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ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Thirty years of geothermal
training in Iceland
Ingvar Birgir Fridleifsson
Director
UNU-GTP
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
History
• First official statement on establishing a UNUGeothermal Institute in Iceland was made byAmbassador Ingvi S. Ingvarsson in Tokyo, at the UNCommittee on Natural Resources 25 March 1975
• The UNU had just been established and the firstRector appointed, Mr. James R. Hester
• Only two governments had made pledges onfinancing the UNU: Japan 100 million USD; andSenegal 25 thousand USD
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
First proposal in 1976January 1976
• First proposal from Government of Iceland to UNUon possible venues of cooperation, geothermalenergy and fisheries technology
June 1976
• Vice-Rector Walter Manshard and Dr. James M.Harrisson visited institutions in Iceland which mightbecome Associated Institutions of UNU
• UNU showed preference for geothermal energy tostart with
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Establishment of UNU-GTP in 1978April 1978
• Government of Iceland adopts proposal for establishmentof UNU-GTP which is submitted to UNU in Tokyo
July 1978
• UNU Workshop on Training Needs in Geothermal Energy.Participants from El Salvador, Germany, Hungary,Iceland, India, Italy, Japan, Kenya, New Zealand,Philippines, and USA
• Dr. Guðmundur Pálmason, director of the GeothermalDivision of NEA, chaired the organizing committee for theWorkshop
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
UNU Workshop on Training Needs in Geothermal Energy
Laugarvatn
2008
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Establishment of UNU-GTP .....
October 1978• Government decided in October to ask Orkustofnun, the
National Energy Authority (NEA), to sign an Agreement on Association with the UNU, and to operate the UNU-GTP
December 1978• Agreement signed in Tokyo 27 December 1978 and in
Reykjavik 13 February 1979
May 1979• First UNU Fellows from Philippines arrive in Iceland
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
1979UNU Fellows Agnes Reyes and Nelson Bagamasbad
UNU Special Fellows Xin Kuide and Huang Shangyao P.R.China
Ingvar B. Fridleifsson, Stefan Sigurmundsson and Hjalti Franzson
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
United Nations University
Geothermal Training Programme
• Has operated in Iceland since 1979
• Aims at assisting developing countries with significant
geothermal potential to build up or strengthen groups of
specialists that cover most aspects of geothermal
exploration and development
• Offers annually six month specialised courses for
professionals in geothermal work
• Is hosted at Orkustofnun – National Energy Authority NEA
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Organization
• UNU-GTP is operated as an independent unit within NEA
• Four permanent staff members (employed by NEA)
• Academically governed by Studies Board
• About 50 individuals work part-time each year
• Teachers hired from Orkustofnun, ISOR, University of Iceland,energy utilities, consulting companies and other agencies
The success of the UNU-GTP is mainly due to the
excellent teachers and facilities
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Studies Board 2008• Guðmundur Ó.Friðleifsson HS Geological Exploration
• Hjalti Franzson ISOR Borehole Geology
• Knútur Árnason ISOR Geophysical Exploration
• Benedikt Steingrímsson ISOR Borehole Geophysics
• Guðni Axelsson ISOR Reservoir Engineering
• Halldór Ármannsson ISOR Environmental Studies
• Sverrir Þórhallsson ISOR Drilling Technology
• Stefán Arnórsson UI Chemistry of Thermal Fluids
• Páll Valdimarsson UI Geothermal Utilization
Members of Studies Board set academic standards
and design training schedules for each UNU Fellow
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Participation UNU-GTP
• 402 scientists and engineers from 43 countries have completed the 6 month specialized course
• Thereof 67 women (17%)
• MSc programme offered with University of Iceland since 2000. 15 graduates
• PhD programme offered with UI from 2008
1979 - 2008•Central &
Eastern Europe 15%
•Central
America 15%
•Africa 26%
Asia
44%
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Class of 2003 – 8 ladies
China
Russia
Mongolia
Kenya
Iran
El Salvador
Poland
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
26 7 7 6
811 10 11
68
1113 12
14 15 1618
1618
1418
1618
2018
20 21 21 22
1
13
44
5
6
912
15
1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Number of Fellows 1979 - 2008
UNU Fellows for 6 Months Training MSc Fellows PhD Fellows
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Fellows of the UNU Geothermal Training
Programme in Iceland 1979-2008
Kenya 42
Tanzania 4Burundi 1
Romania 5
Greece 3
Egypt 4 Jordan 6
Mongolia 8
Mexico 5
China 70
Russia 9
Philippines 31
Indonesia 24
Turkey 10
Thailand 5
Ethiopia 26
Poland 14
Honduras 2
Uganda 11
Eritrea 6 Djibouti 3
Vietnam 5
Latvia 1
Lithuania 2
Slovakia 2Ukraine 2
Georgia 1
Iran 19
Pakistan 4
Nepal 2
Algeria 3
Tunisia 6
Macedonia 1
Serbia 3
Nicaragua 7
Costa Rica 15
El Salvador 27
Guatemala 3
Bulgaria 5Azerbaijan 1Albania 1
Yemen 2
Rwanda1
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Top five countries and specializations
China Kenya Philippines El Salvador Ethiopia
Geological Exploration 1 1
Borehole Geology 3 4 4 1 3
Geophysical Exploration 1 9 5 3 4
Borehole Geophysics 2 4 2 1
Reservoir Engineering 24 6 9 4 5
Chemistry of Fluids 14 7 6 4 4
Environmental Studies 9 8 3 1
Geothermal Utilization 15 3 3 5 6
Drilling Technology 2 4 4 2
Total 70 42 31 27 26
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Top fourteen countries with the highest % share of
geothermal in their national electricity production
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
El Salvador
Kenya
Philippines
Iceland
Costa Rica
Nicaragua
Guadeloupe
New Zealand
Indonesia
Mexico
Guatemala
Italy
USA
Japan
27
42
31
15
7
24
5
3
Number of UNU Fellows
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
UNU Fellows from China
1980-2008
70 UNU Fellows
Reservoir eng. 24
Chemistry 14
Geothermal eng. 15
Environmental 9
Geology 3
Geophysics 3
Drilling eng. 2
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Contact with UNU headquarters
• Operational contact mainly
bewteen UNU-GTP director
and senior staff in Tokyo
• Very good cooperation
• Particular thanks are due to Dr.
Abraham Besrat who was the
main contact 1986-1998 and
key person in establishing
UNU-FTP in Iceland
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
UNU-GTP graduates
.. are among the leading specialists in geothermal research and development in many countries in Africa, Asia, Central America and Eastern Europe
.. have been very successful, and have contributed significantly to renewable energy development in their parts of the world
.. are very active in the international geothermal community
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
World Geothermal Congress 200577 UNU Fellows from 25 countries presented papers
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Short courses as Contribution to UN
Millennium Development Goals
Government of Iceland has secured core funding for the UNU-GTP to organize annual workshops/short courses in geothermal development in:
African countries (held in Kenya 2005, 2006, 2007) Central American countries (held in El Salvador 2006, 2007)
Asian countries (starting in China in May 2008)
A part of the objective is to increase cooperation between geothermal specialists in different countries and continents
The courses may in the future develop into regional geothermal training centres
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Workshop for Decision Makers on Geothermal
Projects and their Management Kenya 2005
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Short Course on
Surface
Exploration
in Kenya 2007
Participants
from 10
East African
Countries
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Workshop for Decision Makers on Geothermal Projects
in Central America El Salvador 2006
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Short Course on exploration, resource
assessment and environmental issues
El Salvador 2007
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
118 participants on the first day of the Workshop
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Members of the UNU family in Iceland
UNU Fisheries Training Programme
• Established in 1998
• Based on same model as UNU-GTP
• Core activity six month specialized training
• 167 graduates from 30 countries
• MSc and PhD programmes in cooperation with UI
• Short Courses in developing countries
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Kenya 41, 7
Tanzania 3, 7
Burundi 1
Romania 5
Greece 3
Egypt 4Jordan 5
Mongolia 8
Mexico 4, 5
China 65, 10
Russia 9, 5
Philippines 31
Indonesia 22
Turkey 10
Thailand 5
Ethiopia 25
Poland 14
Honduras 2
Uganda 10, 13
Eritrea 5 Djibouti 2
Vietnam 5, 12
Latvia 1Lithuania 2
Slovakia 2Ukraine 2
Georgia 1
Iran 19, 6
Pakistan 4
Nepal 2
Algeria 3
Tunisia 6
Macedonia 1
Serbia 3
Nicaragua 6
Costa Rica 14
El Salvador 25
Guatemala 3
Bulgaria 5Azerbaijan 1
Sri Lanka 11Malaysia 7
Fiji 1
Tonga 1
Vanuatu 1
UNU-GTP Fellows 1979-2007 (380 from 41 countries)
UNU-FTP Fellows 1998-2007 (144 from 23 countries)
Albania 1
South Africa 2
Cuba 12
Estonia 5
Namibia 7
Mauritius 4
Malawi 4
Mozambique 8
Gambia 6
Angola 1
D.P.R of Korea 2
Argentina1
Cape Verde 6
UNU-GTP
UNU-FTP
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Proposed New UNU programme in Iceland
Land Restoration Training Programme
• Based on same model as UNU-GTP and UNU-FTP
• Core activity six month specialized training
• Pilot phase started 2008 with 6 Fellows
• Will be financed by Government of Iceland like UNU-GTP and UNU-FTP
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Th
ou
sa
nd
US
D
Year
Icelandic contribution 1979-2008UNU Fisheries UNU Geothermal
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
UNU-GTP plans for 2008-2012
• Core activity will continue to be specialized six month training with about 20 Fellows annually
• MSc programme (18-24 months) with University of Iceland with about 12 MSc Fellows per year
• PhD programme starting with University of Iceland 2008 with 1-2 Fellowships per year
• Annual Workshops/Short courses in Africa, Asia, and Central America will involve considerable expansion of the activities
• These may develop into sustainable regional geothermal training centres
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
UNU-GTP plans for 2008-2012............
• To meet requests of developing countries for expansion of capacity building and degree oriented research, the UNU-GTP must strengthen further its ties with the University of Iceland, ISOR and the geothermal industry
• The excellent network of UNU Fellows in over 30 developing countries is of great value for promotion of geothermal worldwide
• This rather unique network needs to be nurtured and expanded
• To meet these tasks, the UNU-GTP has to be strengthened as an institution both in Iceland and within the UNU
ORKUSTOFNUN 30 Years of Geothermal Training in Iceland IBF August 2008
UNU Geothermal Training Programme
Thank You
Many thanks to all who have
participated in and supported
the UNU-GTP