geothermal reservoir management. a thirty year practice in the paris basin

GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN

Pierre UNGEMACH and Miklos ANTICS

GEOPRODUCTION CONSULTANTS (GPC)

Paris Nord 2, 14 rue de la Perdrix, Lot 109, B.P. 50030

95946 ROISSY CDG CEDEX, France

e-mail : [email protected] , [email protected]


SCOPE

• INTRODUCTION1. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW2. RESOURCE AND RESERVOIR SETTING3. DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND MILESTONES4. TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK5. OPERATION AND MAITENANCE6. RISK ASSESSMENT7. RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT / ENGINEERING /

SIMULATION8. SUSTAINABILITY• CONCLUSIONS


HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

HYDRO CAR BO NEXPR O

RESERVOIRASSESSM ENT

RISK ANALYSISFEASIBILITY

FIELDDEVELOPM EN T

RESERVOIRASSESSM ENT

UPDATE

EXPLOITATIONRECOR DS

DATABASE

RISK(RE)ASSESSMENT

W E LL L IF ES Y S TE M L IFE

E C O N O M ICV IA B IL ITY

S U S TA IN A B L ER E S E R V O IR

M A N A G E M E N TS C E N A R IO S

RESERVOIRLIFE

E NVIRO N M EN TALB ENE FITS

S O CIAL IM A G EFIS CAL

IN CE NTIVE S

PRODU CTIONM ODEL

PROCESSIN G

MO NITORINGSURVEILLANCE

CASING CONTRO LDAMAGE DIAG NOSIS

TRA CER LEAK O FF TESTSW ELL W O RK O VER

C O R RO S IO N /SCA LIN GABATEM EN T

LEGAL/INSTITUTIO NAL

FINANCINGINCENTIVES

BACKUP

ENVIRO N-M ENTALIMPACT

W E L LD E L IV E R A B IL IT IE S

P R O D U C T IO ND E S IG N

TESTING (DST)SAMPLING

DRILLINGCO RING

LO GGING

1950

1970

1975

1985

1990

2000

2005

TIME SCALE MILESTONES

F irst district heating doublet

F irst O il Shock

Com pletion of three doublets

E n f o r c e m e n t o f t h e G eotherm al Act (M in ing Law)

Second O il S hockState supported incentives

End of fie ld developm ent (52 doublets com pleted)

Issuing of a com prehensive reservo ir assessm entDebt renegotiationF irst AT I insta lla tionI m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e workover waste processing line

Com pletion of the new anti-co r ros ion p ro du c tion w e ll. Im plem entation of the trip let concept

F i r s t c o m b i n e d g a s / c o g e n e r a t i o n h e a t in g p lant

10 year extension of m utual insurance contracts

C o m p l e t i o n o f t h e 1 7 cogeneration plant

34 d istrict heating doublets in operation

Design of future heat m in ing schem es

t h


HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

HYDROCARBONEXPRO

RESERVOIRASSESSMENT

RISK ANALYSISFEASIBILITY

FIELDDEVELOPM EN T

RESERVOIRASSESSMENT

UPDATE

EXPLOITATIONRECOR DS

DATABASE

RISK(RE)ASSESSMENT

W E LL L IF ES Y S TE M L IFE

E C O N O M ICV IA B IL ITY

S U S TA IN A B LER E S E R V O IR

M A N A G E M E N TS C E N A R IO S

RESERVOIRLIFE

E NVIRO N M EN TALB ENE FITS

S O CIAL IM A G EFIS CAL

IN CE NTIVE S

PRODU CTIONM ODEL

PROCESSIN G

MO NITORINGSURVEILLANCE

CASING CONTRO LDAMAGE DIAG NOSIS

TRA CER LEAK OFF TESTSW ELL W O RK OVER

C OR ROS ION /SCA LIN GABATEM EN T

LEGAL/INSTITUTIONAL

FINANCINGINCENTIVES

BACKUP

ENVIRON-M ENTALIMPACT

W E L LD E L IV E R A B IL IT IE S

P R O D U C T IO ND E S IG N

TESTING (DST)SAMPLING

DRILLINGCORING

LOGGING

1950

1970

1975

1985

1990

2000

2005

TIME SCALE MILESTONES

F irst district heating doublet

F irst O il Shock

Com pletion of three doublets

E n f o r c e m e n t o f t h e G eotherm al Act (M in ing Law)

Second O il S hockState supported incentives

End of fie ld developm ent (52 doublets com pleted)

Issuing of a com prehensive reservo ir assessm entDebt renegotia tionF irst AT I insta lla tionI m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e workover waste processing line

Com pletion of the new anti-c o r ros ion p ro du c tion w e ll. Im plem entation of the trip let concept

F i r s t c o m b i n e d g a s / c o g e n e r a t i o n h e a t in g p lant

10 year extension of m utual insurance contracts

C o m p l e t i o n o f t h e 1 7 cogeneration plant

34 d istrict heating doublets in operation

Design of future heat m in ing schem es

t h


RESOURCE AND RESERVOIR SETTING


DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND MILESTONESLOCATION OF GEOTHERMAL DISTRIC HEATING DOUBLETS


DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND MILESTONESTARGETED, ACHIEVED, FORECASTED OBJECTIVES

Target Achieved Forecast(1985) 1990 2000 2006

Operating doublets 55 43 34 34Total installed capacity (MWt) 360 260 227 200Produced heat (GWht/yr) 2,000 1,455 1,240 1,000Unit capacity (MWt) 6.5 6.0 6.7 5.9Unit yield (MWht/yr) 36,000 33,800 36,200 30,000Artificial lift wells 49 36 27 22Self-flowing wells 6 7 7 12


TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK (1)THE GEOTHERMAL WELL DOUBLET OF HEAT MINING

A B AW H W H

H X

P P

P W

C

IP

IW

IW

90 0-1 40 0m 14 00 -17 00m

D O G G E R G E O TH E R M A L R E S E R V O IR

U P P E RC R E TA C E U S

LO W E RC R E TA C E U S

55 °

30 ° 30 °

LU S ITA N IA N

U P P E RJU R A S S IC

M ID J U R A S S IC

A - two vertical wellsB - 1 vertical, 1 deviatedC - two deviated wells

PP production pumpIP in jection pumpHX heat exchangerPW production w ellIW in jection wellW H wellhead


TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK (2)EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE AND LIFETIME RECORD

ITEM LIFE (yrs)

WELLS 20-25

XTREE VALVES 5

PRODUCTION PUMPS

ESP

HTP

4-5

5-8

INJECTION PUMP 10

PRODUCTION TUBING 6-8

DOWNHOLE CHEMICAL INJECTION LINE 5-8

PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER 10-15

FREQUENCY CONVERTER 15

SURFACE PIPING 15-20


THERMOCHEMICAL SHORTCOMINGSCORROSION AND SCALING

DRIVING MECHANISMS OF CASING DAMAGEAQUEOS CO2/H2S ENVIRONMENT


WELL DRILLING/COMPLETIONANTI-CORROSION PRODUCTION WELL DESIGN

cen tra lize rs

fibe rg lass cas ing

cem ent

expansion spool

free annu lus

seat

stee l casing

reservo ir


THERMOCHEMICAL SHORTCOMINGSCORROSION AND SCALING

DOWNHOLE CHEMICAL INJECTION LINESSETUPS IN ARTIFICIAL LIFT WELLS


OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (1)MONITORING/SURVEILLANCE OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES

• geothermal fluid• loop parameters• well deliverabilities• pump and frequency converter characteristics• inhibitor efficiencies• inhibition equipment integrity• well head integrity• surface piping control• casing inspection


OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (2)WELL WORKOVER

CORROSION AND SCALING ABATEMENT

• WELL WORKOVER• casing clean up

• lining of damaged tubulars

• fishing

• reservoir stimulation

• CORROSION AND SCALING ABATEMENT• downhole chemical inhibition lines

• corrosion, scaling, microbiological inhibitors


OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (3)DOGGER DATABASE

• Hosted on ORACLE platform• Data instructed locally via ACCESS interface

GLOSSARY

GENERALINFORMATIONPARAMETERS

DATAARCHIVE

HEAT PLANTEQUIPMENT

INJECTIONEAUIPMENT

PRODUCTIONEQUIPMENT

DICTIONARY

TH ER MO-CHEMICAL

MONITORING

INTERVENINGPARTIES

EVEN TS

CALIBRATION

HEAT PLANTEXPLOITATION

PRODUCTIONFIGU RES

INJECTIONFIGU RES

CASINGCONTROLCORROSIONCORROSION

TR EATMENT

ELEMENT BUBBLEPOINT

W ELLCASING

RESERVOIRPROPERTIES

GEO THERMALSITE


RISK ASSESSMENT

• Exploration (mining, geological)

• Exploitation (technical, managerial)

• Economic/financial (market, institutional, managerial)

• Social acceptance (image)


INTEGRATED GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

DEVELOPMENT/MANAGEMENT

STRATEGY

SUSTAINABILITY

EX TE RNALITIES

OFFERRecoverable

Heat

DEMANDE xisting /potentia l

hea t loads

RISKASSESSMENT

EC ON OM IC/F IN ANCIAL/

INSTITU TIO NAL/EN VIRO NM ENTAL

Non TechnicalObstacles

ECONOMICSRESERVOIR/SYSTEM LIFE

RESERVOIRENGINEERING

PRODUCTIONTECHNOLO GY


RESERVOIR ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT OF RESERVOIR STRUCTURE

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

5

5

BR BR

b. Three layeredreservo ir

c. Sandw ichedreservo ir

In jection wellProduction well

% FLO W % FLO W100 100

34.5%

10%

30.5%

18%

5%

40%

15%

23.5%

4%

4%

13.5%

DE

PT

H

DE

PT

H

CR CR

BR

d. S ing le layerequivalent

CR

RE SERV O IR

IM PERVIO US LAYER

CR CAP RO CK

BR BE DRO CK

a. Flowm eter logging


RESERVOIR ENGINEERING. RESERVOIR LAYER STACKING


RESERVOIR ENGINEERING. TEMPERATURE DECLINE AT PRODUCTION WELL

VS. RESERVOIR EQUIVALENTS0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Tim e , ye a rs

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Te

mp

era

ture

de

ple

tion

, °C

S ing le layer equiva lent reservo ir

2D R eservoir

Three layered m odel. R eservoir 1 (top)

Three layered m odel. R eservoir 2 (in t.)

Three layered m odel. R eservoir 3 (bot)

S andw iched M odel. Top reservo ir

S andw iched m odel. B ottom reservoir


RESERVOIR ENGINEERINGRESERVOIR SIMULATION

• CORE• Calibrated regional model, online with the Dogger database,

operated as a reservoir management tool• MODELLING STRATEGIES

• Regional. Overall reservoir• Subregional. Multidoublet areas• Local. Single doublet systems

• OBJECTIVES• Reservoir life• Hydrodynamic interferences• Solute transport• Sustainability assessments


RESERVOIR SIMULATIONSUB REGIONAL DOMAIN

TRANSMISSIVITY AND INITIAL PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION

CACHAN-NORD

CACHAN-SUD

CHEVILLY-LARUE

FRESNES

IVRY

L'HAY LES ROSES

ORLY 1ORLY 2

THIAIS

56°C

58°C

60°C

62°C

64°C

66°C

68°C

70°C

72°C

74°C

76°C

78°C



TEMPERATURE PATTERNS (YEAR 2005)

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 110000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

8000

8500

9000

9500

10000

10500

11000

Puits de production

Puits d'injection

GFR-1GFR-2

GTHI-1

GTHI-2

GCA-1

GCA-2

GCA-3GCA-4

GCHL-1

GCHL-2

GHLR-1GHLR-2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10



TEMPERATURE PATTERNS (YEAR 2030)

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 110000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

8000

8500

9000

9500

10000

10500

11000

Puits de production

Puits d'injection

GFR-1GFR-2

GTHI-1

GTHI-2

GCA-1

GCA-2

GCA-3GCA-4 GCHL-1

GCHL-2

GHLR-1GHLR-2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


SUSTAINABLE RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENTSIMULATED SCENARIOS

• WORKING ASSUMPTIONS. DESIGN FEATURES• Single/multiple well doublet/triplet heat mining arrays• Homogeneus/heterogeneus reservoir settings• Well life = 20 – 25 yrs• Reservoir life = 20 – 30 yrs (doublet/triplet thermal

breakthrough time)• Well spacing = 1000 – 1500 m• Heat mining schemes/schedules

• Existing doublet: 0-25 years• Mixed well triplet array: 25-50 years• New well doublet: 50-75 years

• DESIGN OBJECTIVE• Avoid undue premature cooling of producing wells• Achieve a minimum 75 years reservoir life



THE MULTIDOUBLET/HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIR CASE. SIMULATED AREA

AULNAY-SOUS-BOIS-RDV

AULNAY-SOUS-BOIS-VGS

BONDY

CLICHY-SOUS-BOIS

GARGES LES GONESSES

LA COURNEUVE NORDLA COURNEUVE SUD

LA VILLETTE

LE BLANC MESNIL

SEVRAN

VILLENEUVE LA GARENNE

G LC N3 (P)

G LC N 4 (I)G LC S3 (P)

G LC S4 (I)

G BM N 3 (P)

G BM N 4 (I)

56°C

58°C

60°C

62°C

64°C

66°C

68°C

70°C

72°C

74°C

76°C

78°C



THE MULTIDOUBLET/HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIR CASE. SIMULATED OUTPUTS (YEAR 27)

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 110000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

GLCS1

GLCS2

GLCN1

GLCN2

GBMN1

GGMN2

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10




0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 110000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

GCLS3

GCLS1

GCLS2

GCLN1

GCLN2

GCLN3

GBMN1

GBMN2

GBMN3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)




0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 110000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

GCLS1

GCLS2

GCLN1

GCLN2

GBMN1

GBMN2

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

GCLS3

GCLN3

GBMN3

GCLS4

GCLN4

GBMN4

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES (1)

•SCORE (as of year 2004)

•operating doublets 34

•success ratio 65%

•yearly geothermal heat production #1,000 GWht

•CO2 atmospheric emission savings 500,000 tons

•EXPECTATIONS•existing doublet life 75 yrs

•future GDH doublets 10-15

•geothermal heat demand projection #1,500 GWht

•Geothermal heating/cooling offer projection #2,500 GWht


SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES (2)MINING INVESTMENTS (103 €)2011-2035

-Existing doublet reconditioning/lining 450-Drilling/completion of a new, corrosion resistant, production well 3,000-Miscellaneous equipments/fittings 150

TOTAL 3,6002036-2060

-Abandonment (cementing) of the initial well doublet 350-Replacement of the production well fiberglass liner 450-Drilling/completion of a new, corrosion resistant, injection well 2,750-Miscellaneous equipments/fittings 200

TOTAL 3,750

COMAPARATIVE FIGURES

Capital investments (103 €)Natural gas cogeneration plant (rated 5 MWe) / Conventional, steel cased (9”5/8), well doublet

4,600 / 3,600

Cost prices (€)MWht geothermal / MWht cogeneration 5-8 / 3-4

ECOTAX PROJECTED IMPACTS (Carbon atmospheric emission tax) 50€/t

Impact on a 30,000 MWht/yr district heating doublet 200,000

Unit price impact 7€/MWht


ECONOMY (1)•INVESTMENT COSTS

•Total Paris Basin (52 doublets) #500 M€

•Doublet unit costs 10 M€

•Wells 3.3 (33%)

•Heat plant/geothermal loop 0.7 (7%)

•piping/substations 6.0 (60%)

•Ratings:•40000 MWht (geothermal = 30,000 MWht)

•Revenues (45 €/MWht) 1.8 M€

•OPERATION/MAINTENANCE COSTS (103 €)

Ref: 30,000 – 35,000 MWt rated plant

#700

•Energy 400

•Power 100

•Backup/relief fossil fuels 300

•Light maintenance/equipment replacement 40

•Heavy maintenance/equipment replacement 185

•Miscellaneus 75

FINANCIAL

•High debt (90%)/low equity (10%)

•Yearly debt repayment charge #1 M€


CONCLUSIONS• GDH scored well• State/public sector involvement proved a decisive

impetus• Operators exhibit mature technological and

entrepreneurial skills• Exploration/exploitation risks mastered to date• Sound resource/reservoir management outline• Sustainable heat mining, up to 50-75 years ahead,

secured• Improve image• Environmental, clean air, benefits to boost fiscally

incentive measures.

geothermal reservoir management. a thirty year practice in the paris basin

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