gi jeopardy! gi jeopardy!. 25 a & p gi tests upper gi problems lower gi problems 50 75 50 25 75...
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GIJEOPARDY!
GIJEOPARDY!
2525
A & P GI TestsUpper GI Problem
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Lower GI Problems
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A
Name 3 physical factors and 1 psychological factor which can affect the function of the GI tract. (Be specific).
A & P:A & P: 25 pts 25 pts
Answer: A&P 25 ptsAnswer: A&P 25 ptsMobilityDiet:
Fat / Fiber / Spices ETOH / caffeine
Medication:ASA / NSAIDS / APAPAntacids / Antibiotics
SmokingStress / Anxiety
A & P: 50 ptsA & P: 50 pts
Part 1: This structure prevents reflux
/ regurgitation of stomach secretions into the esophagus.
Part 2: This structure prevents
aspiration of fluids / solids into the trachea. A
Answer: A&P 50 Answer: A&P 50 ptspts
What is the LES (Lower Esophageal Sphincter)? Remains contracted most of the time Relaxes for swallowing / belching / vomiting
What is the epiglottis? Opens breathing / talking Closes eating / drinking
A & P: 75 ptsA & P: 75 pts
This substance is needed for Vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine.
(Name the substance and where it is made).
A
Answer: A&P 75 Answer: A&P 75 ptspts
What isIntrinsic Factor
(which is made in the stomach)?
A & P: 100 ptsA & P: 100 pts
This is where digestion is completed and most absorption takes place.
A
Answer: A&P 100 Answer: A&P 100 ptspts
What is the small intestine?
23 feet for absorption
Inflammation / disease or removal of part of the bowel will result in less absorption of essential nutrients / calories.
A & P: 150 ptsA & P: 150 pts
This organ:
Regulates glucose(by storing / breaking down glycogen);
Stores nutrients (vitamins, minerals, proteins);
Makes essential nutrients (clotting factors, transferrin, proteins, bile);
Breaks down substances / wastes. (cholesterol, RBC, protein, meds) A
Answer: A&P 150 Answer: A&P 150 ptspts
What is the liver?If damaged / diseased can
lead to: bilirubin / ammonia levels glucose levelsBleeding problems cholesterol levelsDrug toxicity
A & P: 200 ptsA & P: 200 pts
This organ supports the GI system by releasing many enzymes needed to promote digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.(Name the organ and 3 enzymes it produces). A
Answer: A&P 200 Answer: A&P 200 ptsptsWhat is the pancreas?
Enzymes it produces:Amylase carbohydrates
Lipase fat Trypsin / Peptidase proteins
Bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acids
GI Tests: 25 ptsGI Tests: 25 pts
A
This physical assessment technique is done to localize the area of pain in the abdomen.
Answer: GI Tests 25 Answer: GI Tests 25 ptspts What is rebound tenderness?
Remember:Auscultate 1st (2-5 mins in each quadrant),
then palpate or irrigate NG
Palpate most painful area last!!
GI Tests: 50 ptsGI Tests: 50 pts
This test looks for hidden blood in the stool.
A
Answer: GI Tests 50 Answer: GI Tests 50 ptspts
What is a Guaiac / Hemoccult test?
**Should be done on a yearly basis, starting at age 50, to screen for colorectal cancer!!
GI Tests: 75 ptsGI Tests: 75 ptsThis invasive procedure requires:
Informed consent;
Clear liquids day prior / NPO after midnoc;Laxatives / enemas before;IV conscious sedation.
A flexible tube with a lighted scope is inserted into the large intestine during this procedure.
A
Answer: GI Tests 75 Answer: GI Tests 75 ptspts What is a colonscopy?
Direct visualization of colon
(polyps, diverticuli, masses)
Gold standard for Colon Cancer screening / dx
(done q 10 years & prn based on findings)
Expect cramping / flatus after testMonitor for bleeding / perforation /
infection after test
GI Tests: 100 ptsGI Tests: 100 pts
This test requires:NPO 8-12 hrs before;Ingestion of liquid barium;Laxatives / fluids after.
A
Answer: GI Tests 100 Answer: GI Tests 100 pts pts What is an UGI Series / Barium Swallow? (SBFT: Small Bowel Follow Through)
Looking for: strictures / masses / hernias Stools will be white after the test
FYI:
LGI Series (Lower GI Series) / Barium Enema
Looking for polyps, lesions, diverticuli Requires laxatives / enemas before
GI Tests: 150 ptsGI Tests: 150 ptsThis invasive procedure requires:
Informed consent;
NPO status;IV conscious sedation;Lidocaine spray to numb the throat.
A flexible lighted scope is passed through the esophagus, stomach and into the duodenum during this procedure. A
Answer: GI Tests 150 Answer: GI Tests 150 ptspts What is an EGD?
(Esophagogastroduodenoscopy)Direct visualization of upper GI tractLooking for:
GERD / Ulcers / Hiatal HerniaBx / cautery / removal
After test: Protect airway
NPO until gag reflex returns and pt is awake HOB elevated / side-lying position
Monitor for bleeding / perforation / infection
GI Tests: 200 ptsGI Tests: 200 ptsThis noninvasive procedure requires:
NPO 2-6 hrs before test;No smoking 8-12 hrs before test.
It is usually the 1st test done to visualize the size / shape / integrity of internal organs of the abdomen.
A
Answer: GI Tests 200 Answer: GI Tests 200 ptspts
What is an Abdominal Ultrasound?
Notes: Gallstones / Obstructions / Masses Appendicitis / Liver enlargement
Upper GI Probs: 25 Upper GI Probs: 25 ptspts
A
Risk factors include:5 F’s: Female, Fat, 40, Fertile, Family;Sedentary lifestyle;High fat diet;Trauma / infection to area.
(Name disease process & 2 common S/S).
Answer: UGI Probs 25 Answer: UGI Probs 25 ptsptsWhat is Gall Bladder Disease?
(Cholelithiasis: gallstones)(Cholecystitis: inflammation of GB)
S/S: Indigestion / N/V / heartburn & flatulence
(esp after high fat meal) RUQ pain (biliary colic) radiation to shoulder /
back (Demerol: drug of choice to decrease spasms)
Tachycardia, diaphoresis, fever, restlessnessObstruction (D/T stones in bile duct):
Jaundice / White, clay-colored stools Bleeding problems Pancreatitis / Hepatitis
Upper GI Probs: 50 Upper GI Probs: 50 ptspts
This syndrome is treated with:
Dietary changes No spices, citrus, fatty foods,
No caffeine, ETOH
Lifestyle changes Small freq meals
No bedtime snacks Bed up on blocks
Wt loss / No smoking
Meds Antacids / H2 blockers / PPI.
(Name syndrome, 2 causes and 2 S/S).A
Answer: UGI Probs 50 Answer: UGI Probs 50 ptspts
What is GERD?(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Causes:
Weakened LES
Delayed gastric emptyingImpaired esophageal motilityHiatal Hernia
S/S (esp after eating irritating foods):Pyrosis (heartburn)
Regurgitation (sour liquid coming up throat)Sore throat / hoarseness / lump in throatPost meal N/V & fullnessResp S/S (wheezing / cough / SOB) due to aspiration
Upper GI Probs: 75 Upper GI Probs: 75 ptspts
What type of medications can be used to treat GERD?
(Name 3 categories of medications and an example of each).
A
Answer: UGI probs 75 Answer: UGI probs 75 ptspts
Antacids:Maalox / Mylanta
Histamine (H2) Blockers:Zantac / Pepcid / Axid / Tagamet
Proton Pump Inhibitors:Prilosec / Nexium / Protonix / Aciphex /
PrevacidOther meds:
Antiulcer meds: Carafate / GavisconProkinetic agents: ReglanCholinergic agents: Urecholine
Surgical tx: when diet / meds fail, HH, complications Nissen Fundoplication
Upper GI Probs:100 Upper GI Probs:100 ptspts
This disease process is caused by:Irritating foods / caffeine Smoking / ETOHMedications (ASA / NSAIDS / steroids)Bacteria (H. Pylori)
which can lead to GI bleeding / ulcers, anemia and gastric cancer if not treated.
(Name disease and 2 tx options). A
Answer: UGI Probs 100 Answer: UGI Probs 100 pts pts
What is Gastritis?
Tx options:Rest stomach
Treat nausea / painChange diet BLANDMedications: Antacids, H2 blockers, PPI
Antibiotics Vit B12 (chronic gastritis)
Upper GI Probs: 150 Upper GI Probs: 150 ptspts. This invasive procedure includes the insertion of a lighted scope into the esophagus, stomach and duodenum and back up into the common bile duct to retrieve stones or material causing obstruction and / or place stents.
A
Answer: UGI probs 150 Answer: UGI probs 150 ptspts What is an ERCP? (Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography)
Important: **Monitor for pancreatitis after procedure
(due to manipulation of common bile duct)
Upper GI Probs: 200 Upper GI Probs: 200 ptspts
Describe the medical and surgical treatment options for a client with GB disease.
A
Answer: UGI probs 200 Answer: UGI probs 200 ptsptsMedical Tx for GB disease:
Tx S/S: pain, nausea, infection, fluids / lytes
Stone removal / duct dilatationLow fat diet
Surgical Tx for GB disease:Lap vs Open Cholecystectomy
Routine post-op careDrains: T-tube—to keep duct openRight shoulder pain: D/T CO2
movement
Lower GI Probs: 25 Lower GI Probs: 25 ptspts
Part 1: These are out-pouchings of the large
intestine (sigmoid colon) caused by age and / or lack of fiber and fluid in the diet.
Part 2:These are excess growths that project into the bowel (sigmoid colon) and are often seen and removed during a routine colonoscopy. A
Answer: LGI Probs 25 Answer: LGI Probs 25 ptspts
What are diverticuli? Usually asymptomatic until inflamed
(diverticulitis) which can lead to increased pain, fever, bleeding, obstruction &/or perforation.
What are polyps? Usually asymptomatic / benign All polyps are considered abnormal
(a risk factor for colon cancer) and removed
Lower GI Probs: 50 Lower GI Probs: 50 ptspts This disease process occurs more often in teenage males and is caused by a blockage / build up of stool, lymph tissue or foreign material.
(Name disease & 2 common S/S).
A
Answer: LGI Probs 50 Answer: LGI Probs 50 ptsptsWhat is an Appendicitis?
S/S: Periumbilical / RLQ pain
Rebound tendernessMuscle guardingAnorexia / N/V / fever
Tx: Control pain (ice / no heat,
limit narcotics until dx made) Confirm dx (Ultrasound / CT scan) Prompt surgical removal
Lower GI Probs: 75 Lower GI Probs: 75 ptspts
The S/S of this problem include:Rigid / board-like abdomen;Abdominal distention;Abd pain / tenderness;Absence of bowel sounds;Tachycardia / tachypnea;Fever / diaphoresis.
A
Answer: LGI Probs 75 Answer: LGI Probs 75 ptspts What is peritonitis?
Can be caused by:Perforation of internal abd organ(appendix / bowel / diverticuli /
ulcer)
Can lead to Sepsis ShockOrgan failure Death!
Requires: Prompt recognition / tx!!**Need to support ABC’s 1st,
then investigate / tx the cause.
Lower GI Probs: 100 Lower GI Probs: 100 ptspts How does tx of
diverticulosis differ from tx of diverticulitis?
A
Answer: LGI Probs 100 Answer: LGI Probs 100 ptspts
Tx of Diverticulosis:
Increase fiber / fluids (no nuts, seeds, popcorn)
Bulk laxativesAnticholinergics: short term useWt lossDecrease intra-abd pressure
Tx of Diverticulitis: Acute situation!!Bowel rest: NPO / IV fluids
Bed restIV antibiotics? Surgery: needed in 30% of cases
Lower GI Probs: 150 Lower GI Probs: 150 ptspts
Where do intestinal obstructions occur most often and why?
(Name location and2 mechanical causes &2 non-mechanical causes).
A
Answer: LGI Probs 150 Answer: LGI Probs 150 ptspts
Small Intestine(23 feet of narrow bowel)
Mechanical causes:Adhesions / scar tissue
HerniasNeoplasms / tumorsTwisted bowel
Non-mechanical causes:
Lack of nerve stimuli
Lack of blood flow (emboli / ischemia)Paralytic ileus / ImmobilityElectrolyte imbalance (low K+ levels)
Infection
Lower GI Probs: 200 Lower GI Probs: 200 ptspts
Name three common S/S of a bowel obstruction and how they are treated:medically vs surgically.
A
Answer: LGI Probs 200 Answer: LGI Probs 200 ptsptsS/S: N/V (esp with SBO)
Abdominal pain / distentionTympanic or absent bowel soundsNo flatus or BM
Medical tx: Surgical tx:Support ABC’s!! Bowel rx / anastomosisThorough GI assessment: Bowel rx / ostomy
BS / N/V / pain / firmness Stoma: beefy red / moist
Decompress bowel: edematous
NG to LIS / NG management shrinks as it heals
Maintain fluid / electrolyte balanceIV fluids / NPO / I&O
Ambulate