getting started with spectrum for administrators...

Getting Started with SPECTRUM forAdministrators

SPECTRUM Enterprise ManagerSPECTRUM Management

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S P E C T R U M E n t e r p r i s e M a n a g e r G e t t i n g S t a r t e d w i t h S P E C T R U M

NoticeAprisma Management Technologies, Inc. (Aprisma), reserves the right to makechanges in specifications and other information contained in this document withoutprior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Aprisma to determine whetherany such changes have been made.

The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to changewithout notice.

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Copyright © June 2000 by Aprisma Management Technologies. All rights reserved.

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Aprisma Management Technologies, Inc.121 Technology DriveDurham NH 03824

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ContentsWelcome to SPECTRUM!...............................................4How SPECTRUM Works.................................................5

The SpectroSERVER Database..................................7Database Maintenance ............................................8

Model Types, Models and Relations ...........................9SPECTRUM Icons.....................................................10

Icon Double-Click Zones........................................11Landscapes ...............................................................11SPECTRUM Views....................................................12

SPECTRUM Directories and Files ................................13Resource Files...........................................................13

Help Resource .......................................................13The SPECTRUM Control Panel ....................................14

To start the Control Panel:.........................................14Starting SPECTRUM ....................................................17

Starting SpectroSERVER: .........................................17Starting SpectroGRAPH: ...........................................18

Modeling Your Network.................................................19Manually Creating a Device Model ...............................20

To create a model manually: .....................................20AutoDiscovery ...............................................................23

Open the AutoDiscovery Window..............................23Configuring Range Discovery....................................25Set Range Discovery Modeling Options....................27Start the Discover and Model Session ......................29Here’s What We’ve Discovered.................................31

Reading the Information in SPECTRUM Views ............32

Pipes - Logical Links Between Icons ............................ 33Standard Pipes.......................................................... 33Live Pipes.................................................................. 34Link Information......................................................... 37

Creating User Models ................................................... 38To create a User model: ............................................ 39

Exiting SPECTRUM ......................................................42To Stop SpectroGRAPH:...........................................42To Stop SpectroSERVER:......................................... 42To Exit from the Control Panel: ................................. 43

What Next? ................................................................... 43Learning More About SPECTRUM …........................... 44


Welcome to SPECTRUM!

Aprisma’s SPECTRUM® is an enterprise-wide network management solution providing multi-vendor device management. This book is a starting point for network administrators who are first-time SPECTRUM users. First, we’ll look at SPECTRUM’s file structure then, after a brief look at how SPECTRUM works, this book takes you through several task-oriented modules designed to acquaint you with SPECTRUM’s network management features. After completing all the modules, you will be able to:

• Start and stop SpectroSERVER™ and SpectroGRAPH™

• Manually create a device (router) model

• Use AutoDiscovery to automatically model your network

• Create a user model

The following books will help you continue developing skills for using SPECTRUM to manage your network:

• How to Manage Your Network with SPECTRUM covers everyday tasks involved in managing your network with SPECTRUM.

• Distributed SpectroSERVER and Database Management cover specific SPECTRUM features in greater depth.

Caution:Caution:

Do Not use this book if you are modeling your network using SPECTRUM’s Distributed SpectroSERVER (DSS) feature and have not yet partitioned your network into uniquely identified landscapes. Refer to Distributed SpectroSERVER to learn more about modeling using DSS.

H o w S P E C T R U M W o r k s


Perform the modules in the sequence presented. You may stop at the end of any module. Simply exit from SpectroGRAPH using the Exit option from the File menu at the top left corner of the screen. The Help menu in the upper right corner provides access to documents with more detailed information.

How SPECTRUM WorksSPECTRUM’s design is based on a client/server model. The server, SpectroSERVER (or VNM – Virtual Network Machine), includes the SPECTRUM database and provides security, modeling capabilities, and device management facilities. SpectroSERVER supports a suite of client applications through its Application Program Interface (SSAPI). The first client application you will see when you start SPECTRUM is SpectroGRAPH.

SpectroGRAPH provides the graphical user interface that you will use to monitor your network and launch other client applications. SpectroGRAPH’s views contain a variety of icons that represent the different elements of your network, including devices, users, and “conceptual” elements such as LAN segments. Each icon presents status information and provides access to management facilities specific to the network element it represents. The information presented by an icon is retrieved from a corresponding model that is maintained in the SpectroSERVER database.

Database

ModelingCatalog

NetworkModel

Events DBStatistics/

Other ApplicationsDistributed Data

Manager

Alarm Manager

Network Devices

SpectroSERVER

DCM

OtherEPIICMPSNMP

Protocol Interfaces

SSAPI

Inference Handlers

SPECTRUMIntelligence

Alarm View

SpectroGRAPHViews

Your Network

10BT

IRM3

ArchiveManager

Event/StatCache


SPECTRUM’s Device Communications Manager (DCM) provides the mechanism for retrieving device information and managing devices on your network. The DCM periodically polls each device to retrieve up-to-date device status that is saved in the database. The DCM is also the mechanism for network element management. For example, administrative changes that you make to a device model shown in a SpectroGRAPH view, such as enabling or disabling a port, are interpreted by SPECTRUM and sent to the device via the DCM where the administrative action is executed. The device status is updated in the database and the new administrative status is presented in the view.

SPECTRUM Intelligence is implemented as Inference Handlers that add value to the data collected. Inference Handlers are capable of computing useful statistics, such as packets per second. They are also capable of interpreting the information collected from individual devices and presenting diagnostic information that can help you isolate and respond to network problems.

Inference Handlers depend on an accurate network model in the SpectroSERVER database to effectively analyze the data collected. This book will help you create an accurate model of your network. The basic network model that we’ll create will consist of models for each of your network’s devices and User models for your administrative and operational users. Later, you can expand your network model by creating additional device models, models for campus facilities, such as buildings and wiring closets, and models for users and organizational groups.


The SpectroSERVER DatabaseSPECTRUM collects a significant amount of information. Some information is collected as SPECTRUM polls network devices; some is collected from other SpectroSERVER management domains, called landscapes. This data is stored in the SpectroSERVER’s Events/Statistics database as events and statistics. Events record information such as changes to a device’s operational state, while statistics record data, such as total packets and total collisions. The Distributed Data Manager (DDM) provides facilities for reducing and saving the information gathered and distributing information in a variety of formats across multiple landscapes and to external applications.

DDM’s Archive Manager retrieves event and statistical data from the SpectroSERVER, reduces it, and stores it in the Events/Statistics database. Some overlap is maintained between the two databases to assure an accurate record of events and statistics in case of a system failure.


Database MaintenanceBacking up your database regularly is the foundation of sound database management. A reliable backup copy of your database can help you restore database integrity following system interruptions. SPECTRUM provides two methods for backing up your database. The first, On-Line Backup lets you save your database automatically, at regular intervals, or on demand, while SpectroSERVER is running. Alternately, the SPECTRUM Control Panel provides facilities for manually saving and restoring your database, but requires shutting down SpectroSERVER. To learn more about these features, refer to Database Management.

Database

ModelingCatalog

NetworkModel

Events DBStatistics/ Data Export

Data WarehouseReports, Etc.

ArchiveManager

DDM


Model Types, Models and Relations

The SpectroSERVER database provides storage for specific device configurations, statistics and events. The database also contains the Modeling Catalog (model types and relations) that determines the structure for all network information.

• Model types serve as templates. They define characteristics (attributes) of the elements that make up your network such as workstations, hubs, networks, and users. The modeling catalog contains model types that correspond to the device types found in your network. These device model types provide a template for device-specific information together with the Inference Handlers needed to help you manage your network.

• A Model represents a particular instance of a model type. Models are not part of the modeling catalog, but instead, they are created from the model types provided by the modeling catalog.

For example, to create a model of a particular SPARCstation 20™ workstation in your network (identified by a unique hostname and IP address), you would choose the Host_SUN model type as a template from the available model types in the modeling catalog. Before creating the model, SPECTRUM asks you to identify the particular workstation by supplying a unique IP address or hostname. This information uniquely identifies the new model as a particular SPARCstation 20.

Host_SUN

192.118.52.34

This model of the

model type, Host_SUN

is uniquely identified by the

IP address, 192.118.52.34.


• Relations (Connects, Contains, Owns, etc.) define the relationships that can exist between two or more models. The type of relations that a particular model is capable of are determined by the model type used to create a model. For example, a model created from the Network model type can Contain a variety of network devices (routers, bridges, workstations, etc.) including specific network models such as FDDI_Networks, ATM_Networks, etc. Relations define the structure in your network model.

SPECTRUM IconsNetwork elements and organizational entities are represented in SPECTRUM’s views as icons. To the left are some of the icons you’ll find there. Icons alert you to network problems and provide access to a variety of configuration and information views. Each icon is unique to a particular model type.

Two models were created during SPECTRUM installation: a User model for the target user identified during installation and a VNM model that represents your SpectroSERVER. When you first start SPECTRUM, the VNM icon, is the only icon that is visible. The VNM icon provides access to views that can help you configure and manage SpectroSERVER functions. User models

determine who is allowed access to SPECTRUM. You’ll learn more about User models later in this book when you create User models for other users that will need to access SPECTRUM.

Relations establish the structure of your

network model allowing SPECTRUM to

correctly isolate problems.

This LAN_802_3 network

model contains a Host_SUN

workstation model.Host_SUN

192.118.52.34

LAN_802_3

Acctg_Subnet

LAN_802_3

Model Name

VNM

Fanout

Bridge

Off-Page Reference(Router)

Network (802.3)

Model Name

FANOUT

Model Type

Model Name

VNM

Model Name


Icon Double-Click ZonesIcons are configured with “double-click” zones, areas that, when double-clicked using the mouse pointer, perform a specific action such as opening a view.

The Performance double-click zone is capable of plotting the performance of three device attributes, as shown here and throughout this book:

• Blue - Frame Rate• Green - Load• Orange - Error Rate

When SPECTRUM is first installed, the icon graphs are disabled (by default) and the Performance double-click zone is blank. (Refer to Getting Started with SPECTRUM for Operators to see an example of icons with graphs disabled.) You can enable icon graphs by setting the displayGraphOnIcons resource to true in the spectrum resource file in the app-defaults directory within the SPECTRUM install area or by highlighting the icon and selecting Show Performance Graph from the Icon Subviews menu.

LandscapesA landscape covers the management domain for a given SpectroSERVER. It includes a Topology, Location, and Organization model hierarchy. You can create your entire network model in a single landscape or divide it among several landscapes. SPECTRUM’s Distributed SpectroSERVER (DSS) feature allows you to manage multiple landscapes from the same SpectroGRAPH. Each landscape is identified by a unique landscape name. Refer to Distributed SpectroSERVER for detailed information about using the DSS feature.

Model Name

SNMP Device

SNMP

Typical Double-Click Zones

Opens Performance ViewOpens Performance View

Opens Application View

Opens Device View

Opens Device Topology

Opens Configuration View

(DevTop) View

(Generic SNMP Device Icon)

Performance double-click zone

Landscape

Model Name

4

1

7

4

1

7


SPECTRUM Views

The information from the SPECTRUM database is presented within three predefined model hierarchies. After SPECTRUM is installed, the SpectroSERVER database contains the modeling catalog and the following models:

• World – Top level of Location hierarchy• Universe – Top level of Topology hierarchy• TopOrg – Top level of Organization hierarchy

You can create as many levels in each hierarchy, and as many branches at each level, as you need to represent your network. At each level within these hierarchies, you can access a variety of “generic” views (Model Information, Performance, etc.) and “list-type” views (Alarms, Events, etc.). At the device level, you can access device-specific views. The information available in device-specific views is described in Management Module Guides for each particular device type.

You will create the other levels of the Topology hierarchy using AutoDiscovery and the instructions in this book. To create views in the Location and Organization hierarchies, refer to How to Manage Your Network with SPECTRUM.

Device Icons

Any Location Icon

SPECTRUM Model Hierarchies

LocationHierarchy

TopologyHierarchy

OrganizationHierarchy

World

Country

Region

Site

Sector

Building

Floor

Section

Room

Rack orPanel

As Needed

Levels

Various

Org_Owns

Universe

Network

LAN

WAN

LAN_802_3

LAN_802_5

FDDI

SPECTRUM Model Hierarchies

LocationHierarchy

TopologyHierarchy

OrganizationHierarchy

ATM_Network

S P E C T R U M D i r e c t o r i e s a n d F i l e s


SPECTRUM Directories and FilesSPECTRUM should already be installed before proceeding with this book. If not, install it now using the instructions in your SPECTRUM Installation Guide. SPECTRUM’s installation program places program and support files in their proper place and assigns ownership and permission according to parameters entered during installation. The directory structure shown to the right provides a general overview of the location and purpose of the various directories and files.

Resource FilesSPECTRUM resource files define features such as: start-up windows, standard path names, background colors, and the mouse double-click time interval. When first installed, these parameters are set to default values needed to start and begin using SPECTRUM. Refer to SPECTRUM Resources to learn more about resource files, where to find them, and how to use them to customize SPECTRUM.

Help ResourceIf you have installed on-line documentation, you can access the entire SPECTRUM documentation set (including this book) by choosing Help from any Help menu.

SSSpectroSERVERSpectroSERVER Database.vnmrc (VNM resource file)

SS-ToolsDatabase maintenance toolsModel Type EditorMiscellaneous scripts

SGSpectroGRAPHReport programsAlarm Manager

SG-ToolsSpectroWATCHMiscellaneous scripts and support files

SG-SupportVarious support files for Views, Icons, Reports, etc.

app-defaultsspectrum (Resource definitions)spectrum.fonts

SPECTRUM Install Directory

T h e S P E C T R U M C o n t r o l P a n e l


If you did not include documentation during your original installation, you can still access the documentation via the Documentation CD. Refer to your SPECTRUM Installation Guide to learn how to mount and access on-line documentation from the Documentation CD.

The SPECTRUM Control Panel

The Control Panel starts and stops SpectroSERVER, SpectroGRAPH and the Archive Manager. It also provides facilities for saving and restoring databases, for scheduling task execution, and configuring events, traps, resources.

To start the Control Panel:

1 Login to your workstation using the user ID that was defined for Target Ownership when starting the SPECTRUM installation.

login: < user ID>Password:


2 Start the SPECTRUM Control Panel using one of the following formats:

The Select Host Machine dialog box appears, listing remote host machine names from which you can start the SPECTRUM Control Panel and run SPECTRUM.

3 Select a host machine name and click on OK. The Control Panel appears.

The panel is divided into three areas:

in UNIX in NT

Select SPECTRUM>Control Panel from the CDE Toolbar

Select Programs>Spectrum>Administration>Control Panel

Select Host to run on…

Select Host Machine

OK Exit

hostname #1

hostname #2

hostname #3


• Pull-down menus

- The Help? menu is where you find more information About the Control Panel. You can keep Help windows open to assist you as you work.

• Three groups of buttons control SPECTRUM processes:

- Process Control - provides buttons to start and stop SpectroSERVER and SpectroGRAPH.

- Database Administration - provides buttons to manually Save and Restore the SpectroSERVER database.

- Server Administration - provides facilities to configure events, traps, SPECTRUM resources, and to define scheduling. Scheduling lets you set an execution time for specific commands. Refer to Database Management for more information on scheduling.

• The SpectroSERVER message window shows operational dialog:

- If messages scroll too fast, you can use the Freeze button to stop the action.

- The Scroll button resumes message scrolling.

- Status shows the current SpectroSERVER status.

- Exit closes the panel. Processes you started from the panel keep going, but you can restart the panel to regain control at any time.

File Control C onfigure T ools Help?

Process ControlDatabase

AdministrationServer

Administration

SPECTRUM Control Panel

ExitFreeze Scroll Status: INACTIVE

Configure

SchedulerSpectroGRAPH

StartSpectroSERVER Save

Restore

User user@hostname: Aprisma Management Technologies

About the SPECTRUM Control Panel

Help

S t a r t i n g S P E C T R U M


Starting SPECTRUM

Use the Control Panel to start SpectroSERVER and/or SpectroGRAPH. You can run both on the same workstation as described here, or you can use the Control Panel to start SpectroGRAPH on your local workstation and connect to a SpectroSERVER running on another workstation. SpectroSERVER must be running and ready to accept client connections before you start SpectroGRAPH. If you are connecting to a SpectroSERVER running on another workstation, bypass Starting SpectroSERVER and go to Starting SpectroGRAPH.

Starting SpectroSERVER:

Click on .

SpectroSERVER takes a short period of time to load. During this time the server message window displays several messages.

When SpectroSERVER is ready, the Control Panel displays a message indicating the server is ready, and the Status changes to RUNNING.

If you attempt to start SpectroGRAPH before SpectroSERVER is ready, an error message appears telling you: “No SpectroSERVER to talk to.”

ExitFreeze Scroll Status: RUNNING

Please wait. /usr/Spectrum/SS/SpectroSERVERlandscape 0x400000 at precedence 10...

Number of models loaded : 0

/usr/Spectrum/SS/SpectroSERVER is now ready on port 0xbeef...

is loading

StartSpectroSERVER


Starting SpectroGRAPH:

1 Click on . The Select SpectroSERVER dialog box appears listing servers that you can connect to through SpectroGRAPH.

2 Select a host machine name and click on OK.

As SpectroGRAPH comes up, it displays the SPECTRUM logo. The default configuration tells SPECTRUM to open the highest Location view “SpectroGRAPH : Location : World” and the highest Topology view, “SpectroGRAPH : Topology : Universe.”

Since we are only modeling your network in the Topology hierarchy in this book, close the SpectroGRAPH : Location : World view. Pull down the File menu and choose Close.

Select SpectroSERVER

Select initial SpectroSERVER to connect to.

OK Exit

hostname #1

hostname #2

hostname #3

Available Servers:

0x0000000

0x00000000x0000000

SpectroGRAPH

File View Tools Bookmarks Help?

SpectroGRAPH : Topology : Universe

Topology View

Location View


SpectroGRAPH : Location : World

M o d e l i n g Y o u r N e t w o r k


Modeling Your Network

Initially, there are no models in the SPECTRUM database that correspond to devices on your network. The only models that exist in the beginning are the VNM representing your SpectroSERVER and a User model for the administrator who was identified during installation. You need to create a model of your network in the SpectroSERVER database, one that accurately represents your network and allows SPECTRUM to help you manage your network.

We will use AutoDiscovery, SPECTRUM’s automatic modeling feature to create a model of our network. You should model your own network following the same steps, but using your own devices and IP addresses.

For detailed information about other AutoDiscovery features, refer to the AutoDiscovery User’s Guide.

M a n u a l l y C r e a t i n g a D e v i c e M o d e l


Manually Creating a Device Model

In this section we are creating our seed router model. You can use the same steps to model any device for your network model.

To create a model manually:

1 Navigate into the Universe view:

Click on the View menu and select New View >Topology.

2 Select Edit from the File menu to place the view in Edit mode. SpectroGRAPH has two modes of operation: Navigate and Edit. Navigate mode allows you to move between views. Edit mode lets you make changes to a view, such as adding or deleting models. In this case we are adding a new model to the Universe view.

3 Select New Model from the Edit menu. The Select Model Type dialog box appears.


VNM

tutorEdit Ctrl+E

Print

Close

Exit Ctrl+X



4 Select a device model type from the Select Model Type dialog box and click OK.

In our example we are creating a Cisco router and have selected Rtr_Cisco. If your device is not in the list, it may be because SPECTRUM intelligence does not allow it to be modeled at that level in the hierarchy, or that there is no model type for that device. For basic SNMP manage-ment, you can model any device with the GnSNMPDev model type. For more detailed management, a specific model type is required.

A dialog box appears where you can define the specific model you are creating. Some of the fields are already defined by default. In addition to the default settings, a minimum definition requires an IP Address and Community String. Optional information, such as Contact, Location, etc. can be helpful in managing your network. You can enter the information here or add it later by editing the model’s Model Information view.

Note:Note:

Use the New Model by IP selection to create a model when you know the IP address of the device but not the model type. SPECTRUM interrogates the device to determine the model type and automatically creates a model, using the model type that most closely matches the actual device.

HelpEditFile

New Model…

New Model by IP…

Cut Shift +Del

Select Model Type

OK

Filter:

Cancel

Rtr_Bay_Wflet

Rtr_Cisco

Rtr_Cisco2500

Rtr_Cisco3000

Rtr_Cisco4000

Rtr_Cisco7000

Rtr_CiscoAGS

Rtr_Cisco CGS

Tools BookmarksSpectroGRAPH : Topology : Unive

Select Model Type

OK

Filter:

Cancel

Rtr_Bay_Wflet

Rtr_Cisco

Rtr_Cisco2500

Rtr_Cisco3000

Rtr_Cisco4000

Rtr_Cisco7000

Rtr_CiscoAGS

Rtr_Cisco_CGS

Rtr_Cisco_IGS


5 Enter the appropriate information for your router.

Use the IP address of the router port closest to the SpectroSERVER workstation as the Network Address. This gives SPECTRUM some diagnostic capability even if the other router ports fail.

In our example, we’ve entered values that define the sample Router #1. Your router may be defined differently.

6 Click on OK. Your router model appears in the Universe view.

7 Leave the view in Edit mode and go on to the next module to learn how to use AutoDiscovery to model your network, or you can stop here by selecting File >Close Edit, and then File >Exit.

VNM

tutor

SpectroGRAPH

Creation View

Model Name Router #1

Network Address 132.177.2.1.

Community Name public

Serial Number 123456789

Security String

Polling Interval 60

Log Ratio 10

OK Cancel

Rtr_Cisco

Router #1

Shortly after your router is created,SPECTRUM establishes contact with itand the router icon’s label shouldchange from blue to green. Any othercolor indicates an alarm condition thatshould be fixed before you continue.

Discover Connections

A u t o D i s c o v e r y


AutoDiscoveryAutoDiscovery is SPECTRUM’s automatic topology mapping facility. We’ll be using AutoDiscovery to find devices on the network and create corresponding models in the database. Begin by opening the main AutoDiscovery window.

Open the AutoDiscoveryWindow

Select Auto Discovery from the Tools menu at the Universe level. The main AutoDiscovery window opens.

AutoDiscovery offers three Discovery Methods:

• IP List maps a discovered device's IP address to a physical (MAC) address.When this method is used, AutoDiscovery will attempt to contact and identify only those devices at the IP addresses you specify when you create the configuration.



• Range uses ICMP echo requests (pings) to test each of the IP addresses within the range or ranges you specify in the IP Address Ranges panel. When this method is used, AutoDiscovery will attempt to contact and identify devices at each IP address within the range(s) bounded by the pair(s) of low and high addresses you specify.

• Router examines the route tables in your network’s routers to establish the high-level topology of your network, creating subnets and LANs. Router discovery configurations require both a range of IP addresses (to establish the boundaries of the discovery) and one or more IP addresses for routers that AutoDiscovery will use as “seed” routers. The route information table and/or the routing neighbor tables of each seed router will then be queried to determine the addresses of neighboring routers. If these addresses are within the specified range, they too are queried, and the process is repeated until all known neighbors within the range(s) have been queried.

Both discovery and modeling operations are executed according to sets of user-specified guidelines called “configurations.” You create these reusable configurations via dialogs accessed from the AutoDiscovery main window’s Configurations menu. Once a configuration is saved, a corresponding entry is added to the appropriate folder in the main window’s Stored Configurations panel, where the configuration can then be accessed for modification, deletion, duplication, or execution.

There are three basic types of configurations:

• Discovery• Modeling• Discovery and Modeling.

AutoDiscovery’s modeling options determine how the discovery sessions will be conducted and how the resulting device models will be arranged in views in the Topology Hierarchy.

Note:Note:

AutoDiscovery is a very powerful, flexible, and customizable SPECTRUM application. The getting started procedures described in this document are intended as a quick overview/tutorial. For detailed instructions on using the complete functionality of AutoDiscovery, refer to the AutoDiscovery User’s Guide.



Configuring Range Discovery

Range Discovery uses the range(s) of IP addresses you specify and attempts to contact and identify devices within this IP address range. It can be run on any range of addresses; however, the greater the range, the longer it takes to complete the search for devices. It is more efficient to make several entries, with each one defining limited ranges, than to search for one large range (e.g., an entire Class C address range). We will be using this discovery method in this tutorial.

1 Select Configurations>New Discover and Model Configurarion>Range/SPECTRUM from the AutoDiscovery main window. This option creates router and subnet models using information from routing tables and the IP Address Ranges table.

2 Determine the range of IP addresses that covers your network. For our example: 132.177.1.1 through 132.177.255.254.

3 In the IP Range Boundary List panel, define one or more ranges of IP addresses to establish the boundaries of the discovery by entering the lowest address in the range in the From field and the highest address in the To field. Then click the Add button to add the pair of addresses to the list. Use the Del (for “Delete”) and Mod (for “Modify”) buttons to remove or change any entries in the list. this configuration.

StartDuplicate

Export Configuration...Import Co

New Discovery Configuration

Configurations

New Discover and Model ConfigurationNew Modeling Configuration

nfiguration...

IP List / SPECTRUMRange / SPECTRUMRouter / SPECTRUM

From: To:

132.177.1.1 132.177.255.254

Community Strings

:

public

IP Range Boundary List

Del

Mod

Community String

Add132.177.1.1 132.177.255.254



4 In the Community String List panel, specify the Community Strings (passwords) for the devices you want discovered. By default, AutoDiscovery will attempt to discover devices within the IP address boundaries you have specified if they have a Community String of “public.” You can enter additional strings one-at-a-time by typing in the text entry box and clicking Add.

Note:Note:

Enter community names ordered from “most used” to “least used.” Since AutoDiscovery searches using community names in the order (top to bottom) listed, placing the most widely used name at the top of the list can help optimize execution time.

To:

132.177.255.254

Community Strings

:

publicAdd

t

Del

Mod

Del

Mod

Community String

Addpublic

public



Set Range Discovery Modeling Options

Once you have created a combined discovery and modeling configuration, a tabbed dialog will appear with the foreground page labeled “Discovery” and the Filtering and Modeling tabs in the background click on the Modeling tab and note the following options:

We have set global options for our sample AutoDiscovery session as follows:

In the Modeling Types panel, we will be using the Logical IP Based option. This option, selected by default, will model and place discovered devices according to the other settings you can select in this panel.

Arrangement to Logical (the default) - to tell AutoDiscovery to model the network using levels that become increasingly specific (i.e., IPClassC down to a device level) rather than in a flat display on one level.



Placement to Radial - to place the discovered devices in a radial pattern. A Tree pattern places the icons along branches from a root icon. Both patterns are shown to the right.

Layer 2 Options - Select at least one of the following device information tables for AutoDiscovery to use in determining device connectivity: Cisco Discovery Table, Cabletron Switch Tables, Source Address Tables, or Spanning Tree.

Read IP Route Tables to �- to use the IP Route Table to determine and map subnet information. Although AutoDiscovery will take longer to finish, the network model will be more complete.

LANs (IP Subnets) (the default) to �- to create models for every unique LAN found off of the interfaces of the device being modeled.

Activation Time to 5 Minutes - to set the number of minutes AutoDiscovery will wait for new models to activate before placing them and attempting to obtain connectivity information.

Radial Arrangement

LAN

132.177.4.0

Rtr_Cisco

Router #3

LAN

132.177.3.0

LAN

132.177.2.0

LAN

132.177.1.0

Rtr_Cisco

Router #3

Rtr_Cisco

Router #3


Tree Arrangement

Rtr_Cisco

Router #2

LAN

132.177.3.0

LAN

132.177.2.0

LAN

132.177.4.0

Rtr_Cisco

Router #3

LAN

132.177.1.0

Rtr_Cisco

Router #1SpectroGRAPH : Topology : Universe



Start the Discover and Model Session

Click on Save & Start in the main AutoDiscovery window.

You will be prompted to specify a name for this AutoDiscovery configuration. Since you may be using the same address range and community names in a future AutoDiscovery session, this configuration will be automatically saved and stored under Discover & Model Configuration in the Stored Configurations panel.

Each time you start a discovery session, a “result set” is automatically created to store:

• the configuration that was used• status and error messages generated during the session• a list of all discovered devices called the “discovered data set”

The “discovered data set” is the exportable part of the result set and the main input for subsequent modeling in SPECTRUM. It catalogs all the devices that were discovered and provides location, contact, port, and other information as applicable.

Creation of a new result set has two effects on the AutoDiscovery main window, as shown in the following figure. First, a new entry is added to the scrollable Results list at the lower left of the window. Each entry in this list uniquely identifies a particular result set by the name of the configuration that was used plus the date and time the session was started. The entry also shows the current status of the session. Secondly, a Results view with tabbed pages displays in the large panel at the right of the window.

As devices are discovered, they are listed by IP address under the Results tab. Status or error messages generated during the discovery appear at the bottom of this tabbed page.

Save CancelSave & Start



The Discovery tab accesses the associated discovery configuration. The Results view also includes a Modeling tab, which accesses the associated modeling configuration.

Results listshowing entryfor result setdisplayed inResults dialog

Results dialogwith tabs foraccessingassociateddiscovery andmodelingconfigurations



Here’s What We’ve DiscoveredIn our example, an IPClassB network model has been modeled in the Universe Topology view.

Two LAN models have been created in the IPClassB network model connected by a router model.

In one of the LAN models, there is an Off-Page Reference icon representing the connected router, an Unplaced Fanout model containing device models that AutoDiscovey was not able to resolve, and a LAN_802_3 model representing a local area network.

In the LAN_802_3 model, there are two workstation models connected to a hub model.


IPClassB

132.177.0.0

SpectroGRAPH : Topology : 132.177.0.0

LAN

132.177.1.0

Rtr_Cisco

Router #1

LAN

132.177.2.0


UnplacedRouter #1

tutor

VNM

LAN_802_3


Workstation #2Workstation #1 Hub #1

R e a d i n g t h e I n f o r m a t i o n i n S P E C T R U M V i e w s


Reading the Information in SPECTRUM ViewsIcons use colors to visually convey status showing a model’s Condition and Rollup Condition. A model’s Condition color alerts you to problems with the model. Rollup Condition indicates the status of models at lower levels of the hierarchy. As the SPECTRUM administrator, you can set the thresholds for Rollup Condition colors based on the severity of the condition of models at the next lower level in the hierarchy.

For example, the rollup threshold for a LAN model might be set to show a Red rollup condition when two or more devices within it have a Red condition.

Color Condition Meaning

Green Good - Contact established/Normal operation

Yellow Minor Alarm - A situation has occurred but no immediate action is required. This condition is also used for alarmscreated only to convey information, such as “Duplicate IP.”

Orange Major Alarm - A loss of service has occurred or is impending. Action is required within a short period of time.

Red Critical - A loss of service has occurred and immediate action is required.

Gray Unknown - This device cannot be reached due to a known error condition that exists on another device.

Blue Initial - Contact with this device has not yet been established.

Brown Device has been taken off-line for maintenance purposes.

Location Network A

CSIRptr

FANOUT

Condition Color Zones - Condition of this model

Rollup Condition Color Zones - composite status of models beneath this one.

P i p e s - L o g i c a l L i n k s B e t w e e n I c o n s


Pipes - Logical Links Between Icons

Network connections are collectively represented as logical links called “pipes.” A pipe can represent many port-to-port connections. Pipes are created automatically when you create your network model using SPECTRUM’s AutoDiscovery feature, described earlier in this guide. Pipes can be configured as Standard pipes or Live pipes. (Standard Pipes is the default configuration setting.)

Standard PipesTwo types of standard pipes can be created to show connections:

Gold pipes show connections that are resolved (connected to an actual port at both ends). AutoDiscovery always resolves connections to a device port, producing gold pipes. Gold pipes cannot be erased from SPECTRUM views.

Silver pipes are manually created by selecting two icons and choosing the Connect selection from the Edit menu and or by using the mouse to draw a connection between icons while in Edit mode. If the connection represented by a silver pipe cannot be resolved, the pipe remains silver. However, if the connection is resolved, the pipe automatically turns to gold. Silver pipes can be erased.

132.177.0.0 of type IPClassB of Landscape tutor: Primary

LAN

132.177.1.0

Rtr_Cisco

Router #1

FANOUT

Silver Pipe Gold Pipe



Live PipesWhen SPECTRUM’s Live Pipes feature is enabled (from the VNM model’s Landscape Configuration view), individual pipes can be toggled from Standard to Live by choosing the Enable Live Pipes selection from a pipe’s Icon Subviews menu and then clicking on the button in the Enable Live Links dialog box. For additionalinformation on live pipes, refer to Distributed SpectroSERVER and SPECTRUM Icons.

Live pipes use colors to provide additional status information. Within a live pipe, the connection having the most severe condition (bad, disabled, etc.) determines the pipe’s color. A live pipe can generate an alarm when one of the links that it represents goes down.

LAN

132.177.1.0

Rtr_Cisco

Router #1

pcA_1: port1 <-> Hub4: port 11

Enable Live Links

Listed below is the set of links/port-pairs this pipe representsand a toggle indicating if the link is “Live”.

Enabling a link will cause the pipe to display a combination ofall the live links’ conditions and cause alarms to be generated forthe live links.

OK Cancel

CloseNavigate

Utilities

AlarmsPerformanceNotes

ZoomLink InformationEnable Live Links…


The condition of the individual connections within a pipe is based on the condition of the ports at either end of a connection. For example, if one port is bad and the other is good the connection has a red condition, and since red is the most severe condition, the pipe will also be red. The matrix below shows the possible port condition combinations and the resulting pipe colors.

The initial color of a pipe is blue, indicating an unresolved link (contact not yet established). Once the link is resolved, the pipe displays a color as listed below.

Pipes are automatically re-created whenever a pair of previously-piped icons are placed in the same view. This means, if you remove (cut, destroy, erase) either or both icons of a piped pair, the pipe is erased. Later, if you place both previously-piped icons in a view, the pipe connecting them will reappear in the view.

132.177.0.0 of type IPClassB of Landscape tutor: Primary

Unresolved Link (Blue)

Good Link

Unreachable Link (Gray)

LAN

132.177.1.0

FANOUT

Rtr_Cisco

Router #1

LAN

132.177.1.0(Green)



Port Conditions and Live Pipe Colors

Local Port

PORT CONDITION Good Bad Unknown Disabled Unreachable

RemotePort

Good GREEN

Bad RED RED

Unknown GREEN RED GREEN

Disabled BROWN BROWN BROWN BROWN

Unreachable GRAY GRAY GRAY BROWN GRAY


Link InformationDouble-clicking on the pipe or highlighting the pipe and selecting Link Information from the Icon Subviews menu opens the Link Information view. The Link Information view provides more detailed information about the two connected ports.

To learn more about the Link Information view, refer to SPECTRUM Icons.

File*SpectroGRAPH: Link Information

Universe_6

LAN_802_3

Network A

CSIRptr

Repeating

MRXiRptr

Network A

GenRptrR4Port

2.2

Repeating

GenRptrR4Port

1.26

Link Information View

Port icons

Device icon that contains

Model icon that containsthe device below it.

the port below it.

C r e a t i n g U s e r M o d e l s


Creating User Models

User models determine who can access SPECTRUM. Minimally, they define each user by user ID and access privileges, but additional attributes, such as location, organization, and graphic image of the user can also be recorded. Only users having a User model in a SpectroSERVER’s database are permitted access to that SpectroSERVER’s landscape, views, and data. If you specified a user name (Target Ownership) during your SPECTRUM installation, a User model was automatically created for that user ID. If other users will need access, you must create User models for them with SPECTRUM’s User Editor.

As the Administrator of your network, you can set specific access privileges for each User model that you add to the database. The Community String entered for each user determines the level of access. The default Community String, ADMIN,0, grants unrestricted administrative privileges. Security implementation is beyond the scope of this book, so we are not going to implement a Community String that restricts access. To learn how to apply security, refer to Security and User Maintenance.


To create a User model:

1 Navigate into the Universe Topology view.

2 Double-click on the user symbol on the right side of the VNM icon or highlight the icon and select User Editor from the Iocn Subviews menu.

The UserEditor window appears.


3 Double-click on the Landscape icon in the tree area (left side).

4 Click on the New User button. The Create new User dialog box appears.

5 Enter the user ID for the User model being created and click OK.

The new User model is added to the landscape.

UserEditor: Create new User

Enter the name for User:

Cancel

nancynetwatcher

OK Clear

Net_Admin

Corporate_Landscape

nancynetwatcher


6 Click on (select) the new user in the tree area (left side of the window). The fields that define the user become enabled for entering information.

Only two of the 13 User Attributes (Name and Community String) are mandatory. Name contains the name entered in Step 5. The Community String is automatically set to the default (ADMIN, 0).

For now, leave the Community String set to the default. (To learn how to use Commu-nity Strings to apply security, refer to Security and User Maintenance.)

The remaining User Attributes let you define each user according to characteris-tics that can help sort users for grouping or locate users according to specific attributes. Security and User Mainte-nance provides more information about creating UserGroup models.

7 After the entering the User Attributes, save the new User model with its current definition, File> Save Attributes.

8 Repeat steps 3 through 7 to create more User models.

9 To close the User Editor, select File> Close.

E x i t i n g S P E C T R U M


Exiting SPECTRUM

Now that you have created a model of your network and added the appropriate users to the SpectroSERVER database, you have completed all the tasks outlined at the beginning of this book, except stopping SpectroSERVER and SpectroGRAPH.

At this point, you can exit from SPECTRUM and the Control Panel or continue exploring SPECTRUM’s views and exit later using the following procedure. SpectroGRAPH, SpectroSERVER, and the Control Panel were started as separate processes and must be stopped as separate processes.

To Stop SpectroGRAPH:

Select File > Exit from the menu bar in any of the SPECTRUM views. All the views will close and SpectroGRAPH will stop.

To Stop SpectroSERVER:

1 Click on the button.

A confirmation dialog box appears, asking if you really want to shutdown SpectroSERVER and the Archive Manager.

2 Click on OK in the dialog box.

As SpectroSERVER performs database housekeeping, several messages are displayed. When SpectroSERVER has completely stopped, a “shutdown complete” message is displayed in the Control Panel message window, the Stop SpectroSERVER button becomes a Start SpectroSERVER button, and the Status changes to “Stopped.”

Are you sure that you want to shutdown

OK Cancel

SpectroSERVER and Archive Manager?!

StopSpectroSERVER

W h a t N e x t ?


To Exit from the Control Panel:

1 Click on the Exit button to exit from the Control Panel.

A confirmation dialog box appears.

2 Click on OK.

What Next?You have now modeled your network with SPECTRUM and are ready to use it to manage your network. We recommend reading How to Manage Your Network With SPECTRUM to learn how to optimize management with SPECTRUM through customizing and maintaining your network model, monitoring and isolating alarms, and troubleshooting.

Are you sure you wish to exit the SPECTRUM

OK Cancel

Control Panel?!

L e a r n i n g M o r e A b o u t S P E C T R U M …


Learning More About SPECTRUM …

For further reference, SPECTRUM documentation is your best source for current information. The Software Release Notice (SRN) that came with your copy of SPECTRUM lists titles and part numbers for the latest documentation and provides timesaving information on known anomalies. If you installed SPECTRUM Documentation during install or provided access as described earlier (refer to “Help Resource” on page 13), you can access SPECTRUM documents by choosing Help from the Help menu in any SPECTRUM view.

Four categories of SPECTRUM products are available:

• End User Products – these are the SPECTRUM Network Management core products, including:

- SpectroGRAPH, the SPECTRUM User Interface (UI)- SpectroSERVER, the network management software- Core management modules and applications

• Level I Toolkits – these provide the capability to add support for additional devices and to enhance or modify aspects of SPECTRUM core without writing any C++ code.

• Level II Toolkits – these offer programming interfaces for the purpose of developing C++ advanced extensions to SPECTRUM. These toolkits include header files, object libraries, example source code, and complete documentation.

• Applications – these are products designed to complement SPECTRUM End User Products. This category of products includes applications such as SpectroWATCH, SPECTRUM Data Gateway, SPECTRUM AR System Gateway, SPECTRUM NetView® Gateway, SPECTRUM Report Generator, and SPECTRUM Data Export.

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