ggb1 presentation
DESCRIPTION
Details of pertinent research and some conclusions from the book The Graves of the Golden Bear, Ancient Fortresses and Monuments of the Ohio ValleyTRANSCRIPT
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Columbus Discovered Americaand other
Lies My GovernmentTold Me
Rick Osmon
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Most Persistent Lies
Columbus “Discovered America” and was a “Great Explorer” and “Great Leader”
Columbus never set foot on North America
Columbus thought he was in India
Columbus' last voyage back to Spain was in chains
Columbus left 40 men behind so he could return to Spain
Columbus had a map of the West Indies
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Supporting Lie
No Europeans or anyone else reached America before Columbus
Vikings, Medieval Norse, Saint Brendan, Ancient Chinese, Ancient Romans, Ancient Greeks, Carthaginians, Phoenicians,
West Africans, Ancient Egyptians, Bell Beaker People, Solutriens, Ancient Hebrews, Japanese, Basques,
Polynesians, Prince Madoc AND King Arthur (both Welsh)
All reached America before Columbus
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Reason for the Lies
If proof surfaced of any other Christian culture reaching America before Columbus, the Land
Claims of the colonizing countries would be null and void.
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Who, What, Where, When, Why, How, How Long, How Much?
If there was a pre-Columbian Christian culture in America, the questions above become central to any further
investigation.
The evidence that we have is enough to address some of these in depth.
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Convention
“Who” = core culture indicated by evidence
“What” = type of evidence
“Where” = location of evidence discovery
“When” = given or discerned dates of evidence
“Why” = perceived reasons for presence in NA
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Caveats
North America
After 37 CE
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Who What Where When Why
Romans
9th Legion
Coins, swords, fortresses, amphorae,
Tablets / writing / languages
East of the Rockies, mostly
Ohio Valley
2nd to 5th
centuries CE
Secret trade network, religious
repression
(?) Crosses, Latin inscriptions
Tuscon, AZ Inscribed 560 Religious persecution
Welsh Armor, languages, native accounts, Welsh
records
Ohio Valley and tributaries
6th~7th
Centuries CE
Famine, Holy Grail
Irish
St Brendan
Church Records, petroglyphs, skeletal
remains
Ohio Valley 6th~7th
Centuries CE
Famine, evangelizing
Vikings/
Greenlanders
Longhouses, shops, ship nails, buttons
L'anseux Meadows,
Boston Harbor10th~14th
Centuries CE
Political and religious
repression
Medieval Norse Cistercians
Sagas, KRS, Spirit Pond, Hevenor, maps,
etc
Mostly East of Mississippi R,
OK, MO & Kansas
ca 1280~1400 Land claim
Knights Templar KRS (associative, S. Wolter)
Kensington MN 1362 Holy Grail, land claim
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One important type of artifact is not on the list
We don’t have a date for them
We don’t know who made them
But we can probably figure out why
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Fortresses
Forty five or more fortresses guarded the Ohio Valley and tributaries – only one remains comparatively intact: Lawrenceburg, IN
Materials were systematically removed from nearly all and reused (most became rail road grade & ballast)
Traces remain of others: Marietta, Ohio; Charlestown, IN; Merom, IN; Fort Mountain, GA; Fayette City, PA
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Charlestown, IN
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Edward T. Cox... and William Borden...reported—and speculated about—a "stone fort" located on top of Devil`s Backbone. A steep bluff spur at the confluence of Fourteen Mile Creek and the Ohio. Cox recognizedlong, artificial walls ten feet in height built at the edge of a 75-foot-high cliff that provided a natural stone wall. He also noted interior ditches and a series of at least five small stone mounds within an enclosed area of about ten to twelve acres. Further, Cox and Borden both reported shell-Tempered pottery and stone box graves at the site,which point to a Mississippian use of the locale, though not necessarily one associated with the stone mounds or the stone walls. The site locale, itself a fortified area on the Ohio River bluff offers a high vantage point for tracking movements along the river.
Prather Report
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―These features were subsequently reported by F. W. Putnam of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology but later questioned by Gerard Fowke, another geologist interested in archaeology. Fowke was highly critical of Cox`s assessment of the walls, saying his report was:'The worst publication of this character which has ever appeared in a scientific disguise … It seems incredible that a person connected in any capacity with a geological survey, even as a cook or mule-driver, could ever have made such a ridiculous blunder as to suppose them artificial.‘ Cox`s description is not unambiguous, but it does recognize that the artificial walls relate to the natural walls of the cliff.
Prather Report
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Traces at Devils Backbone
Photo credit / courtesy Lee Pennington
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More Traces at DBB
Photo credit / courtesy Lee Pennington
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Big Four Rail Bridge
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Merom, IN
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At least 43 other sites
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So we have the what and where, a good inkling of the why
Still need the who and the when
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The investigators at the Prather site, Cheryl Munson and Rob McCulloch, gave us a clue without realizing it.
“…artificial walls relate to the natural walls of the cliff.”
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Roman 9th watchtower in Portugal
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“It is a very substantial wall, and it does a very Roman thing where it
incorporates defensive aspects of the landscape that are already
present…”
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9th Legion
Base Image ©Google, 3D model made using Google SketchUp
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York Tower
Roman
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Archery-based fort at Angel Mounds
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Who was the 9th Legion?
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Soldiers of 9th Legion Oldest members from Iberia (grandsons or great grandsons of original recruits and later West Hispania Revolt)
Some from Rhine area of Netherlands
A handful were likely Macedonian
Possibly a few individuals from West or sub-Saharan Africa
By 117 CE, 9th had been in Britannia for >70 years continuously
By 117, Most 9th soldiers were either native Brit or were fully habituated and acculturated to Brit language, foods, beverages, art, writing
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9th Legion History
Recruited in Hispania, shipped to the Rhine, Macedonia, Britain, North Africa, Sicily, back to Spain, to Gaul, Back to Britain in 43 CE
Built Julius Caesar's bridge across the Rhine,Built both the wooden fortress (70~71 CE) and later stone fortress at York (dedicated 108 CE)
Disappeared from history in 117 CE (first year of Hadrian's reign), all except one officer who became governor of Arabia Petraea – the City of Petra -- in 142 CE (Lucius Aemilius Karus)
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Languages and ScriptsAmong 9th Legion
Latin – both Capitol and Provincial Alphabets
Cumry – Coelbren Alphabet
Basque – Early Basque Script (Arabic letters new since c. 880 CE )
Unknown name – Tartesso Script
Ptolemaic Greek, Macedonian dialect – Greek Alphabet
Aramaic/Hebrew – Hebrew Alphabet
Various Celtic Dialects – Ogham
All of which show up in North American Out of Place Artifacts
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9th LegionTech
What tech would we expect to find and how to
identify
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It's a Wash
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Aqueducts
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Aqueducts
Roman aqueduct at Chesters fort on Hadrian's Wall.
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WaterwheelsRome, Greece, Welsh, Norse used waterwheels extensively
“Overshot” most common / efficient, “undershot” found more in Scandinavia & Greece
Used to grind grain, saw wood, saw stone, hammer mill ore
All found at Miami Fort, Ohio, but denied by establishment
Remains: eroded / corroded metal hubs & bearings, fasteners, aqueducts, mill ponds
Millponds at East Fork
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Let Me Throw This Out There
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Scorpio
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Ballistae
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A Furh Piece
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Josephus describes the Roman “artillery engines” (or “stone projectors”) as “wonderfully constructed” and “the rocks which they hurled weighed a talent and had a range of two furlongs or more”
A furlong is a measure of distance in imperial units and U.S. customary units equal to one-eighth of a mile, equivalent to 220 yards, 660 feet, 40 rods, or 10 chains
A talent is interpreted as a weight somewhere between 70 and 100 modern pounds
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Ballista Remains
8, 16, 32 pound stone spheres
Square cross-section bronze or iron projectile points
Metal parts- triggers, pawls, stays (scutulas)
Perforated crania, scapula – other large bones (square perforations), indistinguishable from pike wounds unless accompanied by projectile
Several such perforated remains found in 1702 at “Massacre Island”, later
renamed Dauphine Island, AL
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Ballista Remains
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Hitting the High Spots
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Watch and Signal Towers
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Used 1st thru 3rd centuries in Britain, Pompei, Hispania
Archies say it had a cow's horn shaved thin, used as wind break that rotted away, functioned just like a hurricane lamp
High quality bronze construction, one foot is mismatch indicating repaired (soldered with lead/tin)
Now displayed at Ipswich Museum (free admission)
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This cows horn wasn't shaved very thin
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PA, WV, OH, KY, IN, & ILRife w/ Signal Towers/Hills/Mounds
Verified sites & sight lines
5 Mi
Base Image © Google
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Conclusions Roman IX Legion most likely builders of
fortresses, origin of “Welsh speaking Indians”, coins, swords, acculturated tech
Culdee Christians among Roman invaders Madoc & Arthur used Roman records to find &
re-use fortresses, had too few settlers/resources to defend them
Knights Templar found records in converted Culdee Abbeys & in Petra, possibly Jerusalem
Early Spanish and French colonial Gov'ts knew it and hid it to keep land claims, so did US!
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