Unit 3: Introduction to Information Systems and MIS

First Answer this questions:

• What is Data ?• What is information and its

attributes ?• What is MIS ?

AgendaTPS,OAS,DSS,ESS,ISS

ISs (Information Systems)

But first what is :

System and Subsystem ?

System and Subsystem

Report Generator

Account Department

HR Department

Marketing Department

Production Department

Definition• System : A system is an array of component

that work together to achieve a common goal (or multiple ).

• Subsystem : A system consist of several

subsystem- component of larger system-with sub goals , all contributing to meeting the main goal.

Now what is Information System ?

• It consist of all the component that work together to process data and produce information.

• It consist of many systems with sub goals , all contributing to the organization’s main goal

Four Stages of Processing in IS

Component of Information System :

• Data• Hardware• Software• Telecommunication• People

Data It is a input the system takes

produce information.

Hardware• A computer and its peripheral

equipment : input , output and storage devices

Software• Sets of instructions that tell the computer How to : • take data in • process it • display information • store data and information

Telecommunication• Hardware and software that facilitate fast

transmission and reception of text , picture , sound and animation in the form of electronic data.

People • Information system professionals and

users.

Lets look at

TYPES of Information System/MIS

Overview

, OAS

TPS ( Transactional Processing System)

• Transaction processing is a style of computing that divides work into individual, indivisible operations, called transactions.

• A transaction processing system (TPS) is a software system, or software/hardware combination, that supports transaction processing .

• Ex. Purchasing Tickets , Withdrawing money cancel appointment.

Types of TPS• Online transaction processing

• Batch transaction processing

Online Transaction Processing(OLTP)

• It involves a direct connection between the operator and the TPS program.

• It provide immediate results• It used to process a single transaction at a time• Ex:

Batch Processing System• In this type transaction are grouped

together and processed as unit• Ex: Cheque processing system in bank

Features of TPS• Performance• Continuous availability• Data integrity• Ease of use• Modular growth

Performance• Fast performance with a rapid

response time is critical.

Continues Availability• The system must be available during the

time period when the users are entering transactions.

Data Integrity• Multiple users must be protected from

attempting to change the same piece of data at the same time.

• Ex: two operators cannot sell the same seat on an airplane

Ease of use• The system should be simple for them to

understand.

Modular growth• It should be possible to add, replace, or update

hardware and software components without shutting down the system.

OAS (Office automation System)• Information system developed to make office more

efficient called the office automation system (OAS).

• A variety of office automation systems are now applied to business and communication functions. Saving both time and money.

Types of functions • Electronic publishing• Electronic communication• Image processing• Office management.

Electronic Publishing• Electronic publishing systems include

word processing and desktop publishing.

Electronic Communication• Electronic communication systems

include electronic mail (), voice mail, facsimile (fax), and desktop video conferencing

e-mailvoice mail fax

Image Processing• Imaging systems convert text, drawings,

and photographs into digital form that can be stored in a computer system.

Office Management• These systems provide an electronic means of

organizing people, projects, and data.

Time for 5 min Break

Before going furthertell your decisions about :

Daily Weekly

Yearly Lifetime

DSS (Decision Support System)• Decision support systems (DSS) are interactive

software-based systems intended to help managers in decision-making.

• A decision support system helps in decision-making but does not necessarily give a decision itself.

Types of DSS• Status Inquiry System• Data Analysis System• Information Analysis System• Accounting System

Status Inquiry System• It helps in taking operational,

management level, or middle level management decisions

• For example daily schedules of jobs to machines or machines to operators.

Data Analysis System• It needs comparative analysis and makes

use of formula or an algorithm• For example cash flow analysis,

inventory analysis etc.

Information Analysis System• In this system data is analyzed and the

information report is generated. • For example, sales analysis, accounts

receivable systems, market analysis etc.

Accounting System• It keeps track of accounting and finance

related information.• For example, final account, accounts

receivables, accounts payables.

Attributes of a DSS• Adaptability and flexibility• High level of Interactivity• Efficiency and effectiveness• Complete control by decision-makers• Standalone, integrated, and Web-based

ESS/EIS (Executive Support System)

• These information are often external, unstructured and even uncertain.

• This information is intelligence based:– Market intelligence– Investment intelligence– Technology intelligence

Characteristics of the ESS

• Informational characteristics• User interface/orientation

characteristics• Managerial / executive characteristics

Informational characteristics• Flexibility and ease of use. • Provides the timely information with the

short response time and also with the quick retrieval.

• Produces the correct information.• Produces the relevant information.• Produces the validated information.

User interface/orientation characteristics

• Contains the user friendly interfaces • consisting of the graphic user.• Can be used from many places.• Offers secure reliable, confidential access along with the

access procedure.• Is very much customized.• Suites the management style of the individual

executives.

Managerial / executive characteristics

• Supports the over all vision, mission and the strategy.

• Sometimes helps to deal with the situations that have a high degree of risk.

• Is linked to the value added business processes.• Supports the need/ access for/ to the external

data/ databases.• Is very much result oriented in the nature.

Advantages of ESS• Easy for upper level executive to use• Enhance personal thinking and decision-making• Enhance organizational competitiveness in the

market place• Better reporting system• Time management• Increased communication capacity and quality

Difference between MIS,DSS &ESSDimension MIS DSS ESSFocus Information

processingAnalysis, decision Support

Status Access

Principal Use Control Planning, Organizing, staffing and control

Tracking and control

Treatment of Information

Information is provided to a diversified group of users who then manipulate it or summarizeit as needed

Information provided by the EIS/or MIS is used as an inputto the DSS

Filters and compresses the information, tracks critical data andinformation

Q & A

You can now answer this questions:

• What is ISs?• What is TPS?• What is OAS?• What is DSS?• What is ESS/EIS?• Difference between MIS,DSS&ESS?