., of a natural resource adversely affected by the activity of a person. (1)

A unit process in which mixed materials are injected into a forced air stream and separated according to the size, bulk, density and aerodynamic drag of the pieces (3)

A mixture of metals. (4)

A beverage container made from aluminum. (4)

A governmental regulation prohibiting the unauthorized collection of recyclable materials set out for pick up by a designated collector. ( 1 )

The mean daily volume received at a facility taking into account weather, seasonal variations, scheduled community cleanup days and other factors. (2)

Those costs not spent for the ultimate disposal of material collected, whether coming from avoided and landfill tipping fees, or incinerator operating costs. (4)

Process for recovering resources from the organic portion of the Waste Stream; included are Refuse Derived Fuel and fuel recovery conversion to oil or gas, fiber reclaim, Compostlng and conversion to animal feed. (3)

A machine which compacts certain Waste materials into rectangular bundles to reduce volume. (3)

A claylike amorphous material. the main ore for the production of aluminum(4)

In R e c y c l i n g . the mechanical process of removing C o n t a m l n a n t s and cleaning scrap glass containers. Benefication was originally a mining industry term for the treatment of a material to improve its form or properties, such as the crushing of ore to remove impurities. (2)

A state coalition of beverage producers, packagers, wholesalers and retailers that undertake activities in support of recycling, particularly buy-back centers. A common acronym is BIRP. BIRP systems operate in a handful of states. ( 2 )

A can made from two or more metals, usually a steel body and an aluminum lid. (2)

Material capable of being converted into basic compounds or elements by bacteria. (4)

Bottom-Ash ........................... I I Blue Box: .................................

*I i . ~ Bottle Bank ............................ I '?

Botti. Bill: ..............................

Brown Bag: ............................. Brown goo& ..........................

Bulk Culet Boxes: .....................

Bulk M ..............................

Bulk ............................

Bulk Pallet Contain-: ........... Buy-Back Programs: ................ Buy-Back Recycling Center: ....

Can Bank ................................

Chain Flail Crushers: ...............

Classification: ........................

The particulate matter which settier in the bottom of the combustion chamkn of an incinerator. (4)

A 14 gallon rectangular container used in many outside household myding programs. Generic term for any large, single plastic box to bo umd for recycling. (4)

A mobile, divided bin wad for receiving, separating, storing uld tnn.Pw\lng gl.u containers for recycling. (2)

A b known a8 krad 01 oontainer depodt legislation: 10 states natiowrwid. have p.uud such legislatlon as of 12/88: Originally stivted in Oregon in 1971 as a means of controiiing highway iittor. Currently an effective method for collecting bevoago c0nmin.n for rscyollng. (4)

See Kmfl B8g

Ob8oM. rkctronlc productr. such a8 radiocl and teievkions. 8.. a b W h i k QOO~D. (2)

Reusable corrug8tod containen used for sorting and tranrporting Cullot. Sometima ref8rred to as Q o y l o r d Box.. . (3) Refon to old household appliances [washers. dryers, mfrig.r.tors]. Saivag. indrutry extracts valuable metals from

bm. See Whit. -8. (4)

Tho high-vokrmm g d r of port COTUUW wasto papor induding old nowpaper, old oorrug8bd and mixed waste paper. (2)

Soe Culht Box#

Programs to punham recyclables from the public. (3)

A commercially located, staffed recycling facility that prohasas small amounts of poet consumer secondary materials from the public. Buyback centers typically purchase aluminum CM and m y Iko handle giw containen and newspaper. Little processing of materials occurs at buy-back centers. (2)

A self contained aluminum can buy-back unit. This device automatically pays cash, upon deposit of cans. Also referred to as Rovorso Vondlng M8chino.(4)

Inexpensive, low volume crusher which uses a chain to break glass containers. (3)

To arrange or sort waste materials into uniform categories, usually by size, weight, color, orgaddinorganic. etc.. (3)

Co-Composting: .......................

Commingled Collection: ............

Commodity: ............................

Compactor: ..............................

Computer Printout [CPO): .........

Composting: ..........................

Compound: ...............................

Contaminant: ..........................

Construction Waste: ................

Consumer Waste: ....................

Corrosion: ...............................

Corrugated Paper: ..................

Converting Plant: ....................

Cullet: ....................................

The biological breakdown of two or more distinct forms of organic material into a uniform materia1,e.g. Sludge a n d Yard Waste, Food Wastes and Municipal Waste. (4)

The pick up of several recyclable materials mixed together. ( 2 )

An economic good as a product of agriculture or mining;even when derived from Secondary Materials. (4)

A power-driven device used to compress and reduce the volume of Wastes or Secondary Materlals.(l)

Paper stock grade, consists of white sulfite and sulfate papers in forms manufactured for use in data processing machines. All stock must be untreated and uncoated. (2)

A solid waste management technique which utilizes natural processes to convert most organic materials to humus by micro-organism activity: not effective on inorganic materials like plastic and rubber. (4)

A material formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements. (4)

A material that is harmful lo the recycling process when included with Recyclable Material. Called contraries in some countries. (2)

Waste material produced in the construction of homes, buildings, etc., includes lumber, metal parts, sheet rock. (3)

Materials which have been discarded by the buyer, or consumer, as opposed to "in-print waste," or Waste created in the manufacturing process. (3)

A slow wearing away of a material. (4)

A paperboard used by corrugating plants to form the corrugated or fluted member in making corrugated combined board, corrugated wrapping, and the like. It is usually made from chemical or semi-chemical wood pulps, straw or reclaimed paperstock on cylinder or fourdrinier machines. (4)

Manual or automated facility which converts waste material in one form to a usable material in another form. (4)

Scrap glass, usually broken into small uniform pieces: 1) waste or broken glass, usually suitable as an addition to raw batch: 2) Foreign cullet from an outside source; 3) Domestic cullet (factory cullet) from within the plant. 4) Mixed cullet-scrap glass which is not separated by color (3)

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Curbside Colloctlom: ............... Degndpbb Plastk

8ev-e Carrier: ............... I *, . .

1r 1 1

Deinking: ................................ I

Dense Medla Separation: ...........

Detinning: ...............................

Disposal: .................................

Dropotr Centor: .....................

Drop-off Program: .................. Dumpster: ...............................

Effluent: .................................

Electrodynamic Separator: .....

Elutriation: .............................

SW Hou..hold Colkctlons (4)

Plutk beverage Eurion that degrade by biological pmcasn, photod.gr8datkm, chemodsgdation or degradation by other natural prooosaes. The degradation process does not prod- or reault In a reskJue or by-product considered to be Hazardous Waste. (1)

A procasin whbk of the ink, f l k r and other axtra~ous m D r k l Is molnd from pr lnM waate paper producing pulp whbh EUI k urd along with varying percentages of virgin p.p.r in Ih. manufadum of now high quallty paper. (3)

A unit proceo used to separate materials of differing densities by 'floavsink' in a colloidal suspension or a finely ground dense mineral. (Ab0 called %cavy media' separation). (3)

The edractlon of tin from steel food and beverage containers *muohc- poou.

Th. dlrporltbn, Injdon, dumping. spllling, lesklng or placing of Sdld W n i o into w on the land or water in a manner that th. Solid Wm.1. or a mstltusnt of the Solld Wasto enters th. onvh"mn1. k .mlttd Into the air or Is discharged to the waten. (1)

A recycling collection loeation where citizens can deliver S0pant.d r e 0 O n d . y tnaterIal8. ruch as newspapers. glass containen, and metal cans. The typical center is unattended and usually run by a non-profit organization or scchool group who

A combhation of drop-off sites in a given municipality. (4)

A large movable container for the collection of W a s t e materials. (4)

Solid, liquid or gas wastea whkh enter the environment as a by-product of chomkal, or biological mechanical processes. ( 3 )

be" from the procredr. (4)

A type of equipment usod to separate aluminum and other nonmagnetic nwtals through the use of electrodynamic induction of a magnetic neld (also referred to as 'aluminum magnet'). ( 3 )

The separation of finer, lighter particles from coarser, heavier particles in a mixture by means of a usually slow upward stream of fluid so that the lighter particles are carried upward. ( 4 )

Energy Recovery: ..................

Fossil Fuels: ...........................

I Front-End System: .................

FearlMllly Study: ......................

Ferrous Metals: ..................... Filter: ....................................

Flow Control: .......................

Fly Ash: ................................

Fluidized Bed: ........................

Food Waste: ............................

Food and Beverage Containers:

A form of Resource Recovery in which the organic fraction of waste is converted to some form of usable energy. Recovery may be achieved through the combustion of processed or raw Refuse to produce steam (e.g. as a supplemental fuel in electric utility power plant boilers or as the primary fuel in Incinerators), through the pyrolysis of Refuse to produce oil or gas, and through the anaerobic digestion or O r g a n i c Wastes to produce methane gas. (3)

A study which analyzes a specific municipal waste processing or disposal system to assess the likelihood that the system can be successfully implemented, including, but not limited to, an analysis of the prospective market, the projected costs and revenues of the system, the municipal Wsste Stream that the system will rely upon various options available to implement the system. (1)

Metals with iron content. (4)

A material through which liquids or gases are passed to clean it. ( 4 )

A practice by which state or local officials seek to guarantee the flow of Waste to the waste-to-energy plant. This practice stems from officials' need to assure a minimum supply of Warte to keep the facility operating efficiently.

Small solid particles of ash and soot generated when burning coal, oil or Waste materials, and carried with exhaust gases.

(3)

(3) (4)

A boiler which has a bed of sand and limestone, instead of the grate which traditional incinerators use. Fuel is Introduced into the "fluid" bed and ignited, and air Is blown up under this bed at high pressure. This causes it to "levitate," bubble and churn. The bed takes on some of the qualities of a fluid at this point. (3)

Table scraps, trimmings, rotten produce, which are suitable for consumption by hogs. Occasionally, and in Philadelphia is referred to as Garbage. (4)

Fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas, which are the remains of ancient plant and animal life. (3)

Refers to processing of Municipal Solid Waste for recovery of materials, e.g., metals, glass and paper. A front-end system also prepares the organic portion in a form readily useable in Energy Recovery, or Back-End Systems. (3)

Any container made of plastic, aluminum, glass or steel which can be used to store food or beverages. (4)

QLOSSARY QIF RBCYClLlINQ DBlFmlITnaDNS

Gartqe: ............................... Waato materkls, plant, animal and ti6aw, whkh are likely to

( 3 )

decompose or putrefy. Usually contains Food Wasto from a kitchen, restaurant, slaughter house or food processing plant.

1 ) Gaylord Box: .......................... See Bulk-Cutlet Box (3) ‘1

Glass Container: .................... Any indMdd bow, jar or container composed of glass. (4)

Glasphalt ............................... A trade nuno for a hbhway paving material In whkh recovered

m a l t . (2)

rpocihgrad- (4)

ground glass replace8 some of the gravel normally used in

Grading: ................................ The sorting or durification of myclable materials Into

Hammermill: .......................... A type of crusher used to break up waste materials into smaller plecea or putich, whlch oporates by using rotating and flailing h a ” . (3)

Waate materials that may cause or significantly mntrlbute to wrlous illness or death, or that p01.~ a substantial threat to human health or the environment when improperly managed. ( 3 )

Metals such as cadmium. lead and mercury that are penistent in the environment pnd are poiwncus. (4)

An acronym for high-dendty polyethylene plastlc used

Hazardous Waste: ...................

Heavy Metals: ........................

High oensity Polyethylene: [HpiPE]: ............................... for plastlc milk jugs, kkots, etc.. (2) (4)

High Grade Deinklng: .............. A paper industry term that nbn to recyclable paper of a high and printed grads that has ken delnked. (3)

Waste paper that is of the mast value In tho market place. Hlgh grade waste paper includes trimmings and cuttings from convoning plants, computer printouts, tabulating cards and desk top paper. High gmdo waste paper Is often collected in offlces. In the paper Industry, high grade waste paper is n f e r r d to PO pulp substltutea and Hlgh Grade Delnklng.

High Grade Waste Paper: .......

(3 )

Scrap that is utilized and recycled within the plant where it Home Scrap: .......................... originates. (2)

Household Collections: ............ Any private or public program that requires residents to separate, for recycling purposes, a variety of materials from the residentlal trash stream. (4)

A small bin, tub, pa l or box used by residents for storing recyclable materiak and for setting them out for Colloctlon.

Household Storage Container: ...

( 4 )

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Humus: ...................................

Igloo: .......................................

Intermediate Glass Processors [IGP]: ...............

Incinerator: ............................

Industrial Waste: ....................

Inorganic Refuse: ...................

Institutional Waste: ................

Intermediate Processor Center or Faciiity [IPC or IPF]: ..........

Jigging: .................................

Junk ......................................

Junker: .................................

The organic portion of soil created by the partial decomposition of organic matter. Yard waste Compostlng can create humus. ( 2 )

Drop-off containers, originally manufactured and marketed in Western Europe, used to hold a variety of recyclable materials ranging from glass to used motor oil. Originally white in color, and shaped like igloos, hence the name. Color-coding: White igloo for white glass, green for green glass etc. (4)

Businesses or organizations who purchase cullet from smaller suppliers, process the glass and sell the uncontaminated cullet to glass plants. (3)

A plant designed to reduce waste volume by combustion. Incinerators consist of refuse handling and storage facilities, furnaces, substance chambers, residue handling and removal facilities, chimneys and other air pollution control equipment. (3)

Those Waste materials generally discarded from industrial operations or derived from manufacturing processes. (3)

Waste material made from substances composed of matter other than plant, animal, or certain chemical compounds of carbon. (3)

Waate material originating in schools, hospitals, research institutions and public buildings.The materials include packaging materials, certain hazardous wastes, food wastes, disposal products, etc.. (3)

A facility that accepts Source Separated Materlals andlor C0"inQled Materlals from municipalities and private sanitation companies, processes the materials, and sells them to an industrial market, where the materials are used as a feedstock in manufacturing. (3) Also referred to as Material Recovery Facility (MRF)

A process used to segregate presized solid materials of different densities and operated by periodic pulsation of a liquid, usually water through a bed of the mixture of solids which tends to float the lighter solids. (3)

Residential or commercial waste having no apparent commercial value.

An item such as an automobile of such age and condition as to be ready for scrapping. (4)

Junk Ya& ............................

Kraft Bag: .............................. I 0

. . . Leachate: .................................

Lead-Acid Battery: ...................

Leaf wute: ................... " ........

Life cycle value: ..._........ ........

Magnetic s.purtor: .................

Mandatory Recycling: ...............

Mixed Residential Paper: ...........

Municipal Recycling Program: ....

Municipal Solid Waste [Msw]: .....

Municipal Waste: .......................

A common torm for an auto dlsmantllng or scrap metal P"l Mlity. (2)

indwlry tom for a strong paper or cardboard made from sulfato-prowsa wood pulp: unbleached varleties are used for mng paper and rhlpping cartons. Also known a8 Brown

Waw< kpmgr-&aUon or ground wator that has been in qmnt.ct with I.ndf1Ii.d .solid waste and contains high amc"Uons of dhoived and rrup.nd.d natural and synthetic

.ad b q M a derived f" decomposition of the

BW- (4)

contuninate mt.r 6uuPpli.r. (4)

Tho type of electrkal storage battery commonly used in motor v e h w . (4)

Loaw, gudon nridu# shrubbery and tree hr"ngs. and dmilar matsrkl. but not Including gnrr ciippln@. (1)

Th. value d w uut in twnu of itr operating life. (2)

Ru aqm" of "lie from Inss magnetic or non-msgnetlc nWuhI8 by udng 8tmng magnetic flelds. (3)

Program nquiring by ordinanw or statute that residents and/or burhurw mpmto rp.cilic materials from their Solld Waatos md p . p ~ U" for RoayclInO. (2)

A cabgory of wasto papor commonly oaxrring in residential households. Defined u containing only magazines. telephone books, mail and junk maiL (4)

A materials recycling program planned and operated by a municipality. Tho program entails collodion as well as eduulbn and promotion, marketing and economic development. ( 4 )

MSW encompasses all solid materials generated and discarded within a municipality, which must be collected and disposed of by a municipal entity. Thii definition also includes Recyclable Yotorlals. (4)

Any Qarbago. Ro tu r . industrial, lunchroom or office waste and other material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid or contained gaseous materiai, resulting from operation of residential. municipal, commercial or institutional establishments and from community activities. The term does include Sourco-Soparated Recyclable Matarlals. (1)

Municipal Waste Landfill: ..........

Non-ferrous Scrap Metals: ........ Open Burning: ............................

Operator: ..................................

Ore: ..........................................

Organic Waste: .........................

Oxide: ........................................

Paperboard: ..............................

Paperstock: ............................

Peddler: .................................

Plastic Beverage Carrier: ......

Plastics: ................................

Any facility that is designed, operated or maintained for the disposal of Munlclpal Waste The term shall not include any facility that is used exclusively for disposal of constructionldemolition waste or sludge from sewage treatment plants or water supply treatment plants. (1)

Metals which contain no iron. (2)

The burning of Waste materials in the open or in a dump. Open burning produces smoke, odor and other objectionable and hazardous air-borne pollutants. (3)

A person or company engaged in solid waste processing or disposal. (1)

A material that is mined so that its metal may be extracted. ( 4 )

Waste consisting of materials derived from plant and animal tissues. These materials include paper, wood, food, and yard wastes. (3)

A compound of oxygen and another element. (4)

Relatively heavier in base weight, thicker and more rigid than paper. There are three broad classes of paperboard:

1) container board 2) boxboard 3) special types such as

a: automobile board b building board c: tube board etc.. (3)

A general term used to designate waste papers which have been sorted or segregated at the source into various recognized grades. It is a principal ingredient in the manufacture of certain types of paperboard. (3)

Anyone who collects items such as old furniture, old newspapers, various metals and then offers them for sale from place to place. (4)

Plastic rings or similar plastic connectors used as holding devices in the packaging of beverages. (1)

Man-made materials consisting of large molecules called "polymers" containing primarily carbon and hydrogen with lesser amounts of oxygen or nitrogen, frequently compounded with various organic and inorganic Compounds as stabilizers. colorants, fillers and other ingredients. (3)

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Pollution: ...............................

Polyethylene Terephthalate [PET]: ...................................

Polystyrene: .............................

Porous: ..................................... Post Consumer Material: ..........

Primary Materials: ..................

Processing: .............................

...... Prospector: ..................... L

Purify: ..................................

Putrescible: ...........................

Pyrolysis: .............................

Contamination of any air, water, land or other natural resources that will create or is likely to create a public nuisance or to render the air, water, land or other natural resources harmful, detrimental or injurious to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, municipal, commercial. industrial, agricultural, recreational or other legitimate beneficial uses, or to livestock, wild animals, birds, fish or other life. (1)

More commonly called polyester, one of the members in the family of plastic barrier resins. (3)

A form of plastic, chemically synthesized from petroleum and most commonly used for food containers, packaging, and insulation. Polystyrene comes in two forms:

cups, fast food containers, ice chests, insulation 1) expanded polystyrene [EPS]: plastic foam used for

board, etc.. 2) extended Dolystyrene: hard plastic used for cups,

utensils, k ( 4 )

Permeable to liquids. (4)

Any product generated by a business or consumer which has served its intended end use, and which has been separated or diverted from solid waste for the purposes of collection, Recyellng, and disposition. The term includes industrial by- products that would otherwise go to disposal or processing facilities. The term does not include internally generated Home Scrap that is commonly returned to Industrial or manufacturing processes. (4)

Virgin or new materials used for manufacturing basic products. Examples include wood pulp, iron ore, silica sand and bauxite. (3)

Any technology used for the purpose of reducing the volume or bulk of municipal waste or any technology used to convert part or all of such waste materials for off site reuse. Processing facilities include, but are not limited to, transfer facilities, composting facilities and resource recovery facilities. (1 )

One who explores new things. (4)

To make clean. (4)

Subject to decomposition or decay. Usually used in reference to Gerhage and other Organlc Wastes and Refuse. (3) (4)

Chemical change brought about by the action of heat. The heating of a substance in the absence of oxygen breaks the material down into the various carbonaceous components inherent in the material. (4)

Reclamation: ............................ The restoration of usefulness or productivity of materials found in the Waste Stream. Reclaimed materials may be used for purposes which are different from their original use. (3)

Recyclable Materials: .............. Recycle: ..................................

Recycled Content: ....................

Recycling: ...............................

Recycling Facility: ..................

Refuse: ................................... Refuse Derived Fuel [RDF]: ......

Residential Waste: .................

Residual Wales: .....................

Resin: ....................................

Reusable waste separated for the purpose of recycling. (4)

To re-use. To process a used material so it can be used again in a new shape or form. (4)

The portion of a good, supplies, equipment, materials and printing which is made of Post-Consumer Materials. (4)

A Resource Recovery method involving the collection and treatment of a Waste product for use as raw material in the manufacture of the same or similar product, e. g. ground glass used in manufacture of new glass. (3)

A facility employing a technology that separates or classifies municipal waste and creates or recovers reusable materials that can be sold to or reused by a manufacturer as a substitute for or a supplement to virgin raw materials. The term "recycling facility" shall not mean Transfer Statlons or landfills for Solld Waste nor composting facilities or resource recovery facilities. (1)

See Waste.

A solM fuel obtained from Municipal Solld Waste as a result of a mechanical process, or sequence of operations, which improves the physlcal, mechanical or combustion characteristics compared to the original unsegregated feed product or unprocessed Solld Waste. (3)

Waste materials generated in private households. The materials include paper, cardboard, beverage and food cans, plastics, garbage, glass containers, old clothes, faod waste, garden wastes, etc.. (3)

[a] Non-hazardous industrial wastes, including wastes from agricultural and mining operations, water and waste water treatment facilities and air pollution control facilities. [b] The materials remaining after completion of a chemical or physical process, such as burning, evaporation, distillation or filtration. (4)

[a] Any of a large class of synthetic products that have some of the physical properties of natural resins but are different chemically and are used chiefly as plastics. [b] Any of various products made from a natural resin or natural polymer. (4)

Resources Consewation: ........

Resource Recovery: ............... x.

Resource Recovery Facility: ...

Reverse Vending Machine: ....... Sanitary Landfill: ...................

Scavenger: ............................

Scrap: ...................................

Screening: .............................

Secondary Materials: .............

Separation: ............................

Shredder Fluff .......................

Sludge: ...................................

The reduction in the amount of Solld Waste that is generated, reduction of overall resources consumed, and utilization of recovered resources. (3)

A term describing the extraction and utilization of materials from the waste stream either from "raw materials" in the manufacture of new products, or as values which can be converted into some form of fuel or energy. (3)

Facilities that convert materials from the waste stream into some form of fuel or energy. Also often referred to as Waste- To-Energy or Trash-To-Steam Plants (3)

See Can Bank (4)

A method of disposing of Refuse on land which requires careful preparation of the fill area and control of water drainage. To keep volume to a minimum, heavy tractor-like equipment is used to spread, compact, and usually cover the waste daily with at least six inches of compacted dirt. (3)

Anyone who searches through refuse for salvageable material. ( 4 )

Waste material which is usually segregated and suitable for recovery or reclamation, often after mechanical processing. (3)

A process using a sieve-like device to separate shredded or pulverized Waste material into various sizes. Two or more stages of separation may be used, each having a sieve with a different hole size in order to separate material by size. (3)

Ail types of materials handled by dealers and brokers that have fulfilled their useful function and cannot be used further in their present condition, and materials that occur as waste from the manufacturing or conversion of products. (3)

To divide Waste into groups of similar materials, such as paper products, glass, food wastes and metals. Also used to described the further sorting of materials into more specific categories such as clear and dark glass. Separation may be done manually or with specialized equipment. (3)

The non-recyclable waste material that is leftover from the processing of bulk goods. (4)

Waste materials in the form of a concentrated suspension of waste solids in water. One type of sludge is produced from the treatment of sewage. (3)

1/90 1 3

Solid Waste: ...........................

Solid Waste Management: .......

Solution: ................................

Source Separation: ................

Source Separated . Recyclable Materials: ..........

Spiral Classifier: ...................

Steelcan: ...............................

Stratified: ..............................

Tincan: ..................................

Transfer Station: ...................

Trash: ...................................

Treatment: ............................

Discarded solid materials. Includes agricultural waste (e.g. animal manure, crop residues), mining waste (e.g. mine tailings), industrial waste (e.g. manufacturing residues), and Municlpal Waste. (3)

Planning and administering of solid waste generation, storage, collection, transportation, processing, recovery and disposal. (3)

A fluid in which a solid, liquid or gaseous substance is dissolved. (4)

The segregation at the point of origin of individual recyclable components before they become mixed into the Solid Waste stream [e.g. bottles, cans, newspapers, corrugated containers, office paper]. (3)

Materials that are separated from municipal waste at the point of origin for the purpose of recycling. (1)

A mechanical device for performing two types of wet separation of fine solids:

1) large solids are separated from small solids of approximately the same density,

2) higher density solids are separated from lower density solids of the same approximate size.

The larger or denser solids are delivered up the spiral, somewhat drained. (3)

Food or beverage container made of steel; lined with tin plate to prevent corrosion and contamination of food. (4)

Arranged in layers. (4)

A can made of steel with a tin liner. (4)

A place or facility where Waste materials are taken from smaller collection vehicles and placed in larger transportation trucks or barges for shipment to disposal areas, usually landfills. (3)

Waste materiais which usually do not include Garbage but may include other organic materials such as Yard Waste. (3)

Any method, technique or process, including, but not limited to, neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical or biological character or composition of any municipal waste so as to neutralize such waste or so as to render such Waste safer for transport, suitable for recovery, suitable for storage or reduced in volume. (1)

1/90 1 4

UBC ...................................... An acronym for Used Beverage Containers. (2)

Unit Process : ........................ A motion or set of the material processing. (4)

The processing of waste materials so as to decrease the amount ', of space the materials occupy, usually by one of three

processes:

motions designed to complete one stage of

Volume Reduction: ..................

1) mechanical [crushing or shredding]; 2) thermal [incineration or pyrolysis]; 3) biological [composting]. (4)

Waste: ...................................

Waste Reduction: ...................

Waste Stream: .......................

White Goods: ..........................

Yard Wastes: .........................

All materials disposed of by society because its usefulness has been exhausted. Other terms like Trash, Refuse, Garbage, Yard Waste, Food Waste, Organic Waste, lndustrlal Waste, lnorganlc Refuse, lnst l tu t lonal Waste, Hazardous Waste, Consumer Waste, Constructlon Waste, Sludge. (4)

The prevention of Waste at its source by changing societal patterns of design, production, or consumption of consumer goods. (3) (4)

A general term used to denote the Waste material output of an area, location, or facility. (3)

Generic term used to describe major appliances such as refrigerators, stoves, washers, dryers. See also Bulk Goods (3)

Leaves, grass clippings, pruning and other discarded material from yards and gardens. (3)

REFERENCE

Recycling Bibliography Part I

H ere is a bibliography of articles on recycling that have appeared in magazines, journals, and other periodicals between 1984 and 1988.4 bibliography of government documents and published research papers on recycling-related topics will appear in our next issue. ....... Air Classification of Shredder Refuse Vesilind. PA. Conservation 81 Recycling. 19%. 8. nl. p 3 5 W Akron RDF Plant finally Hits Stride Sow& Linda A; Spencer. David B., Waste Age. Oct 87, 6. v18. n10. plZ7 Aluminium Recovery from Consumer Waste-I. TecbnologV Review Butterwick, L: Smith, G.D.. Conservation & Recycling. 1986. v9. n3. p281(12) Aluminium Recycling in the United States Bolling. Richard N.. Industry 'Sr Env. Ju!-Sep 86. v9. n3. ~ 3 6 ) America's Big Mess: After You Take Out The Trash, Where will mey Put It? Marshall. Eliot L, Govern- ing. Dec 87. vl. n3. p32(8) Austin Reeycles Brown, Beth Covar. Andrew P.. Solid Waste Service Div. Recycling Program, Austin, TX. Waste Age. Feb 84. v15. n2. lh34.37 Baling: A Case Study '

Brobst. Robert R.. Univ. of Wisconsin 7th Municipal & Industrial Waste Conf, Madi- son, Scp 11-12.84. p506(8)

,

Barriers to Reduction, Recycling Exchange and Recovery of Special Wastes in Ontario Ontario Waste Management Corp Report. May 84 (122) Basic Design Parameters for Recycling Programs Mersky. Ronald L. Widener Univ.. J Resource Manage- ment & Technology, Jul88. v16. n2. p104(4) Battery Lead Recycling and Environmental Pollution Hazards Collivignarelli. C.: Riganti. V.: Urhini. G,, Conservation ft Recycling, 1986. 6. nl. plll(l5)

Biotechnology in the Utilization of By-products Litchfield. John H.. Biotech- nologie. Biotechnica 86 Conf. (Hannover). Sep 23-25.86 (2) Built to Last Truax, Hawley. Env. Action. Mar-Apr 88. v19. n5. p9(3) Burning Trash: How It Could Work Hershkowitz. Allen. Technol- ogy Review, Jul87,v90. n5, p2634(9) Characterizing Fly Ash for CemenVConcrete Applications Epri Ecs Update, Summer 86. n5. p15(6) Charting Progress: An Update on Mandatory Recycling in the US Goldberg. Dan, Recycling Today, Apr 88. v26. n4. p42(8) China Seeks Cooperation with US. Scrap Processors; a Competitor Is Recycled; the Discovery That's Haunting Aluminum Phoenix Quarterly. Winter 86. vli. n4. p2(9)

China's Dilemma Peterson, Charles. Waste Alternatives, Jun 88. vl. n l . p60 Co-operation Works in Virginia Masley Ed, Waste Age. Dec 87, v18. n12. p4546.50.53 Coal Ash Waste Management Santhanam. Chakra J.; Cooper, Charles B.; Belasco. Armand A. Chemical Engi- neering Progress. Apr 86. v82. n4. ~ 4 2 6 ) Coal Flyash: Power Plant Waste or By-Product? Cheremisinoff, Paul, New Jersey Inst Technology Power Engineering. Jul88. v92.'n7. p40(2) Collecting & Processing Reclaimed Materials Walsh. Patrick 0 Leary. Phil Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, WI. Waste Age, Feh 88. v19. n2. plO(i-108. 110.112 Coming Soon to Your City Office Paper Recycling Millendorf, Sheila. Oftice Pa- per Recycling Service. New York. NY. Waste Age, Jul88, v19. n7. p6@61 Complex Method for Waste Utilization by Closed Industrial and Biological Cycles Harsanyi. J.; Sigmond. G.. Industry & Env. Apr-Jun 84. v7. n2. p39(4) Contractors' Midas Touch Turns Garharge into Gold Chemical Engineering. .4pr 14,Y6. v'33, n7. p27C3) County's Creativity Cures Waste Crisis Snow. Darlene, Waste Alter- natives. Dec 8R. vl. n3. p6

Creating a Recycling Program: Get a Computer‘s Help Clapham. W.B., Waste Alter- natives, Jun 88. V I . nl. ~ 5 0 Creative E n e m Systems and Projects Using Renewable Fuel Sources Kit. Rafail; Berry. John R: Rudblom, Lennart: O’Cilka. John A. Illinois Inst. Tech- nology, 48th American Power Conf, Chicago, Apr 1416,86. p923U) Cryogenic Communition in Scrap Recycling Dabom. G.R. And; Deny. R. Warren, Spring Lab. UK Resources Conservation & Recycling. Mar 88, vl , nl, ~ 4 9 0 5 ) Cyclic Process for Recovety of Metals from Spent Catalysts Wiewiorowski, E.: Tinnin R: Cmojevich. R, Amax Nickel Inc. Braithwaite. LA. Preprint - Society of Mining Engineers ofAIME 1988. Pub1 by Soc. of Mining Engineers of AIME. Little- ton, Co, p9 Design of Vertical Air Classifiers For Municipal Solid Waste Biddulph. Bichael W.. Cana- dian J Chemical Engineering Aug 87, v65, n4. p571(10) Developments and Aoo~ications of Rewcled Piistics h i . Christooher C: Selke.

~ ~~~

Susan E., Pack Techno1 Sci, Jul-Sep 88, vl, n3, p157-160 Down in the Dumps Steinhart. Peter, Audubon. May 86. v88. n3. p102(8) Drums Back Up as Industry Avoids Risks Griswold. Patti, RecyclingTo- day, Dec 87. v?5. n l l . p60(3) Economic Analysis of Rubber-Modified Asphalt Mixes McQuillen. Jay L.: Takallou. Hossein 5.: Hicks. K. Gar?: Esch. Dave. J Transportation Engineering-AXE. May 8X. v114, n3. p259(1Y)

Economic Evaluation of an Electrolytic Process to Recover Lead from Scrap Batteries Phillips, Thomas A. USBM Report ic 9071.1986 (23) Economic Evaluation of l o w and Non-waste Technologies Pearce, D.W.; Turner, RK. Resources & Conservation, Jun 84, vl l . n l . ~ 2 7 0 7 ) Eddy-current Separation by Permanent Magnets, Part 11: Rotating Disc Sepanltors Braam, B.C.. Delft Univ of Technology, Netherlands: Van, Der Valk. H.J.L.: Dalmijn, W.L.. Resources Conservation & Recycling, Mar 88, vl, nl. p3(15) Effects of Aluminum Can Exemption in the Delaware Bottle Bill Vasuki, N.C.. J Resource Management &Technology. Dec 86, v15, n2-3. p105(5) Efficient Recovery of Gold and Other Noble Metals from Electronic and Other Scraps Baba, Hidetoshi, Asaka Riken Industrial Carp. Japan, .~ Conservation & Recycling, 1987. v10. n4. ~ 2 4 7 6 ) Encouraging Environmentally Appropriate Behavior: The Role of Inirinsic Motivation De, Young Raymond, J Env Systems, 198586. v15. n4, p281U2) Energy From Waste mass, Donald L.: Sen, Col- leen T.. Chemical Engineer- ing Progress, Jul87, v83, n7, p46(7) Environmental Aspects of Waste Utilization in Consauction Gidlev. fames S.: Sack. Wil- liam .4.,-J Env Engineering IXV-ASCE. Dec 8.L ~110,116.

I

Environmental Impact . findkgs (Garhage Management in Japan: Leading the Way) Hershkowitz. Allen: Salerni. Eugene, Inform Report. 1987, p5(5)

Considerations in Recycling Solid Wastes Visalli, Joseph R.. J Resource Management & Technology. Dec 85. v14, n4, ~ 2 4 1 6 ) Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Waste Paper Walpot. J.I.. Conservation & Recycling. 1986, v9, n l , p127UO) EPNFlorida State University 2nd National Waste Exchange Confer- ence, Tallahassee, March 5-6, 1985 EPA Report, Mar 85 (136) EPA Program for Treatment Altematives for Hazardous Waste White, Donald C., APCA J. Apr 85. v35, n4, p369(4) European Composting Study Tour Koser, Wayne S., Biocycle, Jul88, v29, n6, p2628 European Experience with Litter Management and Recycling Vahidi. Iraj, J Resource Man- agement & Technology. Dec 86, ~15,1123. pIlO(5) European Recycling Techniques Brewer, Gretthen. Resource Recycling. Jan-Feb 98, v6. n7. p26(4) Financial and Environmental Impact of Garbage Incineration Dunlea. Mark A,, Env Plan- ning Lobby Report, Jul11. 85. (127)

Florida May Not Have Its Act Together Mattheis. Ann H.. Waste Age, Feb 88. v19. n2. p9i-98. 101-102 Fragmentation and Processing of Waste Wood Schonfeld, Joachim; Hool- mans, Volker. Conservation & Recycling, 1987, v10, 112-3, p141(9) Future Solid Waste Management Issues: Results of a Delphi Poll Bennett. Jeffrey R.; Walk. Peter L.. Proceedings 01 Sa- tional Waste Processing Conference 1988. Pub1 by ASME, New York. NY, ~353- 360 Future Waste Treatment in Sweden: a Combination of Methods to Conserve Resources and Improve the Environment Rylander. Hakan. Resources & Conservation, Oct 86. vi?, 113-4. p203(11) Garbage In, Power Out: A Clean Solution to a Heap of Problems Mathews. Jay. Wasliitiqton Post. Nov 18. $7. pX1)

waste Alternatives I Waste Reducmn and Recyc l i ?~ 83

. .* * * - ". REFEHtNLt '+ ,. . -.

... . .

. . ~. ....

. .

. .

. .

* ~

Recycling Bibliography Part 2

ere is a bibliography of government docu-

all the documents and research published in this area

ments and published research papers on recycling-re- lated topics published between 1984 and 1988. While not

are included in the bibliography, we have tried to make

Municipal Waste Solid Waste Handbook Alternatives '€471 Waste- A Practical Guide

Robinson, William, 86. John 87, National Solid Wastes wiley and Sons, 605 Third Management Association3 Avenue, New York. NY

10158. (212) 8506000.

t'-EneW'/wcw 1730 mode Island Avenue. N.W., Suite 1000, Washing- Solid Waste Management ton, D.C. 20036. Planning Guidebook (202) 659-4613. (Minnesota)

H it as complete as possible.

BcymdtkC* h!cgmtdsdMwaste M " e n t Re& wul and Anthony Domhlski, s e p $7. commu- nity Environmental Council. 930 Miramonte Drive, Santa Barbara CA 93109. (805) 9650583. C w of Porthad (Oregon) sdid W e Reduction Rspam Apr 86, Metro, 2OOO S.W. F h t Avenue. Portland, OR 972014398. (503) 221-1646. DirecdoryofW88te Utllizaaion Technologies in E u m w and the United states 88. hstimte for Local Self- Reliance. 2425 18th St.. NW, Washington, DC M1)09. (202) 232-4108. Environmental Risk Dis- cuseion of Solid Waste Management Systems Apr 87. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 520 Lafay- ette Rd.. St Paul, MN 55155. (612) 296.8439. Gatimae Menawment in - Japan- Hershkowitz. Allen. 87. In-

Garbnge Practices, Problems and Remedies U n d e m d , Joana and Hershkowitz, Allen, 87, In- form, he.. 381 Park Avenue S.. Suite 1201, New York, NY 10016. (212) 6844040. Integrated Waste Management Systems Computer Model 89, The Conservancy. Offices and Nature Center, 1450 Menihue Dr., Naples, FL33942. (813) 2624304.

Renewable Enegy: Resource Recovery 87, Florida governor's Energy Oftice, Planning and Research Section, Tallahas- see, FL32394oool. (904) 4886764. Second Opinion (Computer Model for Feasibility of Solid Waste Options) 88, New York State Legisla- tive Commission on Solid Waste Management, 150 State Street, Albany, NY 12207. (518) 4553711.

Mathematical Model for Shategv Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems the Municipal Solid fila. J., 87, National Techni-

The Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for Action. Draft Report of

waste Task F~~~~ cal Information Service, Sprinpfield. VA22161. Waste, Washington, D.C. (703) 487-4650.

88. US. EPA. Ofrice of Solid

form, Inc., 381 Park Avenue S.. Suite 1201. New York. NY 1IX)lt i . (212) f#9.41)40.

76 Waste Alternatives / Managlng Problem Wastes

Berg-Moeger, Cathy, 86. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Rd.. St. Paul. MN 55155. (612) 29M439. Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the United States, 1960 to 2000 88. National Technical Infor- mation Service. Springfield. VA 22161. (103) 4874650. Doc: PB88232780/XAB. Characterization of Products Containing Lead and Cadmium in Municipal Solid Waste in the United States, 1970 to 2000 88. Franklin Associates. Ltd.. 4121 west 83rd Street. Suite 108. Prairie Village, Kansas 66208. (913) M9-2225. The Next Frontier: Solid Waste Source Reduction Hurst. Karen: Paul Reiis: and Joan Mekher. 88. Commu- nity Environmental Council. 930 Miramonte Drive. Santa Barbara. CA 93109. (805) 963-0583, Solid Waste Management Alternatives: Review of Policy Options to Encour- age Waste Reduction Zimmerii~an. Elliot. 88. Avail- able at Illinois Deposi~oty Libraries or llirough tlir Sa- tiotial Technical I~iiortiiarioti Srwice. Spriii~lirld. VA 2161. (iW 4Hi-4iSO.

. . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . '. . .

- . , . . , .

. . , , . . . . . . . . . . . .~

Source Reduction Task Force Report 87, Ocean state Cleanup and Recycling, Rhode Island D e partment of Environmental Management, 9 Hayes St., Providence, RI 02908. (401) 277-3434. Solid Waste Collection and Disposal: 1987 87. American Public Works Association, 1313 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60673.

Estimating Solid Waste Transportation Costs, Guide #2 in a Series of Municipal Solid Waste Planning Guides Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Solid Waste Man- agement, Division of Munici- pal Services, P.O. Box 2063, Harrisburg, PA 17120. (717) 787-7382. Case Studies in Rural Solid Waste Recycling 87. The Minnesota Project. 2222 Elm St.. SE, Minneapo- lis, MN 55414. (612) 3782142. Coming Full Circle, Successful Recycling Today 88. Environmental Informa- tion Exchange, Environ- mental Defense Fund. Inc.. 1616 P. St. NW, Washington, D.C. (212) 5052100. Designing for Profit in Recycling Hickman, Doug, 85, Rowan- Tree Enterprises. Box 1613. Stouffville, Ontario, Canada L4A 8A4. Feasibility of Tax Incentives for Purchases of Recycling Equipment or Recycled Products 87. Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Re- sources, Energy and Envi- ronmental Affairs Division, 325 West Adams. Room 300. Springfield. 11 ri27(14-189%. (217) 785-2800

(312) 667-2200.

Final Draft, Development and Pilot Test of an Intensive Municipal Solid Waste Recycling system for the Town of East Hampton 88, Commoner, Barry. et al. Center for the Biology of Natural Systems, Queens College of the State Univer- sity of New York. Flushing, NY 11367-0904. (718) 670.4180. The Impact of Source Separation Plans on Re- source Recovery Facilities Economics Carlson, R, 85, Center for the Biology of Natural Sys- tems, Queens College of the State University of New York. Flushing. NY 11367. Incentives for Recycling 88, New York State Legis- lative Commission on Solid Waste Management, 150 State Street, 5th floor, Albany, NY 12207. (518) 4554436. New York State, Department of Environmental Conserva- tion, Division of Solid Waste, Room 208.50 Wolf Rd., Albany, NY 12233-4010. Intensive Recycling Feasibility Study for the Ci*. of B d a l o Commoner, Barry, et al.: 88 Center for the Biology of Natural Systems, Queens College of the University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367-0904. (718) 670-4180. Mining Urban Wastes: The Potential for RecyclinB; Worldwatch Paper 76 Pollock. Cynthia: 87. Worldwatch Institute. 1776 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.. Washington, D.C. 20036. (202) 452-1999. Options to Overcome Barriers to Recycling 87. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Resource Recovery Section. P.O. Box 31)028. Lansing. MI 48909. (517) 373-0540.

Phase I and I Master Recycling Planning Study: State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 88, Ocean State Cleanup and Recvcline. Rhode Island De- p&enFof Environmental Management, 9 Hayes St, Providence, RI 02908. A Guide to Recycling Commercial Waste New Jersev Deoartment of Environmental -Protection. Office of Recvclinn. 401 East State street, LN 4i4. Trenton, NJ 08625. (609) 292-0331. Handbook for the Reduction and Recycling of Commercial Solid Waste Brown summer internship program, Rhode Island DEM. 88. Rhode Island De- partment of Environmental Management, Ocean State Cleanup and Recycling ( O S CAR) Program, 83 Park St.. Providence, RI 029031037. (401) 277-6012. Ofkice Paper Recycling 87, METRO, 2000 S.W. First Ave.. Portland, Oregon 97201-5398. (503) 221-1646. Papercycle: Office Paper Recycling at the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Anne R. Filbert: 86. Ohio

Setting Up an Office Recycling Program: A HOW-TO Manual for Businesses, Organiza- tions, and Institutions Outerbridge, Thomas: Joan Melcher; and Paul Relis; 87. Community Environmental Council. 930 Miramonte Dr.. Santa Barbara, CA93109. (805) 963-0583. Co"uni*.-Based Waste ReCyClii Institute for Local Self-Reli- ance. 2425 18th St.. N.W.. Washington, D.C. 20009. (202) 232-4108. Conducting a Recycling Program Publicity Campaign (series of

85, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. Solid Waste Division. P.O. Box 1760. Portland, OR 97207. (503) 229-5395. Getting the Word Out: A Guide to Publicity and Education New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Office of Recycling, 401 East State Street, CN 414. Tren- ton. New Jersey 08625. (609) 292-0331. Motivating Recycling 85. RowanTree Enterprises. Box 1613. Stouffville. On- tario. Canada L4A 8A4.

pamphlets)

Department of Natural Re- sources. Oftice of Litter Pre- vention. Fountain Square. Building E-1. Ci~lunibus. O H -13224. (614) 2656367.

Public Education Massachusetts D ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ of Environmental Quality ~ ~ ~ ~ j , ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ . 1 winter

Wasle Ailernatives I Managing Problem Wastes 77

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. , . .

llsrrogohv Cmtd.

publicibr aad Education brRewdin@An labwabhre Guide Riclaner&kislak Tanis: 87. Tvlis RickmemSkjslak. 3319 Willow Crescent Dr., E%?, Fairfax VA 22030. Wate: Choices for c0”Unities Knoua Lois; 88, Concern, Inc.. 1794 Columbia Rd., NW, Washi#on, D.C. 2ooo9. (202) 3288160.

-summary: SbpAvideRecyclingLaWs Oct 88, Environmental Action Foundation. 1525 New Hampshire Ave.. N.W.. Washington. D.C. 20036. (202) 745-4870. 1LNewYaLState -Beverage Camtabs Aa Economic Efk-9IndustlyAdapta tba. d Guidelines for l a p m v e d E r w i n n m e n ~ pdley(w0rltinePaper MU 88 Rockefeller Institute of Cmrnment. 411 State Street, Albany. NY lZ03. (518) 472-1300. k.LriesnReeycfine MrLetl988AMual Dh.caonmefeRnw Maaal- Reeoup Publishing Limited. P.O. Box 577. Ogdensburg, NY 13669.1-800267-0707. The Economic Feasibility 0fReeycling:ACase .sbady0fPlfmicWastes Curlee, Randall T.; Nov 86, Raeger PublisherdGreen- wood Press, 88 Post Road West. Box 5007. Westport. CTty1881. (203) 226-3571. Michigan Secondary Market Development - Feb 87. Michigan Depart- ment ol Natural Resources. Resourc~ Recovery Section, P.0. Box :<(XY‘X. Lansing, MI 4%M)O. 1517) ::73A540.

Recycling Markets- CaUfomia and the Pa&c Wm (Conference h o b i s ) Fitlitz. lennifer: Paul Relis: and JOG Melcher; Jun 88. Community Environmental Council. 930 Miramante Dr.. Santa Barbara, CA 93109.

Drink Bottle Recycle= and Equipment Manufaeturws Pennsylvania Resources Council. Inc.. P.O. Box 88. Media PA 19o63-0088. (215) 5659131. Household F3attew Collection Program Sep 88. NH/VT Solid Waste Project Room 336 Moody Building, Claremonr New Hampshire 03743. (603) 5431201. Multi-Material Recycling

m ~ o f m t i c m

. - Manual ’

87. K e e ~ America Beautiful. Inc.. 9 West Broad St.. Stamford, CT 06902. (203) 323-8987. Plastic Bottle Recycling DiRetory and Reference Guide 1988 88, The Plastic Bottle Insti- tute. Division of the Society of the Plastics Industry, I&.. 1275 K SL. N.W. Suite 400. Washington. D.C. 20005. (202) 371-5200. State Planning for Post-Consumer Plastics Recycling Brewer, Gretchen: May 87. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Engineering, 1 Winter Street, 9th Floor. Boston. MA 02108. (617) 292-5856. Statewide Materials Market Studies (MichisIan

~~

series) Feh 87. Michican Deoart- ” ment of Natural Resources. Resource Recovery Section. P . 0 . Box 30028. Lansinfi. MI 48W) (517) ::7::-0540.

‘IIre Recovew and Disposal: A National Problem With New Solutions McManus. Frank (ed.); Available through Resource Recovery Report, 5313 38th St. N.W., Washington, D.C., 20015. (202) 362-6034, Used Oil: Disposal Options, Management practices, and Potential h b i l i t y Nolan. Harris, and Cavanaugh: Apr 88. Govern- ment Institutes, Inc.. 966 Hungerford Dr. #24. Rockville. MD 20805, (301) 251-9250. Waste Tire Utilization Mar 87. US. Department of Energy, Science Manage- ment Corporation. 2100 M St, Suite 616, Washington, D.C. 20036. The Complete Guide to Planning, Building, and Operating a Multi- Material ?heme Center The Glass Packaging Insti- tute, 1801 K St.. N.W., Suite 1105-L. Washington. D.C. 20006. Final Report of the Marion County (Indiana) Recycling Commission Sep 87. Indianapolis Clean City Committee, 148 East Market. Indianapolis. IN 46204. (317) 633-3022. A Planning Guide for Residential Recycling Programs In Illinois: DmpOtI, Curbside, and Yard Waste Composting Mielke. Gary and David Waiters; May 88. Oftice of Solid Waste and Renewable Resources, Illinois Depart- ment of Natural Resources. 325 West Adams St.. Room 300. Springfield. IL 62704- 1892. (217) 7852800.

Recycling and Composting in County Solid Waste Management Planning: A Michigan Guidebook on Methods and Resources Oct 87, 4lichigan Depart- ment of Satural Resources. P.O. Box 30028, Lansing, MI 48909. (517) 373-0540. Steps in Organizing a Municipal RecycIing - e 88. New Jersev DeDartment of Environmental Protection. Division of Solid Waste Man- agement. Oflice of Recy- cling. 401 East State Street. CN 414. Trenton. NJ 08625. (609J 292-0331. A Sua- for Regional Recycling Jun 85, Massachusetts De- partment of Environmental Quality Engineering. Bureau of Solid Waste Disposal. 1 Winter Street. 9th Floor. Bomn. MA 02108.

Ten Steps to Organizing a Community Recycling Program Pennsylvania Resources Council. Inc., P.O. Box 88, Media, PA 19063-0088. (215) 565-9131. Waste to Wealth: A Business Guide for Community Recycling Enterprises lnsritute for Local Self.Reli- anse. 2125 18th Si., X.W.. Washington. D.C. 2OOW. (202) 232-4108. Alpicultural, Sludge, and Solid Waste Composting: Introductory Protiles flieslrr. Yancy: Jun G, Ifas:. sachubetts Ikpannienr “i Environmrntal Quality Engi. nerring. 1 Winter Sirert. 9th Floor. Boston. MA 1J210A (til:) “Y‘.SXT,ti.

(617) 292-5856.

78 Wasle Allernawes i Managing Prob idem Wastes

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Codisposal of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sudge: An Analysis of Constraints Badwin, Barnetf Richards, and Price: 80, NationalTech- nical Information Service, Springfield. VA 22161. (703) 487-4650. Compostis@ A Solid WanteAltemaMre MrChigan Department of Nasaral Resources. Waste Management Division, Re- source Recovery Section. P.O. Box 30028. Lansinn. - Michigan 48909. (517) 3750540. Ecollomics and Feasibility 0fCoeomposting Solid Wastes in McHenry County (Illinois) Jul87, Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Re- sources Clearinghouse, 325 West Adams St.. Room 300. Springfield, IL 62704-1892. (217) 7852800. Master Composter Training Manual Community Compost Educb tion Program. 4649 Sun- nyside Avenue North, Se atote, Washington 89103. (XW32-0224. Tfie Bioeycle Guide to Composting Municipal Wastes Jan 89, Biocycle. Box 351. Emmaus. PA 18041. (215) 9674135. The Co-composting of Domestic Solid and Human Wastes Obeng. Lettia and Frederick W. Wright: Mar 87, World Bank, Publications Depart- ment, 701 18th St., N.W.. Washington, D.C. 20433. (202) 473-2939. Worms Eat My Garbage Appelhoff, Mary: Institute for Local Self-Reliance. 2425 18th St.. N.W.. Washington. D.C. zonog. (202) 2~2.4108.

Leaf Composting Manual for New Jersey Municipalities Strom. Peter and Melvin Finstein: Oct 85, New Jersey Department of Environ- mental Protection, Division of Solid Waste Management, Office of Recycling, 401 East State St., CN 414, Trenton, NJ 08625. (609) 292-0331. Municipal Composting Handbook for Park, Yard, and hdwaping Plant Wastes California Solid Waste Man- agement Board, 1020 9th St., Suite 300, Sacramento, CA

Study and Assessment of E&t Yard waste Composting Programs Across the United States Richard Kashmanian: Dec 88.Regulatory Innovations Staff (PM-2231, Office of Pol- icy, Planning. and Evalu- ation, US EPA, 401 M St. S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460. Yard Waste Composting: Implementation Plan Yesney. et al.: Aug 88, City of San Jose, Office of Envi- ronmental Management, 801 North First Street. Room

95814. (916) 322-3330.

460, San Jose. CA 95110. (408) 2774509. 1988-89 Resource Recovery Yearbook. Directory and Guide 88. Governmental Advisory Associates, 177 East 87th Street, New York, NY 10128. The Buming Question: Garbage Incineration Versus Total Recycling Gong-Ting, Hang W. and S.A Romalewski; 86. The New York Public Interest Center, Inc., NYPIRC Publications, 9 Murray St.. New York, NY 10007. (212) 3496460. Garbage Buming- Lessons from Europe Hershkowitz. Allen: 86. III- form. Inc.. 381 Park Avenue

Municipal Incinerators: 50 Questions Every Lofal Govemment Should Ask Dec 88. Publications Depart- ment, National League of Cities, 1301 Pennsylvania Ave.. N.W.. Washington, D.C. 20004. (202) 6263000. Pitfalls and Premises of Resource Recovery in Un- ion County New Jersey Seldman. Neil, and Brenda Plan: Jan 89 Waste-to-EnerBy Facilities: A Decision Maker's Guide 1986. National League of Cit- ies, 1301 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004. (202) 6263030. Determining the Economic Feasibility of a Solid Waste Boiler, Guide 114 of Municipal Solid Waste Planning Guides Jan 87, Pennsylvania Depart- ment of Environmental R e sources, Bureau of Solid Waste Management, Divi- ' sion of Municipal Services, P.O. Box 2063, Harrisburg, PA 17120. (717) 787-7382. A Comprehensive Hazardous Waste EkcIusion Program at a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Merry, William: Aug 87, Governmental Refuse Collec- tion and Disoosal Association. P.O. BOX 7 i 1 ~ . Silver Spring. MD 20910. (301) .W52898. Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (40 CFR Part 258). Updated Provisions of State Solid Waste Regulations Jul88. National Technical Information Sewice. Spring- field. VA22161. (703) 487-4650. Landfill Salvage Institute for Local Self-Reli- ance. 2425 18th St.. N.W.. Washington. D.C. 2000% (202) 2?2-4 108.

S.. Suite 1201. New York. NY 10016. (212) 6894040.

Process Design Manual: Municiual Slu&e - Landfiiis Walsh. J.: Oct 78. National Technical Information Serv- ice, Springtield, VA 22161. (703) 487-4650. Household Hazardous Waste Educational Program Kit Smith, Tem 88, Teni Smith. Health Education Specialist. San Bernardino County. EPWA. 385 No. Arrowhead Avd., San Bernardino. CA 92415-0160. (714) 387-4646. Oscar's Options Bell, Carole, and Martha M. Schwartz: 86, Ocean State Cleanup and Recycling (OSCAR). Rhode Island De- partment of Environmental Management, Providence. RI 02908. School Science Laboratories Ken Giles. US. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5401 Westbard Avenue. Bethesda. MD 20207. (301) 292-6580. Teacher's Guide to Recycling Curricula Pennsylvania Resources Council, Inc.. P.O. Box 88. Media, PA 19063-0088. (215) 5659131. Teacher's Guide: Educational Materials in Resource Recovery: Grades k-12 Berg, Cathy: Jun 84. M i n n e sota Pollution Control Agency. Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste, 520 Lafayette Rd.. St. Paul. M N 55155. (612) 296-8439, Teacher's Resource Guide for Environmental Education Available from the Arizona Deuartmenl nf Education. 15% West Jefferson. I'hornix. AZ 85007. (602) 271-4361. Training Student Organizers Curriculum Aveiliiblr Irom CKNYC. 51 Cliambers SI.. R ~ ~ i i i 2%. New York. NY 10007.

Waste Allernalives i Managing Problem wastes 79

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Blbllography Confd.

Waste: A Hidden Resource Tennessee Valley Authority, Feb 89, Keep America Beau- tiful. Inc.. Curriculum. 9 West Broad St., Stamford.

' cTo6902. Alameda County Pilot Collection Program for Household and Small Generators of Hazardous Waste Emy Chan Meiorin. Apr 87. Association of Bay Area Gov- ernments, P.O. Box 2050, Oakland. CA 946042050. (415) 464-7941. Alternatives to Landtilling Household Toxics Local Government Commie sion, 909 12th St., Suite #203, Sacramento, CA 95814.

Bihliogmphy on Household Hazardous wastes Oct 88, Tufts University, Curtis Hall, Center for Envi- ronmental Management, 474 Boston Ave.. Medford. MA 02155. (617) 381-3486. Disposal-Do It Right Household Products Disposal Council, 1625 Eye Street, NW. Suite 500. Washington. D.C. 20006. (202) 659-5535. Hazardous Waste from Minnesota Households: The Final Report of the Household Hazardous Waste Pilot Collection pmiect Ridgley. Susan; 87, Mime sota Pollution Control Agen- cy, Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste, 520 Lafay- ette Road, St Paul, MN 55155. (612) 297-1453.

Household Hazardous Waste Collection Programs Nov 87. Center of Environ- mental Management, Tufts University, 474 Boston Ave- nue, Curtis Hall. Medford, MA 02155. (617) 381-3486. Household Hazardous Waste Collection Programs Clean Air Council, 311 S. Ju- niper St. Philadelphia. PA 19107. (215) 5151832. Household Hazardous Waste Management Goldberg. Jeannie S.; Jan 87, Water Quality Division, Mu- nicipality of Metropolitan Seattle, Exchange Building, 821 Second Avenue, Seattle. WA98104. (206) 684-1233.

Household Hazardous W a s k Collection and Disposal Options for North Carolina Communities Mary Beth Edelman; 87. In- stitute for Environmental Studies, 311 Pittsboro Street-Z56H, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. (919) 9663332. Michigan Household Hazardous Substance Handbook Ecology Center of Ann Arbor, 417 Detroit Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104. (313) 761-3186.

COMPANY American Env. Safety Applicatirma American Public Worb Association C and M Company Caoanar International Inc. City &New York. Dept of Gen Svc Colurolidatad Tru& & Equipment Domtar Eager Beaver MfgiGeneral Engines Co. East Manufacturing Corp. Farmhand Galbreath. Inc. GSX Corporation HaUco Manufacturing Co., Inc. Harbrtmrign Harris Group Haybuater South Dakota Keith Manufacturing Co. Lummus Development Corporation Lundell Manufacturing Co. Mayfran International Mosley Machinery Co., Inc. Multidyne Intemational Inc. National Recycling Equipment Co. Nissan Diesel America, Inc. Perkins Manufacturing Co. Plastics Again Resvac Systems, Ltd. Read Screen-All Recovery Systems Resowe Management Intemational Shred-Tech Simonds Manufacturing Corp. Steel Can Recycling Institute The American Academy of Env. Eng.'s Young Equipment Zam. Inc.

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80 Waste Alternatives i Managing Problem Wasies