gis in geology miloš marjanović lesson 3 14.10.2010

GIS IN GEOLOGY

Miloš MarjanovićLesson 314.10.2010.

GIS in Geological Mapping

Case study: Geological map 1:50 000, Sheet Prijepolje, SW Serbia by Marko Krstić and Uroš Stojadinović

Methodology:− Geological Mapping− GIS - using extensions to manage the database

Data resources:− Existing geological map (OGK-Basic Geological Map)

1:100 000− Field work data (tectonic analysis)

Accent on multidisciplinary organizational aspects of using GIS (DBMS) trough GeolISS (Geological Informational System of Serbia)


Contouring and surface modeling

General statistics

Spread- sheets

Geostatistics

Image Processing

(IP)

Artificial Intelligence(AI)

Desktop and Web

publishing

Desktop mapping

Database Management Systems

(DBMS)

Computer Aided

Drawing (CAD)

Geographic Information

System (GIS)


Methodology

Standard geological mapping

Geological mapping and tectonic analysis coupled with GIS


Mapping procedure (general + aided by desktop/mobile GIS hw/sw)

1. Preliminary phase Previous geological interpretations (existing geological maps of the area

at different scales)

Literature: published (preferably the recent articles and monographs) and archived within different surveys (geological, cartographic/geodetic, hydrological and so forth sometimes a special permission is required)

Remote Sensing interpretations (airborne or satellite images and related products), if applicable in the area (vegetation, scale of the research and so on)


Mapping procedure (aided by desktop and mobile GIS hw/sw solutions)

2. Field work Assembling the equipment and planning the investigation

On the site: Locating the outcrop(GPS) Sketching the geometry (assessing or using measuring devices, e.g. distancemeters) Geological setting (lithological composition, age and structural features of the rock mass)

General appearance of the mass (morphology, vegetation, texture) and physical properties (thickness, color, moisture content, weathering)

Lithological composition – determination of rock genesis, type, species if possible + sampling

Relative age assessment (stratification, fossil samples) Structural elements (measuring and statistics of strike/dip) Secondary processes Photo-documenting (scaled-scientific Photography)

Keeping the written records (measurements, observations, sample charts, comments) in the diary


Technical equipment: Geological hammer Geological compass Distancemeter GPS PDA


1

2

3

4

Walking the planned route (commonly down the streams or cliffs)

Locating the site

Recognition

Measuring

Sampling

Filling in the diary

Repeating…


Mapping procedure (aided by desktop and mobile GIS hw/sw solutions)

3. Feeding the database

Assembling the data after the route (not necessary in PDA scenario) and performing preliminary analysis with temporary version of result

4. Interpreting the geological setting of the area

Graphically Geological map with equipment (column, cross-section, standardized legend) Diagrams (of structural, paleontological, stratigraphic or other analysis) Thematic maps (tectonic, structural, stratigraphic, palinspastic, paleogeographic

and so forth)

Textually Textual interpretation of the map


GeolISS conceptual model 5 entities (concept, observations, description, spatial

entities, metadata) related trough ontology of their semantics (OWL)

UML Emphasizes multidisciplinarity Shortcoming is a single-lingual solution (so far)


GeolISS conceptual model Geological unit

Litological composition Geological structure Geological age


Smaller storage capacity is needed

More suitable for symbolization (Layout-friendly)

Easier for DBMS registration Easily updated and

maintained Easier to transfer projection Convertible to rasters when

needed

Pros for vector data type

Overlaying of multiple vector layers and performing simultaneous analysis over single points not easily feasible

Cons for vector data type


Vector data types1. Points: boreholes, wells, observation/sampling points

2. Lines: geological structures (boundaries, layers, faults…)

3. Polygons: geological (or related) units


GeolISS toolbars

Editing (expanding and maintaining) Quering (also available as standalone version) Exporting (Personal DB and SQL)

Web Apploications

http://www.rgf.bg.ac.rs/geolissterm/Index.aspx


Location of the study area


Local geological column task!?

Geological evolution of the area:

Altered bedrock, uplift – regression (C), gradient subsidence or transgression (P-T), deepening and intermediate submarine volcanism (T), closing of oceanic basin and obduction (J), subsidence and then uplift (K), subsidence or transgression followed by acidic magmatism (Pg), basaltic volcanism (Ng), end of the shallow basin succession in (Ng-Q)


Field investigation

Mesosoic platform: radial tectonisation of meta-sediments overlain by limestone succession

Ultra-maffic plate: faulted and disjointed parties of serpentinites and associated species

Sub-ophyolitic complex: chaotic and heavily tectonized parties of different associations (clastic, igneous and metamorphic)

Neogenic basins: limestone deposits, slightly affected


Field investigation

Mesosoic platform: radial tectonisation of meta-sediments overlain by limestone succession

Ultra-maffic plate: faulted and disjointed parties of serpentinites and associated species

Sub-ophyolitic complex: chaotic and heavily tectonized parties of different associations (clastic, igneous and metamorphic)

Neogenic basins: limestone deposits, slightly affected

NDss 1

Axial Σ = 32

E

+6S

+18S

+28S

N

Dss 5

Axial Σ = 32

E

+6S

+18S

+28S

N

DSf 1

Axial Σ = 20

E

+6S

+18S

+28S

Embedding in GIS Recognizing the pattern of tectonic behavior Tectonic classification (as alternative classification within

GeolISS) Launching alternative classification tool Starting of editing and selecting polygons Classifying by unifying



Final outputs - Map of tectonic units (an example of feasibility)

1. Neogenic basins

2. Durmitor zone

3. Ophyolitic complex

4. Zlatibor zone


Final outputs - Geological map (+ column, section and legend) Legend (formational):

units

symbols

GIS IN GEOLOGY

Miloš MarjanovićExercise 214.10.2010.

Exercise 2 – Field work

Perform the geological field work: Posit the outcrop on a GPS device Orientate and sketch the outcrop Basic observations – define the geological

setting Take a sample of a rock mass Measure geological structures Complete the log

Exercise 2 – Field work

gis in geology miloš marjanović lesson 3 14.10.2010

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