getting to california neutrality act 1935 – due to the rise of dictatorships in europe and debts...
TRANSCRIPT
• Neutrality Act 1935 – due to the rise of dictatorships in Europe and debts from WWI not being paid, the United States would not sell weapons to countries at war
• Spanish Civil War – fascist leaders take over Spain as Italy and Germany test their weapons for war
• Neutrality Act 1937 – nonmilitary supplies would only be sold to warring nations on a “cash and carry” basis
• Axis Powers – Italy, Germany and Japan
• Anschluss – Hitler reunifies Austria and part of the Sudetenland with Germany in March 1938 (no shots fired)
• Munich Conference – France and Britain avoid war by appeasing (giving into demands) of Hitler allowing him to take over Czechoslovakia (Sept 1938) for his promise to not ask for more “Peace in our time….”
• Soviet-Nazi Pact – secret peace agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union that calls for the fascist and communist nations to divide Poland after the planned German invasion.
Ch 19 Sec 1/2: Neutrality v. War
Intro 2
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Chapter Objectives
• Explain why many Americans supported a policy of isolationism in the 1930s.
Section 1: America and the World
Section 2: World War II Begins• Explain why Hitler was able to take over
Austria and Czechoslovakia.
America Turns to Neutrality • The rise of dictatorships in Europe and Asia after World
War I, the refusal of European countries to repay war debts owed to the United States, and the Nye Committee findings that arms factories made huge profits caused Americans to support isolationism.
(pages 587–588)(pages 587–588)
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• Many Americans wanted to avoid international commitments.
America Turns to Neutrality
(pages 587–588)(pages 587–588)
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• Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1935 making it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war.
America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
(pages 587–588)(pages 587–588)
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• In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain with the government supported by the Soviet Union and Spanish Fascists led by Francisco Franco supported by Germany and Italy.
America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
(pages 587–588)(pages 587–588)
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• Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1937, which continued the ban of selling arms to countries at war and required warring countries to buy nonmilitary supplies from the United States on a “cash and carry” basis.
America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
(pages 587–588)(pages 587–588)
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• President Franklin D. Roosevelt supported internationalism.
• Internationalists believe that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps to prevent war.
America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
(pages 587–588)(pages 587–588)
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• Japan aligned itself with Germany and Italy, and these three countries became known as the Axis Powers.
America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
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• After Japan launched a full-scale attack on China in 1937, Roosevelt authorized the sale of weapons to China.
America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
(pages 587–588)(pages 587–588)
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• FDR stated that the Neutrality Act of 1937 did not apply, since neither China nor Japan had actually declared war.
America Turns to Neutrality (cont.)
(pages 587–588)(pages 587–588)
Many images from the Japanese invasion of China will be used in American propaganda newsreels after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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“Peace in Our Time”
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• In February 1938, Adolf Hitler threatened to invade Austria unless Austrian Nazis were given important government posts.
• In March 1938, Hitler announced the Anschluss, or unification, of Austria and Germany.
(pages 589–591)(pages 589–591)
• Hitler claimed the Sudetenland, an area of Czechoslovakia with a large German-speaking population.
“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
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• Czechs strongly resisted Germany’s demand for the Sudetenland.
• France, the Soviet Union, and Britain threatened to fight Germany if it attacked Czechoslovakia.
“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
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(pages 589–591)(pages 589–591)
• At the Munich Conference on September 29, 1938, Britain and France, hoping to prevent another war, agreed to Hitler’s demands in a policy known as appeasement.
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“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
(pages 589–591)(pages 589–591)
Although many people today criticize British Prime Minister Nevil Chamberlain for appeasing Hitler, many people celebrated him in 1938 for providing “Peace in our time”.
“Peace in our time….”
• In March 1939, Germany sent troops into Czechoslovakia, bringing the Czech lands under German control.
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“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
(pages 589–591)(pages 589–591)
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2
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• Hitler demanded the return of Danzig–Poland’s Baltic Sea port.
• He also wanted a highway and railroad across the Polish Corridor.
• These demands convinced the British and French that appeasement had failed.
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“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
(pages 589–591)(pages 589–591)
• In May 1939, Hitler ordered the German military to prepare for the invasion of Poland.
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“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
(pages 589–591)(pages 589–591)
• On August 23, 1939, Germany and the USSR signed a nonaggression treaty, with a secret agreement to divide Poland known as the Soviet-Nazi Pact.
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“Peace in Our Time” (cont.)
End of Slide Show