Geography Project 2014 -1

Group7

1.Details2.Aims3.Variables4.Hypothesis & Rationale 5.Methodology6.Comparison 7.Evaluation8.Conclusion

Agenda

Details: • Ian Ng (23) - Group Leader and

Measurer

• Fan Kai Sheng (08) - Results Recorder

• Heng Wei (11) - Results Recorder

• Dragon Chew (04) - Photographer

AimTo investigate the effects of solar radiation (heat) on air temperature at a given height.

To find out if concrete areas are hotter than non-concrete areas.

Hypothesis, Rationale & Counter Proposal

• As the proximity to concrete surfaces increases, the air temperature increases due to the heat retained and trapped by the concrete.

• The further it is from the ground, and therefore, the closer it is to the sun, it gets hotter as the sun rays are shone directly, thus causing the air to heat up faster.

VariablesCONSTANT

1. Height from surface (15cm, 1m)

2. Testing Grounds

INDEPENDENT

1. Surface material (Concrete, rubber, grass & soil)

2. Clouds, presence of water, vegetation, dust particles

need to further analyse your data and use it as an evidence to accept or reject hypothesis

MethodologyAnd Pictures of Site

WeatherDAY 1:

SUNNY, HOT, CLOUDLESS, WINDLESS

DAY 2:

LESS SUNNY, LESS HOT, CLOUDY, WINDY

Top Floor Of Multi Storey Car Park - Site ASurrounded by concrete and cars. Open-air with little shelter. Highest elevation point among testing grounds.

Some cars were dusty and thus, trapping heat. The concrete floor was very hot to human touch.

Garden Outside Printing Centre - Site BLush vegetation in surrounding with only a path walk made from concrete. School buildings 50m away doesn't provide much shade.

Open Space Between Block C and Canteen - Site C

Surface material was grass and soil with concrete paving 10 m away. Not much shelter with open air concept.

Terraces - Site DMade out of concrete. Trees located at the top of terraces, about 25m away from testing point. Rubber track is located 25m down and field with grass and soil about 70m out.

The vegetation and synthetic material don’t really trap heat and there is hardly any shade.

Field - Site E Surrounded by grass. From testing point at centre of the arena, it is 50m from the track and about a 100m from the concrete terraces.

It is open air with no shelter, tall trees or buildings.

Running Track - Site FMade up of synthetic rubber which is a poor conductor of heat. Located 5 m from field and concrete terraces in the middle.

The field has vegetation which cools it down while the concrete does the opposite.

Fountain Area Outside General Office - Site G The site is located a metre away from water source. Temperature may be affected by already-existing evaporated water vapour. So, it is lowered as the surrounding air loses heat to them.

The floor is made out of stone, and thus, a poor conductor. Some shrubs nearby but hardly any shelter.

Comparisons Conclusions And Evaluations

Table

InferenceBased on average, both heights for day 1, the order from hottest to coolest is: F, E, D, A, B, C, G.

For day 2, its is: E, F, C, D, A, B, G.

But general air temperature, regardless of height, it is: E, F, C, D, A, B, G.

ResultsThe hottest area turned out to be the field area and running track though it has vegetation.

The concrete areas of the Car Park and Terraces disappointed, coming in in the middle places.

The worst was the area next to the fountain.

EvaluationOur 2nd aim was answered, that not necessarily are concrete places hotter than and non-concrete places.

It is also unanimously shown that it is hotter further from ground than that of further away.

Also, water affects the air temperature the most.

ConclusionOnly our second hypothesis was correct and not our first. We suspect it is because the concrete retains and traps heat in the actual pavement, but being a poor conductor of heat, it releases heat and warms the surrounding air at very slow rate.

This is unexpected. We think it is because of the cloud cover which reflected more rays, thus resulting in the anomaly.

EndThank You

Garden Outside Printing Centre - Site BLush vegetation in surrounding with only a path walk made from concrete. School buildings 50m away doesn't provide much shade.

Open Space Between Block C and Canteen - Site C

Surface material was grass and soil with concrete paving 10 m away. Not much shelter with open air concept.

Terraces - Site DMade out of concrete. Trees located at the top of terraces, about 25m away from testing point. Rubber track is located 25m down and field with grass and soil about 70m out.

The vegetation and synthetic material don’t really trap heat and there is hardly any shade.

Field - Site E Surrounded by grass. From testing point at centre of the arena, it is 50m from the track and about a 100m from the concrete terraces.

It is open air with no shelter, tall trees or buildings.

Running Track - Site FMade up of synthetic rubber which is a poor conductor of heat. Located 5 m from field and concrete terraces in the middle.

The field has vegetation which cools it down while the concrete does the opposite.

Fountain Area Outside General Office - Site G The site is located a metre away from water source. Temperature may be affected by already-existing evaporated water vapour. So, it is lowered as the surrounding air loses heat to them.

The floor is made out of stone, and thus, a poor conductor. Some shrubs nearby but hardly any shelter.

Comparisons Conclusions And Evaluations

Table

InferenceBased on average, both heights for day 1, the order from hottest to coolest is: F, E, D, A, B, C, G.

For day 2, its is: E, F, C, D, A, B, G.

But general air temperature, regardless of height, it is: E, F, C, D, A, B, G.

ResultsThe hottest area turned out to be the field area and running track though it has vegetation.

The concrete areas of the Car Park and Terraces disappointed, coming in in the middle places.

The worst was the area next to the fountain.

EvaluationOur 2nd aim was answered, that not necessarily are concrete places hotter than and non-concrete places.

It is also unanimously shown that it is hotter further from ground than that of further away.

Also, water affects the air temperature the most.

ConclusionOnly our second hypothesis was correct and not our first. We suspect it is because the concrete retains and traps heat in the actual pavement, but being a poor conductor of heat, it releases heat and warms the surrounding air at very slow rate.

This is unexpected. We think it is because of the cloud cover which reflected more rays, thus resulting in the anomaly.

EndThank You