geo 101 – v09 - p2 infohouse

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Curtis J. Klaassen, P.E.Iowa Energy Center

Energy Resource Station

IOWA HEAT PUMP ASSOCIATION

Geo 101 – v09

Introduction to GeothermalHeat Pump Systems

2009 Conference

Introduction

Geothermal Heat Pump System Types

Geothermal System Features● Pros and Cons● Applications

Geothermal System Economics

A Residential Perspective

Questions at Any Time……

Geothermal Heat Pump Technology

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The Iowa Energy Center

Advancing Iowa’s Energy Efficiency andRenewable Energy Use Through

Research, Demonstration and Education

Provide balanced energy informationServe as a resource for energy issues, research & technologySupport community, business and individual efforts with energy efficiency & renewable energyAdminister Alternative Energy Revolving Loan Program

Projects:Energy Resource Station, Ankeny

Biomass Energy Conversion Facility, NevadaResearch, Education & Demonstration Grants

Alternate Energy Revolving Loan Program

www.energy.iastate.edu

Building Energy in PerspectiveBuildings Use 40% of the Nation’s Primary Energy

22%

18%

32%

28%

Residential

Commercial

Industry

Transportation

Total Residential & Commercial = 40%

Buildings Use 72% of the Nation’s ElectricityResponsible for 39% of the Nation’s Greenhouse

Gas Emissions2007 Building Energy Databook

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Energy Efficiency – Building BlocksStep 1 – Reduce Energy Load● Site Orientation and Building Arrangement ● Efficient and Effective Building Envelope

Step 2 – Improve Efficiency of Systems and Equipment● HVAC Systems – Geothermal Systems● Lighting Systems – Daylighting● Efficient A/C units, Boilers, Motors, Light Fixtures● Computers and Office Equipment

Step 3 – Effective Building Operations● Proper Control – Energy Management Systems● Commissioning – Making it work● Operations and Maintenance – Training and Tune-ups● Leverage Utility Company Rate Schedules

Step 4 – Alternative Energy Sources● Renewable Energy Options – Solar, Wind, Biomass

What Is Geothermal Energy?

Geothermal Energy is defined as “energy from the internal heat of the earth”

● 47% of the incoming radiation from the sun is absorbed by the earth

● The remainder is absorbed by the atmosphere or reflected back into space

Translated: Geo-Thermal means “Earth-Heat”

“High Temperature” Geothermal Energy● Energy Source for Hot springs and geysers● Temperatures exceed 300°F● Converted to produce useable heat and electricity

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“Low Temperature” Geothermal EnergyHeat Energy contained near the surface of the Earth

Shallow Earth temperatures fluctuate with seasonal outside air temperature

Nearly constant Earth temperatures at depths below 15 feet

Temperatures start to increase at depths below 400 feet about 1 °F per 100 feet

Ground Surface5 Foot Depth

10 Foot Depth15 Foot Depth

Low Temperature Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Heat Pump Systems● Take advantage of “Low Temperature” Geothermal Energy

● Constant Temperature Year Around – 50 to 55°F in Iowa● Apply a Water Source Heat Pump to “amplify” the heat energy

AKA● Ground Source Heat Pumps● Earth Coupled Heat Pumps● GeoExchange Systems● Well/Ground Water Heat Pumps● v.s. High Temperature Geothermal

Courtesy IGSHPA

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COOLING MODE

CONDENSERHEAT

EXCHANGER

COOLSUPPLY AIR

COMPRESSOR

EVAPORATOR HEAT EXCHANGER

EXPANSIONVALVE

FAN

WARM RETURN AIR

CIRCULATING PUMP

GROUND HEAT EXCHANGER

Heat Pumps Use a Refrigerant Cycle

● Same operation as a Refrigerator or Air Conditioner

● Compressor works to “pump” the refrigerant from “cold” to “hot”

● Heat Energy is transferred through Heat Exchangers

● The addition of a Reversing Valve allowsthe heat pump to work “backwards”

● In Heating Mode – heat is pumped into the space rather than out

Pump Heat rather than creating heat by burning fuel

What are Heat Pumps?

Characterized by Type of Heat Source and Heat Sink● Air to Air or Air Source● Water to Air or Water Source● Water to Water● Ground Source or Geothermal

Capable of Heating, Cooling and producing Hot Water● Capacity measured in tons

● One ton of capacity = 12,000 BTU per hour

● Typical new home is about 4 tons of heating capacity & 2 tons cooling

● Typical Classroom is about 2 – 3 tons of heating or cooling capacity

What is a BTU?

What are Heat Pumps?

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Geothermal Heat Pump System

Heating/Cooling Delivery System● Traditional Ductwork / Piping system to deliver

heat throughout the building

Heat Pump● Mechanical Unit that moves heat from the working

fluid, concentrates it, and transfers the heat to the circulating air

Ground Heat Exchanger● Underground piping system that uses a working

fluid to absorb or reject heat from the ground

Three Basic Components:

Geothermal System TypesClosed Loop System● Buried HDPE Piping● Underground Heat Exchanger ● Circulating Fluid contained● Exchanges only Heat with

the Ground● Various Configurations

Open System● Ground Water from Well● Exchanges Heat and Water with

the Ground● Returns Water to the Ground● Direct Circulation – Lake or River

Special Systems► City Water Interconnect Systems► Hybrid Systems

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Horizontal Trench LoopCost effective when land area is plentiful

Needs 2500 square foot Land area per ton

Trench depth – Six feet or moreGEOTHERMAL PIPE

To Produce 1 ton of capacity:● Trench length – typically 300 feet● Pipe length – out & back = 600 feet

Courtesy IGSHPA

2 inch Headers

3 Circuits

Horizontal LoopThree Circuits – each with Four Trenches and 4 pipes in each trench

Nominal 24 Ton Arrangement

12 Horizontal Trenches Each 300 foot long with Four ¾ inch pipes

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Slinky Loop

Slinky Coil – Overlap

Slinky Coil – Extended

To Produce 1 ton of capacity:● Trench length – typically 125 feet● Pipe length – out & back = 700 – 800 feet

Courtesy IGSHPA

Slinky Loop

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Vertical Bore LoopKeeps Space required to a minimumNeeds 250 Square Feet Land area per tonBore Depth – 100 to 300 feetBore Diameter – about 4 to 5 inchesBore Spacing – 15 to 20 feet apart Nominal Capacity – One ton / 200 ft Bore Hole

Vertical Boring Methods

Courtesy IGSHPA

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Vertical Boring Methods

Courtesy IGSHPA

Vertical Bore GroutingGrouting of Vertical Bore Holes Required● Seal Borehole to Protect

Underground Aquifers

● Maintain Thermal contact between pipe and ground

● Allow movement of pipe

Grout Types● Bentonite Based● Thermally Enhanced● Cement Based

Pressure Grouting from the bottom up recommended

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Vertical Loop2 inch Header Pipes

Nominal 24 Ton Arrangement200 foot Deep Vertical Bores with ¾” Pipes

3 Circuits with 8 Bores each Circuit

Horizontal BoreHorizontal / Directional Boring Machine used

● Horizontal length typically 200 feet for one ton of capacity

● Bore depth controlled at depth ~ 15 feet

● Possible to stack horizontal bores at various depths

● Minimal disturbance to topsoil and landscaping

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Horizontal Bore

Pond LoopMost Cost Effectiveclosed loop design

Pond Depth – 12 – 15 ft minimum maintained depth

Pipe Length – One 300 ft. coil per ton (minimum)

Nominal Capacity –● Heating: 10 tons/acre of pond● Cooling: 20 tons/acre of pond

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2 Tons

3 Tons

4 Tons

Pond Loop

Pond Loop Installation

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Open LoopMost Energy Efficient System Option

Very Cost Effective, providingthe following are verified:● Water Quality is High

● Water Quantity is Sufficient

● Meets Codes and Regulations

AKA “Pump and Dump”● 1.5 to 2 GPM per ton required

● At 30% run time a 4 ton unit could use 100,000 gallons per month

● Typical Family of Four uses about 6,000gallons per month for domestic purposes

EnergyPros and Cons

Geothermal System Features

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Energy Pros+ Geothermal Heating Contribution

● 1 kW electricity plus 3 kW geothermal heat moved from the earth = 4 kW heat delivered

● Heating COP of 3.5 to 4.9

+ Geothermal Cooling Contribution● Earth temperature sink cooler than air temperatures

= reduced cooling compressor work● Cooling EER of 14 to 27 (on 2 speed units)

+ Individual units allow zoning for off hour use

+ Reduced energy consumption: 30% - 50% less

+ Lower energy costs: 20% - 30% less


Energy Cons− Economizer Free Cooling not normally available

− Ventilation/make up air energy handled separately

Energy Considerations= Distinction between EER and SEER

= Minimize Circulating Pump energy

= Evaluate Heat Recovery Options for Outside Air / Ventilation Air

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Energy ConsiderationsHeat Pumps – Ground Source● Heating Efficiency measured by COP (Coefficient of Performance)● Cooling Efficiency measured by EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio)● Performance ARI/ASHRAE/ISO Certified at Specific Temps and Conditions

What are the Actual Entering Water Temperatures?

2.9

3.6 +

4.9

Closed LoopCOP @ 32°F EER @ 77°F

10.6

16.0 +

27.0

11.83.1Low Efficiency

20.0 +4.6 +High Efficiency

31.15.5Best Available

Open LoopCOP @ 50°F EER @ 59°F

Efficiency RatingARI / ASHRAE / ISO 13256 - 1

One point COP improvement represents 3% annual heating cost

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Tem

pera

ture

- D

eg F

GeoEx_LWST GeoEx_LWRT OA_Temp

Outside Air Temp

Supply Temp

Return Temp

40.0 Deg F

34.6 Deg F

Geothermal System EWT – Winter

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Energy Considerations

Circulating Pump Energy● Pumping Energy Can Be Significant due to 24 / 7 Load Factor

● Minimizing Pump Head effective ● Many Geothermal Systems have excess Pumping Energy

● Circulating Pump Monitored Energy Use:− Represents 8 % of the HVAC Metered Peak Demand

− Consumes 36 % of the Total Building HVAC Energy

− Responsible for 18 % of the Total Building Energy Costs

► Evaluate Pumping Options● Decentralized Loop Distribution● Two stage parallel pumping● Variable Flow pumping w/VFD’s

Operation and Maintenance

Pros and Cons

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Operation and Maintenance Pros

+ Unitary equipment – failure of one unit

+ Simple, not complex – Reduces Service Contracts

+ Avoids Boiler, Condensing Units or Cooling Towers

+ Elaborate Control Systems not required

+ No annual Boiler Teardown and Inspections



Operation and Maintenance Cons− Quantity of units to maintain

− Heat pump locations accessible

− Air filters and drain pans (unitary)

O & M Considerations= Refrigerant 22 vs 410A

= Equipment/compressor service life of 19 years

= Looping piping service life of 50 + years

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Environmental

Pros and Cons


Environmental Pros+ More comfortable indoor environment

> Each unit operates independently, allowing either heating or cooling to occur as required

> Individual Room Control

+ No make up water for Boiler / Cooling Tower

+ No Chemical Treatment / Hazardous Materials

+ Eliminate Carbon Monoxide (CO) Potential

+ No Vandalism or Security Concerns

+ Minimal floor area required

+ Less energy means less natural resources and less pollution

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Environmental Cons− Noise inside building

Environmental Considerations= Selection of circulating fluids

= Temporary disturbance of landscaping

= Design for proper indoor air quality

Where does a

Geothermal System

Apply?

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Geothermal Applications

New Construction● Integrate GeoExchange into design

● Optimize system efficiency and costs

Retrofit Construction● Air condition existing non A/C building

● Replace Unit Ventilators or Fan Coil Units

● Minimum disturbance for Historical Preservation


Building Type● Good application:

+ Single-story – finger plan

+ Balanced envelope / interior thermal loads

● Weak application:− New well insulated multi-story “box” with high internal loads

● Residential+ Excellent application

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Schools are Good Candidatesfor Geothermal Heat Pump Systems

Retrofit older systems

Air conditioning upgradeSchool building layout normally good for balanced

heating/cooling loads

Typical classroom good economic size for heat pump

Open field area available for Geothermal Heat Exchanger

System advantages attractive to schools

Schools will be around to enjoy the life cycle cost benefits

Geothermal ApplicationsDomestic Water Heating Options● Cooling Season = Free water heating● Heating Season = High COP water heating

Desuperheater Option● Uses 10 – 15% of Capacity to heat water● Only works when Heat Pump in operation● Unable to satisfy all hot water requirements

Switchover or Demand Option● Uses full Capacity to heat water● Switches from space to water heating● Can satisfy all hot water requirements

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Water to Water Heat Pump Applications● Able to heat water to 120°F

● Dedicated Domestic Water heating

● Hydronic systems

● Radiant floor systems

● Heating water/chilled water source for Outside Air/ Ventilation Air with conventional air handling systems

● Swimming Pool water heating

Radiant Floor Heating Application

Radiant Floor

● Circulate heated water through piping circuits embedded in floor slab

● Warm Floor radiates heat to the walls, ceiling and other objects

● Water to Water Heat Pumps provide water at an effective temperature

Photo by Jeff Benz

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Geothermal System Economics

$ First Costs+ Energy Costs

+ Maintenance Costs

= Bottom Line

What is the Iowa Experience?

Heating/Cooling Delivery System● No significant difference in the traditional

ductwork system

● Installed ductwork costs are similar

Heat Pump● Compare to premium efficiency Furnace and

Outside Condensing Unit – Tradeoffs

● Installed unit cost premium of about $2,500 compared to a premium furnace & A/C in a typical new home (4 ton capacity)

Ground Heat Exchanger● Dependent on the soil type and system capacity ● ~ $1,400 to $1,600 per ton for simple residential ● Gross cost of about $6,000 for 4 ton system● Credit Utility Rebates -- $0 to $2,400● Tax Credit = 30% of qualified expenditures

First Cost Basics - Residential

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Commercial Building Costs● Building and HVAC System Criteria drive First Costs

● Generally, the cost inside the building is comparable

● Incremental Cost of Geothermal Heat Exchanger vs cost of Boiler, Chiller, Cooling Tower, Condensing Units, etc.

Manage the Installed Cost● Reduce the total Heating / Cooling Load

− Efficient Building Envelope− Efficient Lighting System− Outside Air Loads: CO2 / DCV and Energy Recovery Units

● Right Size the Heating/Cooling Equipment

● First Cost is greatly influenced by Effective Design

First Cost Basics - Commercial

First Costs – Bore Field

$ 13.00 / BoreFt$ 8.00 - $16.00 / BoreFtCost per Foot of Bore:

$ 2,950 / Bore$1,500 - $4,200 / BoreCost per Bore:

$ 2,430 / Ton$1,200 - $3,500 / TonCost per Ton:

$ 5.40 / SqFt$4.50 - $7.00 / SqFtCost per Square Foot:

AverageRangeGross Bore Field Cost

These are project reported bore field gross construction costs ● The costs are not qualified for scope or normalized for conditions● Costs do not include Credits for Boilers, Chillers, Cooling Towers● Costs do not include Utility Company Incentives● Recent Average cost cover last 3 years and include several long horizontal bore projects● Additional Project Cost Information appreciated

Summary Unit Gross Costs

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Typical Bore Field Costs breakdown:● Bore hole drill rig and labor: $6.00 -- $10.00 / bore foot

− Soil type, Field conditions● Prefab U-bend pipe: $0.70 -- $2.00 / bore foot

− Pipe size and thickness● Grout and sand materials: $0.65 -- $1.25 / bore foot

− Bore hole size and Grout type

● Total for bore hole installed: $7.35 -- $13.25 / bore foot

● Multiplier for header systemmanifold, vault, flush, fill, test, etc: 10% to 30%

● Total system cost: $ 8.10 -- $ 14.60 / bore foot● Average cost: ~ $ 13.00 / bore foot

First Costs – Bore Field

First Cost Considerations

Recognize All System Related Cost Savings● Boiler Stacks and Roof Penetrations

● Boiler Room Combustion Air

● Chemical Treatment, Make Up Water and related equipment

● Structural Cost for Cooling Tower or Equipment Support

● Screen Walls and Fences for Vision, Vandalism, Security

● Machine Room (Refrigerant) Ventilation

● Natural Gas Service Entrance

● Reduced Mechanical Equipment Floor area

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First Cost ConsiderationsUtility Company Incentives● $ 0 to $ 600 per ton● $100 to $150 Bonus for High Rated COP and EER● $100 for Desuperheater Option● Custom Incentive Programs● Alternate Rate Schedules● Check with the Local Utility before Design

Financing Options● Iowa Energy Bank Loan● Utility Company Financing● Energy Savings or Performance Contracting

Tax Incentives● Residential: Personal Tax Credit of 30% of qualified expenditures● Business: Corporate Tax Credit of 10% of expenditures● Commercial: Up to $1.80 per SF for 50% better than Energy Standard

Energy Costs

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Energy Costs

All Electric / Electric Heat Rate Schedule● Most Significant Factor for Energy Costs

● Identify the applicable Rate Schedule

● Electric Costs of 4 ¢/KWH vs. 8 ¢/KWH for winter usage

● Some Rates may be applied to the total building electrical usage

Electrical Demand – Commercial Buildings● Typical Reduction in Electrical Demand

● Demand Limiting / Load Shedding Opportunities

● Demand may be a significant factor in total electric costs

Heating Energy EquivalentsEnergy Source Energy Energy Energy Typical Application

Fuel Type Unit Unit Cost Content$ per Unit BTU per Unit

Natural Gas Therm $1.17 100,000 92% AFUE Furnace 12.72$ New Hi Eff Natural Gas Furnace 1,314$ Therm $1.17 100,000 75% AFUE Furnace 15.60$ Older Natural Gas Furnace 1,612$

Propane Gallon $2.21 91,600 92% AFUE Furnace 26.22$ New Hi Eff Propane Furnace 2,710$ Gallon $2.21 91,600 70% AFUE Furnace 34.47$ Older Propane Furnace 3,562$

Fuel Oil Gallon $2.65 139,000 85% AFUE Furnace 22.43$ New Fuel Oil Furnace 2,318$ Gallon $2.65 139,000 65% AFUE Furnace 29.33$ Older Fuel Oil Furnace 3,031$

Electricity KWH $0.10 3,412 1.0 COP Resistance 29.31$ Baseboard Resistance Heat 3,029$ Higher Rate KWH $0.10 3,412 8.0 HSPF Heat Pump 12.50$ Air Source Heat Pump 1,292$

KWH $0.10 3,412 3.6 COP Geo Heat Pump 8.14$ Hi Eff Geothermal Heat Pump 841$

Electricity KWH $0.05 3,412 1.0 COP Resistance 14.65$ Resistance Heat 1,515$ Lower Rate KWH $0.05 3,412 8.0 HSPF Heat Pump 6.25$ Air Source Heat Pump 646$

KWH $0.05 3,412 3.6 COP Geo Heat Pump 4.07$ Hi Eff Geothermal Heat Pump 421$

Shelled Corn Bushel $3.89 392,000 75% Hi Eff Corn Furnace 13.23$ HiEff Corn Furnace (15% Moisture) 1,367$

Wood Cord $125.00 20,000,000 20% Standard Fireplace 31.25$ Tight Packed Cord (4'Hx2'Dx16'L) 3,230$ Hardwood Cord $125.00 20,000,000 40% Franklin Wood Stove 15.63$ Hardwood Dried @ 8,500 BTU/lb 1,615$ Air Dried Cord $125.00 20,000,000 70% Hi Eff Wood Furnace 8.93$ Annualized Efficiency Considered 923$

Example Residence:Design Heat Loss of Building: 53,000 BTU per Hour Calculated from Area and R-Values of walls, roof, windows, etc. - 53,000 BTU/Hr is average new Iowa home (1760 SF).

Annual Heating Degree Days: 6,500 HDD per year Weather Data representing the "coldness" of the winter season - 6,500 HDD is an averge HDD value for Central Iowa.

Annual Heating Energy Req'd: 103.4 Million BTU per Year with an predicted cost of

$/Million BTU

HeatingEquipmentEfficiency

Predicted Cost for Example ResidenceHeating $ per Year

Net HeatingEnergy Cost

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Energy Costs

Case Studies – Ankeny Elementary Schools

● Actual Site Energy Reduction: 46% to 54% BTU/SF-Yr

● Actual Energy Cost Reduction: 6% to 14% $/SF-YrNon Air Conditioned to Air Conditioned

● Energy Cost Avoidance: 20% to 34% $/SF-Yr

Site Energy Use Index – Ankeny Schools

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

Southeast Crocker East Northwest Terrace Westwood Northeast Parkview Northview AnkenyHigh

Site

EU

I, B

TU /

sq. f

t. yr

.

42% Reduction

83,187 BTU/SF-yr Average Conventional System

48,468 BTU/SF-yr Average Geothermal System

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0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

Southeast Crocker East Northwest Terrace Northeast Westwood Parkview Northview Ankeny High

Ener

gy C

ost I

ndex

, ¢ /

sq. f

t. yr

.

62.2 ¢ /SF-yrAvg. Geothermal System

112.7 ¢ /SF-yrAvg Conventional System

45% reduction

Energy Cost Index – Ankeny Schools

Geothermal Heat Pumps From a

Residential Perspective

What are the Energy Efficiency

Alternatives ?

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Average Iowa Home

1760 Square Feet + Lower Level

Heating Equipment Capacity:● Winter Heat Loss of 53,000 BTU/Hr● 70 °F inside / -10 °F outside● Central Iowa – 6500 Heating Degree Days

Cooling Equipment Capacity● Summer Heat Gain of 21,300 BTU/Hr● 75 °F inside / 95 °F outside● Central Iowa – 1100 Cooling Degree Days

Installation Options

Low Efficiency● 80 % Natural Gas Furnace● 80,000 BTUH Input / 64,000 BTUH Output● 2 ton – 11 SEER Central Air Conditioner

High Efficiency● 92 % Natural Gas Furnace● 60,000 BTUH Input / 55,200 BTUH Output● 2 ton – 13 SEER Central Air Conditioner

Geothermal Heat Pump System● 4 Ton Geo Heat Pump – 4.0 COP w/ 5 KW auxiliary heat● 41,000 BTUH Input / 58,000 BTUH Output w/ aux heat● 4 ton cooling at 18.0 EER

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HVAC System Costs

HVAC System Cost Low Efficiency High Efficiency GeothermalGas / Cent Air Gas / Cent Air Heat Pump

Base HVAC Equipment: 53 MBH / 24 MBH 66 MBH/2 Ton 60 MBH/2 Ton 4 Ton Heat/2 TonBase Equipment Cost 2,500$ 3,500$ 6,000$ Ductwork, Accessories & Installation 6,000 6,000 6,000 Geothermal Heat Exchanger and Circ Pump or 1,200 1,200 7,000 Gas line, Flues Vents, Refrig LinesOptions: Energy Recovery Ventilation 2,000 2,000 2,000 Humidifier, Premium Filter, Exhaust Fans 1,200 1,200 1,200 Total Amount 12,900$ 13,900$ 22,200$

Utilty Company Rebates 0 250 2,100

Net HVAC System Installed Cost 12,900$ 13,650$ 20,100$

Percent Increase OR Existing Retrofit 6% 47%

Above does not include Tax Credit of 30% or about $6,000

Energy Use and Cost

Electric Heating Rate of 6¢ per KWH on use over 1,000 KWH/Mo

Energy Low Efficiency High Efficiency GeothermalGas / Cent Air Gas / Cent Air Heat Pump

Natural Gas - Winter Heating $1.25 per Therm Base Energy KWHElectric Rate - Winter Heating $0.06 per KWH 1,000 Electric Rate - Summer Cooling $0.09 per KWH $0.09

Heating AFUE/COP 80% 92% 3.6Cooling SEER/EER 11.0 12.0 18.0$ / Million BTU $15.63 $13.59 $4.88

Base Energy - First KWH = 1,000 1,080$ 1,080$ 1,080$ Annual Heating Cost 1,612 1,402 504 Annual Cooling Cost 230 211 141 Total Annual Cost 2,922$ 2,692$ 1,724$

Average Monthly Cost $243.49 $224.37 $143.71

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Acquisition Low Efficiency High Efficiency GeothermalGas / Cent Air Gas / Cent Air Heat Pump

Base Construction @ $ / SF = $125 220,000$ 220,000$ 220,000$ Net HVAC System Installed Cost 12,900$ 13,650$ 20,100$ Purchase Price 232,900$ 233,650$ 240,100$ Down Payment 25,000$ 25,000$ 25,000$ Loan Amount 207,900$ 208,650$ 215,100$

Monthy Payment

Annual Interest Rate %/yr 6.40% 6.40% 6.40%Term in Months 360 360 360

Principal and Interest 1,300.43$ 1,305.12$ 1,345.46$ Taxes 200.00$ 200.00$ 200.00$ Insurance 50.00$ 50.00$ 50.00$ Energy 243.49$ 224.37$ 143.71$

Total Monthly Payment 1,793.91$ 1,779.49$ 1,739.17$

Monthly Energy Penalty (54.74)$ (40.32)$ -$

Total Monthly Cost – PITI + Energy

Economic PerformanceBottom Line● Most Energy Efficient Heating & Cooling System Available

● Comfortable with a High Degree of Owner Satisfaction

● Reduces Energy Cost by 20% to 35%

● Adds 2 – 4% to the Total Cost of New Construction

● Incentives, Credits and Alternate Financing may be Available

● Typical 5 to 12 year payback

● Generally Best Life Cycle Costs

● Considering PITI & Energy…… $40 to $50 monthly Cost Penalty

to use Conventional System

Each Commercial / Residential Facility is Unique

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May 6 – 8, 2009

Introduction to Geothermal Heat Pump Systems

Thank You…….. Discussion ! ! ! !

Questions ????

Energy Resource Station at DMACCPhone: 515-965-7055

[email protected]

geo 101 – v09 - p2 infohouse

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