Welcome EveryoneTo the Introduction to Geothermal

Heat Pump Technology!

Introduction to Geothermal•What is geothermal technology and how does it work

•Technology & Components

•Heat Pump Operation

•Earth Loops & options

•Applications

•What are the benefits of geothermal

•Keys to Success

What is Geothermal Heat Pump Technology and

How Does It Work

Deep Earth Geothermal Energy?

Not Quite this kind!

Where can Geo be Used

• Geothermal Heat Pumps are a indirect solar heating system!

The earth is like a solar battery absorbing nearly half of the sun’s energy. The ground stays a relatively constant

temperature through the seasons, providing a warm source in winter & a cool heat sink in summer.

5% absorbed by clouds.

19% reflected by clouds.

8% reflected by surface.

21% absorbed by water vapor, dust

47% absorbed by ground

Space

Atmosphere

Earth

100% It’s a Heat Source in Winter…

Minus 30°F in winter

70°F

A Geothermal System cools the ground in winter & transfers the heat into the building…

45-55°F

Insulating layer of earth

And It’s A Cool Place to Dump Heat in Summer

Plus 95°F in summer70°F

45-55°F …and cools the building in summer by rejecting heat to the cooler ground

Insulating layer of earth

Heat Is Transferred Through anEarth Loop

Plastic pipe is buried in the earth around the building

When hot or cold liquid is pumped through the pipe, it warms or cools the earth around it

45-55°F

Insulating layer of earth

Earth LoopsThey are an Investment in Energy!

So.. It’s Like Having Your Own Energy Well, But…

• It comes from your own backyard (no transportation cost)

• It’s free & renewable• It’s environmentally friendly

• It’s available everywhere and

• It heats, cools, & does hot water

What are the Components of a Geothermal System

Main Components of a Geothermal Heat Pump System

Air Loop

Earth Loop

RefrigerantLoop

Domestic Hot Water Loop (optional)

What is a Heat Pump• Heat pumps are refrigeration devices

– Refrigerators, freezers, AC units, dehumidifiers, and ice machines are all heat pumps

• Heat pumps use the refrigeration cycle– The refrigeration cycle can leverage and multiply

input energy into additional Btu’s. (Connected to the earth, performance can be as much as 5 times the input)

• Heat pump systems move heat energy, which already exists, from one place to the other – does not create heat.

• Ground heat exchanger’s use the earth’s stable temperature to help improve heating and cooling efficiency.

• Phase changes within the heat pump heat exchangers from liquids to gas and gas to liquids move energy.

How does the heat pump work The Geothermal System-Heating

45°°°°

38°°°°115°°°°70°°°°

System removes heat from the loop

System intensifies the heat with the

compressor

Fan distributes heat to the space

25°°°°

55°°°°

200°°°°

95°°°°

High PressureLow Pressure

The Geothermal System-Cooling

70°°°°

80°°°°

78°°°° 55°°°°

System dumps all the heat to the loop

Compressor adds a small amount of heat

to the system

Indoor coil removes heat & moisture from the air-adds to system

120°°°°

75°°°°

200°°°°

45°°°°

Low PressureHigh Pressure

Domestic Hot Water Loop

DesuperheaterGenerates hot water whenever

compressor is in operation to heat or cool the home

Domestic Water Heater

Standard electric unit

Saves up to 60% on hot water costs

annually!

Earth Loop

•Closed Loop Systems (Re-circulated)

•Horizontal loop configurations

•Vertical loop configurations

•Pond loop configurations

•All loops are sized for the same results

•Each produces the same annual operating costs

•Residential loops have 75-150 gallons of fluid

•Open Loop System

•Pump & Dump or Well Water

Earth Loop Options

Vertical Loop Horizontal Loop

Open Loop Pond Loop

Loop System Materials

• Ground loop piping (200+ year life)– Plastic pipe – high density polyethylene which

is a higher grade than natural gas pipelines– Heat fusion method of joining pipe & fittings –

very reliable method which makes one continuous pipe

– Antifreeze heat transfer solution-Food grade– Small pumping station-low energy

consumption and reliable components– 50 year Manufacturer warranty on pipe

Applications for Geothermal

•Typical forced air heating and cooling

•New Construction or Retrofit

•Domestic hot water heating systems

•Radiant floor heating systems

•Pool/spa water heating systems

•Dual fuel heating systems

•Residential/Commercial/Industrial/Agricultural

Distribution Systems-Air Loop

• Warm or cold air blown through ductwork

• Zone Control (optional)• Excellent Comfort

Innovative Controls

Typical Ground Loop Application

FlexibleDuct Collar

AuxiliaryElectric

Heat

Air PadP/T Plugs

Hose Kit

FlowController

To Loop

•Water-Air Heat Pump•Heating/Cooling Forced Air

Dual Fuel Geothermal Application Distribution Systems-Hydronic Loop

• Additional method of distribution

• Hydronic Systems –Heating providing with warm water distributed with in floor tubing

• Room Zone Control• Outstanding Comfort

What are the benefits of a Geothermal system

Geothermal Energy

4-5 units delivered to the space

=400-500% Efficient

3-4 units of energymoved from the earth

1 unit of electrical energy

Energy Savings• Average Home in the midwest uses 80-120mil

Btu’s per year for heating• Geothermal Heat pumps – roughly 2/3 of the

Btu’s are free during the heating season• That means you only purchase 1/3 of those Btu’s• That Equals 30-70% Energy Savings!• Saves on energy consumption for future

generations – No more power plants

Less Environmental Impact

Greenhouse Gas Reduction

Replacing a gas furnace with a Geothermal System in an average home reduces Green House Gas

emissions by about the same amount as removing two cars from the road!

=

Hot Water 22%

Heating & A.C. 64%

Conventional SystemConventional System

Residential Energy UseResidential Energy UseLighting

3%Appliances 11%

Lighting 3%

Appliances 11%

Hot Water 16%

Heating & A.C. 19%

Free Geothermal

51%

Residential Energy UseResidential Energy Use

Geothermal SystemGeothermal System

Cost of Energy for HeatingCost Per Million BTU

$0.00

$5.00

$10.00

$15.00

$20.00

$25.00

$30.00

Heating Systems

Dol

lars

Geo #1

Geo #2

ASHP #1

ASHP #2

Electric

Nat Gas

LP Gas

Fuel Oil

$.05/kw h $.10/kw h $.05/kw h $.10/kw h $.05/kw h $1.25/ccf $2.25/gal $3.00/gal

•Average 3000sqft home in LaCrosse, WI uses between80-100 million Btu’s each heating season!

Sample Home in LaCrosse, WI

Vs. Natural Gas Vs. Propane Gas

Fossil Fuels

1 unit of purchased fossil

fuel

80-95% of heat to the building

5-20% of heat up the chimney

You would have to purchase Natural gas at $.80/therm, or LP gas at $.73/gal to equal

geothermal at $.10/kw

(Comparing 95% Efficient AFUE Furnace)

Gas/Electric HVAC System

14.6 kWhThermal

1.6 kWhThermal

PowerPlant

Gas 13.1 kWhThermal 11.8 kWhThermal

1.1 kWh T

0.5 kWh ELEC(fan power)

Generation and Transmission Losses

Fan 0.5 kWh Thermal

Gas 9.5 kWh Thermal

Total 10.0 kWh Thermal

The natural gas system loses about 10% in the transmission proces s and another 5 to 10% at the furnace. Electricity is also needed for the fur nace fans. The total required to deliver 10 kWh to the building is 14.6 from the source. This is an overall efficiency of 68% source to delivered.

Gas Furnace90% Eff. 9.5 kWh Thermal

1.3 kWh2.3 kWh

(Load)

(Source)Fan

Furnace

Electric Resistance

1 unit of purchased electricity

1 unit of heat to the building

You would have to purchase electricity at $.029/kwh to equal geothermal at $.10/kwh

Electric Resistance

30 kWhThermalPower Plant 10 kWhElec

ResistanceHeat 10 kWhThermal

The required input energy to deliver 10 kWh of heat to a home using an resistance heat would be 30 kWh. About 70% of the input energy is lost during the generation and transmission process of a typical fossil-fuel power plant. The resistance heat will deliver a 1 to 1 ratio of energy supplied to energy delivered.

20 kWh T

Generating and Transmission Losses

Source Load

Air Source Heat Pump

17 kWhThermalPower Plant 5 kWhElec

ConventionalHeat Pump 10 kWhThermal

The required input energy to deliver 10 kWh of heat to a home using an air-source heat pump would be 17 kWh. About 70% of the input energy is lost during the generation and transmission process of a typical fossil-fuel power plant. The air-source heat pump will deliver a COP of 2 when defrost and auxiliary heat penalties are properly applied.

12 kWh T

Generating and Transmission Losses

Source Load

Geothermal – Input Energy

A small amount of electricity is used to power

the compressor, circulating pump & blower

Geothermal – Output Energy

4-5 units delivered to the space

=400-500% Efficient

3-4 units of energymoved from the earth

1 unit of electrical energy

9 kWh T Power Plant 2.7 kWh E

6.3 kWh T

Ground Source Heat Pump COP = 3.7

10 kWh T

GSHP require only 9 kWh T from the source to provide 10 kWhT to the building since they can provide a COP of 3.7

Generation and Transmission Losses

Source Load

Standard Generation + GSHP

Advanced Generation + GSHP

6 kWh T

Natural GasCombined-Cycle

Power Plant2.7 kWh E

3.3 kW

h T

Ground Source Heat Pump

10 kWh T

Generation efficiency approaches 55% compared with 35% for a steam cycle alone. GSHP require only 6 kWhT from the source to provide 10 kWh T to the building due to the increase in power plant efficie ncy.

Generation and Transmission Losses

Additional Benefits

• Free & Renewable Energy - Solar• Quiet Operation• All Electric - Safe• Increased comfort levels• More reliable equipment• Less maintenance• Aesthetics of the home

Earth Energy Systems…

• are recognized as ““the leading space the leading space conditioning technology in all locations & from conditioning technology in all locations & from most perspectives most perspectives –– operating performance, operating performance, annualized cost, environmental impact & annualized cost, environmental impact & attractiveness to utilities as a DSM measureattractiveness to utilities as a DSM measure””(U.S. EPA report 430-R-93-004)

•• ““have a higher mitigating effect on GHG have a higher mitigating effect on GHG emissions and global warming impacts than emissions and global warming impacts than any other marketany other market--available technologyavailable technology””(NRCan market analysis)

What can go wrong

• The design and sizing of the system & components

• Un-Qualified or Un-trained installer

• To small of a loop field

• Improper loop for soil conditions

• Ductwork sizing & installation

• Radiant floor design & installation

= High Utility Bills & Poor Comfort

Keys to Success

• The design and sizing of the system

• Design and installation of the earth loop system

• Don’t try any new techniques that haven’t been proven or tested

• Ask for referrals

• Ask lot’s of questions

• Selecting the proper contractor

Additional notes

• Lights dimming – Soft start kits• USDA grants for ag communities

Questions??? Comments!!!

Thank You!