gerfried jungmeier

System Analyses of Forestry, Forest Products and Recovered Wood

– Activities and Results from COST

Action E9 and E31

Gerfried Jungmeier

International Conference ”Efficient Use of Biomass for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation“

Östersund, Sweden, September 30 – October 1, 2003

Overview

Introduction

Results of COST Action E9

Outlook

Activities in COST Action E31

Scope&Goal

Recovered Wood

Energy Aspects in LCA

Allocation

Waste Treatment Option

COST Action E9 and E31

What is COST? European Co-operation in the field of Science and Technical

Research Support from European Commission Networking activity

COST Action E9 „Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Forestry and Forest Products“ (1997 – 2001, 4 Working Groups)

1. Production: energy, carbon, and other material cycle2. Land use3. End of life: recycling, disposal and energy production4. Methodology

COST Action E31 „Management of Recovered Wood“ (2002 – 2006; 2 Working Groups)

1. European Management of Recovered Wood2. Treatment Option for Recovered Wood

forestry

harvesting

pulp& paper production

consumer

combustion

production

use

end of life

transport

LCA-Wood Product:Example Newspaper

combustion fuel preparationelectricity

forestry

transport

construction

operation

dismantling

harvesting

LCA-Bioenergy:Example Electricity

Linkage: LCA-Wood Productsand LCA-Bioenergy

material use of wood

energetic use of wood

end of life

use

production

internalenergy

dismantling

operation

construction

energywood product

internalbiomass

system boundary

recycledbiomass

biomass production

Results of COST Action E9

Guidelines, recommendations and conclusions

Energy aspects in LCA for forest products

Allocation in LCA for forest products

Waste management options for wooden products

wood productsparticle boards paper

heat&electricity

Forestry

Consumption

round wood

fibre wood tops&branches

bark, saw dust, side-cuts, wood chips wood chips, saw-dust

timbersaw dust, shavings

bark, black liqueur, sludge

wood waste


heat&electricity

Forestry

P&P industry

Wood industry

Part. board industry

Sawmill

Consumption

round wood





wood waste


heat&electricity

internal heat&electricity

Forestry

P&P industry

Wood industry


CHP plantLandfill

Sawmill

Consumption

round wood





wood waste


heat&electricity

internal heat&electricity

wood fibre

paper fibre

solid&fibre wood

paper waste

wood based board waste

fibres, saw dust,shavings, wood chips

Forestry

P&P industry

Wood industry


CHP plant

Recycling of paper

Landfill

Recycling of part. boards

Recycling of wood

Sawmill

Consumption

landfill gas

Avoid Allocation by Combining LCA Wood Products and LCA Bioenergy

LCA non-wooden

product

product

LCAwood-

product

LCAbio-

energy + =

LCA conventional

energy+

&energy

In LCA of Wood Products Substitute Bioenergy

LCA non-wooden

product

product

LCAwood-

product =

Describe criteria for the substitution of energy!

LCA conventional

energy

LCAbio-

energy

+

-

Kind of energy output

Substitution of fossil energy

Costs

Quality of energy output

State of technology

Kind of fossil fuel substituted

Socio-economic and other factors

Criteria for Energy Substitution

Energy supply/demand characteristics

substitution rate < 100%

Aspects ofEnergy Generation in LCA

external costs

logistics

fuel handling

auxiliary energy

internal costs

ash treatment

nutrient recycling

energy balancecarbon balance

substitution of conventionell energy

comparison other biomasse use

technology

legislation

Energy Balance of LCA Bioenergy- District Heat

collection

0.004

chipping storage transport heating plant distribution

Auxiliary energy: fuelEnergy in biomass

1.37

0.004

0.02

0.04

1.35

0.14 0.03

1.49 1.480.02 0.04

0.34

0.03

0.21

11.18

1.37

Energy losses All units in kWh

Cumulated Primary Energy Demand LCA of Bioenergy for District Heat

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

wood chips natural gas

oil

natural gas

water

coal

others

biomass

1.511.42

91% renewable

97% non-renewable

Cumulated Primary Energy Need in LCA of Wooden Product - Newspaper

electricity need: Sweden/fresh fibres 3.4 MWh/t, Germany/recycled fibres 0.95 MWh/t

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Sweden/fresh fibres Germany/waste paper

nuclear

oil

natural gas

water

coal

others

biomass

3.6

5.3

Carbon Balance of LCA Wooden Product - Plywood

cultivation

4

harvesting transport fabrication

Fossil carbon flow in auxiliary energy: kg C (kg CO2)

Biomass carbon flow: kg C

1,550

4 (14.5)

Atmosphere +280 kg C (1,025 kg CO2)

Lithosphere -280 kg C (with landfill + 220 kg C)

500

1,050

50

6

6 (22)

260

260 (952)

500 plywood

1,550

1,000

50010 (36.5)

10

use end of life

combustion

landfill

500

500

500

Waste Wood Treatment Options:

landfill energy generationrecycling

waste wood, waste paper or

waste particle boards

Waste Wood Treatment Options: Input Related Comparison

landfill energy generationrecycling

waste wood, waste paper or

waste particle boards

impacts landfill

impactsrecycling

impacts energy

generation

energyfibres

landfill recyclingenergy

generation

waste wood, waste particle boards,

waste paper

energyfibres

In- and Output Related Comparison


generation


waste paper

system 1:landfill

impactslandfill

other resources

energy generation

acquisitionfresh fibres

energyfibres



generation


waste paper

system 1:landfill

system 2:recycling

impactslandfill

other resources

energy generation


impactsrecycling


system 3:energy generation

energy generation

impacts energy

generation

energyfibres


Paper Recycling Versus Energy Generation - Austria

1,6

1,8

2

2,2

2,4

2,6

2,8

3

30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%Use of collected waste paper for recycling

more energy generationmore paper recycling

current situation in Austria

Energy Generation Versus Landfill and Recycling of Waste Wood

24

2

3

29

487

-14

3

476

396

3

2

400

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

CO2

CH4

N2O

CO2-eq

Greenhouse gas emission factor [g CO2-eq/kWh]

energy generation avoiding waste wood recycling

energy generation avoiding waste wood landfill

fuel oil

What is „Recovered Wood“ in COST Action E31?

Recovered wood includes all kinds of wooden material that is available at

the end of its use as a wooden product (“post-consumer” or “post-use” wood).

Recovered wood mainly comprises

+ packaging materials,

+ demolition wood,

+ timber from building sites and

+ fractions of used wood from residential, industrial & commercial activities.

Therefore not in the scope of COST E31 are

– forestry residues (tops, thinnings and branches) from forest operations and

– black liqueur from pulp production.

Main focus of COST Action E31

Origins of „Recovered Wood“

Wood processing side Wood utilisation side

- saw mill

- wood manufacturing industry

- particle board industry

- construction and demolition activities

- residential and commercial sectors

- packaging collection

Objectives

COST Action E31 „Management of Recovered Wood“

Analysis of management approaches

for recovered wood in European

countries

Examine potentials of recovered wood as

secondary raw materials

energy sources

Improvement of databases on

technical, economical, ecological

and statistical information

Identify promising approaches for

implementation of advanced

systems for the management of

recovered wood

The Working Triangle

Workgroup 2

„Treatment Options

for Recovered Wood“

Multi-disciplinary Seminars,

Workshops and

Conferences

Workgroup 1

„European Management

of Recovered Wood“

Countries Participating in COST Action E31

16 Countries signedMemorandum of Understanding (MoU)

3 Countries interested

http://www.ctib-tchn.be/coste31

Benefits of COST Action E31

Bring together a multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural ‘team’

Establish a European forum for the management of recovered wood

Give an overview of the different management options for recovered wood

Provide strategic information for stakeholders

Expand the relevant data base

Motto of COST Action E31 „Management of Recovered Wood“

Source: Memorandum of Understanding from COST Action E31

„Improvement of the management

of

recovered wood

towards a higher

common

technical, economic and environmental

standard“

Outlook

2nd ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS

“Management of Recovered Wood - Recycling, Bioenergy, and Other Options” 1st Conference of

COST Action E31

22 – 24 April 2004 Amphitheatre of the Museum of Ancient and Byzantine Musical Organs

Thessaloniki, Greece, Europe

N.A.G.R.E.F.

http://www.ctib-tchn.be/coste31

gerfried jungmeier

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