By:Kranz Buere

Lemar Lorzano

When would we need an emergency generator?

How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?

Causes of Outages Weather: lightning, wind,

rain, snow, heat, cold and ice Utility Equipment problems

and grid overload Fallen trees or tree growth Animal Contact Human Error: Underground

digging, cranes, traffic, vandalism, etc.

Misc.: Mechanical damage, construction error, fire, etc.

Risks involved during a loss of power Loss of Communications Loss of Security Lost or Corrupted Data Lost Productivity Lost Confidence Continuation of Emergency

Services

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Catastrophic Events and Weather cause us to question the reliability of our critical power systems

What risks are real? What are the most

common failures of emergency power?

Area Date Cause Without Power

CA 6/06 Grid Failures

2,500,000

St. Louis 7/06 T-Storms 700,000

Buffalo 10/06 Snow 400,000

St. Louis 12/06 Snow/Ice 720,000

WA/OR 12/06 T-Storms, Wind

1,500,000

OK/MO 1/07 Ice 500,000

Northeast 4/07 Snow 500,000

NY 6/07 T-Storms 385,000

Chicago 8/07 T-Storms 615,000

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When would we need an emergency generator?

How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?

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Generator and Automatic Transfer Switch

Permanent or Rental Generator

Emergency Generators are complex System Design, Installation, On-going

Maintenance impact reliability. Single Generator designs have single points of

failure Rental Power backup strategy Consider Integrated Paralleling Solution with

multiple generators Fuel Reliability

Natural Gas, Propane, Diesel, Bi-fuel How much fuel is enough? Is fuel maintained?

Costs Fuel type, paralleled solution, enclosures,

connectivity features What is the best solution for critical power?

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Generator

Critical Transfer Switch

EquipmentTransfer Switch

GeneratorDistribution Panel

Status: Normal

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

UtilityDistribution Panel

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Generator

Critical Transfer Switch

EquipmentTransfer Switch

GeneratorDistribution Panel

Status: Utility failure

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

UtilityDistribution Panel

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Generator

Critical Transfer Switch

EquipmentTransfer Switch

GeneratorDistribution Panel

Status: Line interrupt delay

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

UtilityDistribution Panel

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Critical Transfer Switch

EquipmentTransfer Switch

GeneratorDistribution Panel

Status: Transfer switches signal generator to start

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

UtilityDistribution Panel

Generator

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Critical Transfer Switch

EquipmentTransfer Switch

GeneratorDistribution Panel

Status: Transfer switches verify rated output

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

UtilityDistribution Panel

Generator

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Critical Transfer Switch

EquipmentTransfer Switch

GeneratorDistribution Panel

Status: Transfer switches transfer to generator

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

UtilityDistribution Panel

Generator

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Critical Transfer Switch

EquipmentTransfer Switch

GeneratorDistribution Panel

Status: Utility is re-energized

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

UtilityDistribution Panel

Generator

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Critical Transfer Switch

EquipmentTransfer Switch

GeneratorDistribution Panel

Status: Return-to-utility timer

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

UtilityDistribution Panel

Generator

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Critical Transfer Switch

EquipmentTransfer Switch

GeneratorDistribution Panel

Status: The load is transferred back to utility, generator cool-down begins

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

UtilityDistribution Panel

Generator

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Critical Transfer Switch

EquipmentTransfer Switch

GeneratorDistribution Panel

Status: Generator shuts down

SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

UtilityDistribution Panel

Generator

When would we need an emergency generator?

How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?

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Full or Limited Operation? Standby Generator

picks up selected loads automatically

Orderly Shutdown? UPS backs up

selected loads until they can be shut down

No Backup? No power until the

utility returns No services provided

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Who will be in charge? Determine the loads to be backed up What is the Voltage and Amperage? Where will the generator be located? How will it be hooked up to the building?

Who will hook it up? Have we scheduled a practice outage?

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When would we need an emergency generator?

How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?

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Lighting Computers Security System and Phone System Air Conditioning/Heat UPS/Data Pumps (fuel, water, etc) Other electrical equipment

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When would we need an emergency generator?

How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?

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After selecting loads (Whole or Limited) What is the Voltage (single or three phase) What is the Amperage needed Oversize the generator by 25% to handle motor starting

and unexpected loads Work with Engineer, Electrician or Generator Dealer

Make a written plan for this if you are relying on rental power

kW = Volts * Amps * 1.732 * 0.8 1000

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When would we need an emergency generator?

How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?

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Generator Dealers (Generac, Cat, Cummins, Kohler, MTU) Equipment Rental Houses (United, RSC, Hertz) Make prior arrangements with supplier Have a backup plan to your backup plan!

In a weather related outage, the rental inventories are limited Have an electrician hook it up

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When would we need an emergency generator?

How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?

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Done properly, and rental strategy could work

Plan aheadSave costsEmergency power only when neededGuaranteed contract should be

consideredElectrician should hook it upTrain personnel on operationHave a practice power outage

Done poorly, it won’t work Plan everything Who is trained on-site to operate the generator? What loads are backed up?

Volts/Amps/kW Rating Who will deliver the generator?

Dealer or outside service Are the roads blocked due to the storm?

Where will the connections be made in the building?

Who provides the cables? Where will I get fuel? Do I have a backup plan for

fuel? How quiet is it? Is it sized properly? How will I pay for it?

Purchase Automatic Standby Power Immediately available during an outage Maintenance Plan Exercise automatically, preparing you for an outage Very affordable at any kW size

Diesel Natural Gas or Propane Bifuel

Quiet

When would we need an emergency generator?

How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?

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