global biodiversity
DESCRIPTION
TDWG Annual Meeting 9-13 Nov 2009, Montpellier. GBIF – Strategic Perspectives on building the Biodiversity Informatics Commons. INFORMATION FACILITY. GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY. Dr Nick King Executive Director GBIF. WWW.GBIF.ORG. Building the Biodiversity Informatics Commons. Context. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
GLOBALBIODIVERSITYGLOBALBIODIVERSITYINFORMATIONFACILITY
Dr Nick KingExecutive DirectorGBIF WWW.GBIF.O
RG
GBIF – Strategic Perspectives on building the Biodiversity
Informatics Commons
Building the Biodiversity Informatics Commons
TDWG Annual Meeting9-13 Nov 2009, Montpellier
Context
ContextThird year of Strategic Plan 07-11, of moving GBIF ”from prototype towards full operation”
- how far are we?
07-11 Strategic Plan, to: 1. Make a whole world of biodiversity data
that are currently exceedingly difficult to access freely and universally available via the Internet;
2. Enable scientific research that has never before been possible; and
3. Facilitate the use of scientific data in biodiversity policy- and decision-making.
Millenium Assessment (2005)
“Balance sheet more red than black”
Nature Vol 461: 24 Sept 2009
Living on credit….
Living on credit….
Fishing Down the Food Web….
5
4
3
2
Tro
phic
leve
l
0
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
1 200 000
1895 1905 1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
Are
a, k
m2
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
Num
ber
of s
ites
Grow th of the nationally designated protected areas in 39 EEA countries Source – EEA 2009
Growth of the nationally designated protected areas in 39 EEA countries Source – EEA 2009
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Common farmland birds
Common forest birds
All common birds
Com m on birds in Europe, population index (1980 = 100)
Common birds in Europe, population index (1980 = 100)
Needs for Biodiv information?
Needs for Biodiv information?
CBD Decision VIII/11: Scientific and technical cooperation and the CHM
“Invites Parties and other Governments to provide free and open access to all past, present and future public-good research results, assessments, maps and databases on biodiversity, in accordance with national and international legislation …”
Open Access: International mandates
The (OECD) governments (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Russian Federation, the Slovak Republic, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the UK, and the US):
DECLARE THEIR COMMITMENT TO work towards the establishment of access regimes for digital research data from public funding in accordance with the following objectives and principles:
Openness: balancing the interests of open access to data to increase the quality and efficiency of research and innovation with the need for restriction of access in some instances to protect social, scientific and economic interests …
OECD/CST Science, Technology and Innovation for the 21st Century, 29-30 Jan 2004
Open Access: International mandates
Establishment of GBIF originally endorsed by Science Ministers to the OECD, 2000
data provider / aggregator
GBIF is a global science/informatics research infrastructure:
What is GBIF?
- promoting global participation, working through and linking up a global network of participants;
- enabling publishing of biodiversity data;- promoting development of data
capture & exchange standards;- building an informatics architecture;
- building capacity;- catalysing development of analytical tools.
GBIF’s Mandate
”To facilitate free and open access to biodiversity data worldwide, via the Internet, to underpin scientific research, conservation and sustainable development.”
The GBIF Secretariat role is to be a facilitator, catalyst and service provider to the globalBI community, particularly in service to govts, as a global ‘public good’ initiative
Growth in GBIF Participation
Growth in GBIF Participation
NB: Drop in Associate Participants in 2007 is attributable to delays in signing the new MOU 2007-2011
39
51
63
7278 81 79
88
96
GBIF Country Participants
GBIF Country Participants
Currently 53 countries…
• Argentina• Australia• Belgium• Canada• Costa Rica• Denmark• Equatorial
Guinea• Estonia• Finland• France• Germany
• Iceland• Ireland• Japan• Korea, Rep. Of• Mauritania• Mexico• Netherlands• New Zealand • Norway• Peru
• Portugal• Slovakia• Slovenia• South Africa• Spain• Sweden• Tanzania• United
Kingdom• Uruguay• USA
GBIF Voting Participants 2009: 31
GBIF Voting Participants 2009: 31
• Austria• Benin• Bulgaria• Burkina Faso• Cameroon• Colombia• Cuba
• Ghana• Guinea• India• Kenya• Indonesia• Luxembourg• Madagascar
• Morocco• Nicaragua• Pakistan• Philippines• Poland• Switzerland• Togo• Uganda
GBIF Associate Country Participants 2009: 22
GBIF Associate Country Participants 2009: 22
• ACB• ANDINONET• BioNET-ASEANET• BioNET-EASIANET• BioNET-
INTERNATIONAL• BioNET-SAFRINET• Bioversity
International• BGCI• CABI Bioscience• CBOL• CETAF• Chinese Taipei• CYTED• Discover Life
• DIVERSITAS• EOL• ETI
Bioinformatics• EWT• Finding Species• FreshwaterLife• IABIN• ICIMOD• ICIPE• ICZN• ILTER• ISIS• ITIS• MSEF• NSCA
• NatureServe• NORDGEN• OBIS• PBIF• SCAR• SINEPAD• SMEBD• Species 2000• SPNHC
• TDWG• UNEP-WCMC• WDCBE• WFCC• Wildscreen
Int. Organisation Participants 2009: 43
Int. Organisation Participants 2009: 43
GBIF Working PrinciplesGBIF Working Principles
Worldwide network of collaborating institutions that share data (data publishers) — not central compilation;
Ownership of data remains entirely with publishers;
Open, standardised schemas for data sharing — software free to data publishers;
GBIF Participant Nodes promote and coordinate activities of data publishers;
”Towards full operation” = increasing decentralisation and ownership
GBIFS
ReBIF
NBIFImproving outreach, promoting ownership, growing benefits…the next generation of GBIF…
Building Community Ownership
Nodes: from IT gateway to Participant BIF
Nodes: from IT gateway to Participant BIF
Build capacity
Help identify data and information
gapsEngage data holders
Promote best practices in data management
Identify user communities – assess end user needs
Help address data & information needs
Implement informatics
infrastructure
Coordinate data sharing
activities
Helpdesk
Help develop information products and services
Help formulate and adopt data sharing and manahgement policies
Participa
nt BIF
Promote online publication of
scientific data
How formal mandates affect capacity and resourcing
How formal mandates affect capacity and resourcing
Participants leading…France
Participants leading…France
Train the trainers…
Train the trainers…
Spatial Analysis
Spatial Analysis
Spatial Analysis
Spatial Analysis
Partnerships: UNEP-WCMC (WDPA)
Partnerships: UNEP-WCMC (WDPA)
Spatial analysis and integration
Spatial analysis and integration
Forests (using GBIF-enabled data)
Forests (using GBIF-enabled data)
Three major plant families and selected a range of forest-based genera:
FamilySpecies analysed
Genera analysed
Number of Records in GBIF with
Coordinates
Dipterocarpaceae 37 9 705Meliaceae 22 16 701Sterculiaceae 388 49 13582
Using GBIF data in CC models
Using GBIF data in CC models
Sterculiaceae (Meliaceae, Dipterocapaceae)
Summary of CC impacts
Summary of CC impacts
All families and genera suffer >50% habitat loss; Some gain in potential, but this would require
migration and suitable ecological niche (for forests) at destination;
Important implications for REDD and other CC adaptation/mitigation programmes
FamilyAverage habitat
loss
Average habitat
expansion
Percent of species with
more than 50% loss
Percent of species with
more than 90% loss
Dipterocarpaceae 57.1 34.4 56.8 40.5Meliaceae 50.6 29.6 54.5 18.2Sterculiaceae 51.0 32.8 50.3 12.4
Agriculture and climate change
Agriculture and climate change
The geography of crop suitability
The geography of crop suitability
Crop SpeciesArea
Harvested (k Ha)
Alfalfa Medicago sativa L. 15214Apple Malus sylvestris Mill. 4786Banana Musa acuminata Colla 4180Barley Hordeum vulgare L. 55517Common Bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. 26540Common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench 2743Cabbage Brassica oleracea L.v capi. 3138Cashew nuts Anacardium occidentale L. 3387Cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz. 18608Chick pea Cicer arietinum L. 10672Clover Trifolium repens L. 2629Cocoa bean Theobroma cacao L. 7567Coconut Cocos nucifera L. 10616Coffee Coffea arabica L. 10203Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. 34733Cow peas Vigna unguiculata unguic. L 10176Grapes Vitis vinifera L. 7400Groundnut Arachis hypogaea L. 22232Lentil Lens culinaris Medikus 3848Linseed Linum usitatissimum L. 3017Maize Zea mays L. s. mays 144376Mango Mangifera indica L. 4155Millet Panicum miliaceum L. 32846Natural rubber Hevea brasiliensis (Willd.) 8259
Natural rubber Hevea brasiliensis (Willd.) 8259Oats Avena sativa L. 11284Oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. 13277Olive Olea europaea L. 8894Onion Allium cepa L. v cepa 3341Oranges Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck 3618Pea Pisum sativum L. 6730Pigeon pea Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill ssp 4683Plantain bananas Musa balbisiana Colla 5439Potato Solanum tuberosum L. 18830Rapeseed Brassica napus L. 27796Rice Oryza sativa L. s. japonica 154324Rye Secale cereale L. 5994Perennial reygrass Lolium perenne L. 5516Sesame seed Sesamum indicum L. 7539Sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench 41500Perennial soybean Glycine wightii Arn. 92989Sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. v vulgaris 5447Sugarcane Saccharum robustum Brandes 20399Sunflower Helianthus annuus L v macro 23700Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. 8996Tea Camellia sinensis (L) O.K. 2717Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. 3897Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum M. 4597Watermelon Citrullus lanatus (T) Mansf 3785Wheat Triticum aestivum L. 216100Yams Dioscorea rotundata Poir. 4591
Current suitability for agriculture
Current suitability for agriculture
No. of crops
Future suitability -2050
Future suitability -2050
18 GCM models, A2a scenario
Number of crops that lose out
Number of crops that lose out
Number of crops that gain
Number of crops that gain
IAS – 100 Worst Invaders list
IAS – 100 Worst Invaders list
GBIF-enabled data mean of 14,800 records per species. Need >~20 unique occurrence points for robust model development (83 of 100 Worst Invaders list).
Asian longhorn beetle
TEEB study
TEEB study
The `Stern report´ equivalent for biodiversity loss, 2009
Biodiversity, Ecosystem s, and their Services (TEEB study, 2009)
Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and their Services (TEEB study, 2009)
Change inEconomic
Value
InternationalPolicies
Changein
Land use,Climate,
Pollution,Water use
OECDBaselinescenario
ChangeIn
EcosystemServices
Changein
Biodiversity
Changein
Ecosystemfunctions
Change inEconomic
Value
InternationalPolicies
Changein
Land use,Climate,
Pollution,Water use
OECDBaselinescenario
ChangeIn
EcosystemServices
Changein
Biodiversity
Changein
Ecosystemfunctions
Change inEconomic
Value
InternationalPolicies
Changein
Land use,Climate,
Pollution,Water use
OECDBaselinescenario
ChangeIn
EcosystemServices
Changein
Biodiversity
Changein
Ecosystemfunctions
Quelle: Dr Carsten Neßhöver, Heidi Wittmer & Christoph Schröter-Schlaack, UFZ
Management, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity
Policy development and decision
making (at local, national, regional, and global levels)
Scientific monitoring of status and trends of
biodiversity
GBIF-published data and analyses
The Science-Policy Interface
Influencing Policy - Japan
Influencing Policy - Japan Large- and small-mouth bass
introduced from N. America; predatory, huge impact on indigenous spp.
Japanese policymakers needed to know which areas of the country are most at risk from invasion
Used N. American locality data (from GBIF) to establish EN, applied ENM to Japan and tested with (GBIF) locality records – very high correlation.
Instrumental in convincing authorities to develop IAS Act
Iguchi, K., et al. 2004. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 133:845-854.
The Japanese Diet passed its IAS Act in June 2004; first list of IAS, based on Act, passed in June 2005.
‘towards full operation’…
‘towards full operation’…
07-11 Strategic Plan, to: Make a whole world of biodiversity data that are
currently exceedingly difficult to access freely and universally available via the Internet;
Enable scientific research that has never before been possible; and
Facilitate the use of scientific data in biodiversity policy- and decision-making.
“Achieving the ambitions laid out in these plans will require a great deal of involvement and funding from GBIF’s Participants and other partners and stakeholders.”
The Challenge now?
The problems are rising
exponentially;
Linear responses will not help solve
them!
Access to GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION can only be achieved by all in the BI community
working together – that’s what GBIF was established for!
We can make a difference;
We must make a difference – not only is it needed, only then can policy-makers justify investing in biodversity informatics!
The Global Biodiversity Information Facility