general consulted - home - springer978-3-0348-6516-6...scheving, l.e., franz halberg and j. e....

19
Literature 337 General Sources Consulted Bonner, J. T., (1974) On Development: the Biology of Form, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press). Brandon, S.G.F., (1962) Man and His Destiny in the Great Religions, (Manches- ter: Manchester University Press). -, (1965) History, Time and Deity, (Manchester: Manchester University Press). Davies, P. C. W., (1974) The Physics of Time Asymmetry, (Berkeley: University of Califomia Press). Doob, L. W., (1971) Patterning of Time, (New Haven: Yale University Press). Fischer, Roland, (1967) ed., "Interdisciplinary Perspectives of Time," New York Academy of Sciences, Annals, v. 138, art. 2, p. 367-915. Fraser, J. T., (1966) ed., The Voiees ofTime, (New York: Braziller). -, (1975) Of Time, Passion and Knowledge: Reflections on the Strategy of Existence, (New York: Braziller). -, F.C. Haber and G.H. Müller, (1972) eds., The Study ofTime I, (New York and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag). -,and Nathaniel Lawrence, (1975) eds., The Study of Time II, (New York and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag). -, Nathaniel Lawrence and D.A. Park, (1978) eds., The Study of Time III, (N ew York and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag). Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas, (1971) The Entropy Law and the Economic Process, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press). Gunnell, J. G., (1968) Political Philosophy and Time, (Middletown, Conn: Wes- leyan University Press). Leon-Portilla, Miguel, (1973) Time and Reality in the Thought of the Maya, C. L. Boiles and Femando Horcasitas, trs., (Boston: Beacon Press). Patrides, C.A., (1976) ed., Aspects of Time, (Manchester: Manchester University Press). Scheving, L.E., Franz Halberg and J. E. Pauly, (1974) eds., Chronobiology, (Tokyo: Igaku Shoin). Sherover, C.M., (1975) The Human Experienee of Timei the Development of its Philosophie Meaning. (New York: New York University Press). Whitrow. G.J., (1961) The Natural Philosophy of Time, (London and Edinburgh: Nelson). Literature Cited Atkin, R.H., (1974) Mathematical Structure in Human Affairs, (New York: Crane and Russak). Beckett, Samuel (1954) Waitingfor Godot, (New York: Grove Press). -, (1958) Endgame, (New York: Grove Press). Beer, Stalford, (1967) Decision and Control, (New York: Wiley).

Upload: vuque

Post on 21-Jun-2018

217 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Literature 337

General Sources Consulted

Bonner, J. T., (1974) On Development: the Biology of Form, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press).

Brandon, S.G.F., (1962) Man and His Destiny in the Great Religions, (Manches­ter: Manchester University Press).

-, (1965) History, Time and Deity, (Manchester: Manchester University Press).

Davies, P. C. W., (1974) The Physics of Time Asymmetry, (Berkeley: University of Califomia Press).

Doob, L. W., (1971) Patterning of Time, (New Haven: Yale University Press). Fischer, Roland, (1967) ed., "Interdisciplinary Perspectives of Time," New York

Academy of Sciences, Annals, v. 138, art. 2, p. 367-915. Fraser, J. T., (1966) ed., The Voiees ofTime, (New York: Braziller).

-, (1975) Of Time, Passion and Knowledge: Reflections on the Strategy of Existence, (New York: Braziller).

-, F.C. Haber and G.H. Müller, (1972) eds., The Study ofTime I, (New York and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag).

-,and Nathaniel Lawrence, (1975) eds., The Study of Time II, (New York and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag).

-, Nathaniel Lawrence and D.A. Park, (1978) eds., The Study of Time III, (N ew York and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag).

Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas, (1971) The Entropy Law and the Economic Process, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press).

Gunnell, J. G., (1968) Political Philosophy and Time, (Middletown, Conn: Wes­leyan University Press).

Leon-Portilla, Miguel, (1973) Time and Reality in the Thought of the Maya, C. L. Boiles and Femando Horcasitas, trs., (Boston: Beacon Press).

Patrides, C.A., (1976) ed., Aspects of Time, (Manchester: Manchester University Press).

Scheving, L.E., Franz Halberg and J. E. Pauly, (1974) eds., Chronobiology, (Tokyo: Igaku Shoin).

Sherover, C.M., (1975) The Human Experienee of Timei the Development of its Philosophie Meaning. (New York: New York University Press).

Whitrow. G.J., (1961) The Natural Philosophy of Time, (London and Edinburgh: Nelson).

Literature Cited

Atkin, R.H., (1974) Mathematical Structure in Human Affairs, (New York: Crane and Russak).

Beckett, Samuel (1954) Waitingfor Godot, (New York: Grove Press). -, (1958) Endgame, (New York: Grove Press).

Beer, Stalford, (1967) Decision and Control, (New York: Wiley).

338 Time as Conflict

Bergman, Ingmar, (1960) Four Screenplays of Ingmar Bergman, (New York: Simon and Schuster).

-, (1972) Persona and Shame, Keith Bradfie1d, tr., (New York: Grossman). Bemal, J. D., (1967) The Origins of Life, (Cleveland: World). Brain, Lord, (1963) "Some Reflections on Brain and Mind," Brain, v. 86, p. 381-

402. Browne, Thomas, (1658) The Garden ofCyrus. Caims-Smith, A. G., (1971) The Life Puzzle: On Crystals and Organisms and on the

Possibility of a Crystal as an Ancestor, (Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd). -, (197.5) "A Case for Alien Ancestry," Proceedings of the Royal Society,

London, B. v. 189, p. 249-74. Chaitin, G.J., (1975) "Randomness and Mathematical Proof," Scientific Ameri­

can, (May),p. 47-52. Conrad, Joseph, (1897) The Nigger ofthe Narcissus, (New York: Collier, 1966). Cusanus, Nicolaus, (1440) Of Learned Ignorance, Germain Heron, tr., (London:

Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954). Dostoyevski, F.M. (1864) Notesfrom Underground, B.G. Guemey, tr., in C. Neid­

er, ed., Short Novels ofthe Masters (New York: Reinhart & Co., 1948). Dürrenmatt, Friedrich, (1965) Four Plays, (New York: Grove Press). Eddington, A.S., (1928) The Nature ofthe Physical World (Ann Arbor: University

of Michigan Press, 1958). Ehrenzweig, Anton, (1965) The Psychoanalysis of Artistic Vision and Hearing,

(New York: Braziller). Ehret, C.F., (1974) "The Sense of Time: Evidence for its Molecular Basis in the

Eurkaryotic Gene-Action System," Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, J.H. Lawrence and J.G. Hamilton, eds., (New York: Academic Press), v. 15.

Einstein, Albert, (1922) Sidelights on Relativity, G.B. Jeffrey and W. Perrett, trs., (London, Methuen).

-, (1949) "Autobiographical Notes," Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, P.A. Schilpp, ed., (New York: Tudor), p. 1-96

Encyclopedia of Bioethics, (forthcoming) W. T. Reich, ed., (Glencoe: The Free Press).

English, H. B. and A. C. English, (1964) A Comprehensive Dictionary of Psychologi-cal and Psychoanalytical Terms, (New York: McKay).

Erikson, E.H. (1968) Identity, Youth, and Crisis, (New York: Norton). Fowles, John, (1975) The Ebony Tower, (New York: The New American Library). Fraser, J. T., (1970) "Time as a Hierarchy of Creative Conflicts," Studium

Generale, v. 23, p. 597-689. -, (1978) "Aspects of Time, Infinity, and the World in Enlightenment

Thought." Read the Eighth Annual Meeting, American Society for Eighteenth Century Studies. Unpublished.

Galileo, Galilei, (1623) Opere, (Firenze, 1844), v. 4 "Ill Saggiatore." A translation may be found in The Controversy on the Comets of 1618, Stillman Drake and C.D. O'Malley, trs., (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1960).

Literature 339

Gheorgiu, V.C., (1950) The Twenty-Fifth Hour, R. Eldon, tr., (Chicago: Henry Regnery).

Gibson, J.J., (1966) The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems, (Boston: Houghton Miffiin).

Gödel, Kurt, (1962) On Forma/ly Undecidable Pro positions of Principia Mathemati­ca and Related Systems, B. Meltzer, tr., (Edinburgh and London: Oliver & Boyd).

Goodwin, Brian, (1976) "On some re1ationships between embryogenesis and cognition," Theoria to Theory, v. 10, p. 33-44.

Granet, Marce1, (1975) Chinese Thought, (New York: Arno Press). Ha1dane, J. B. S., (1929) "The Origin of Life," reprinted in J. D. Bemal, The

Origins of Life, (C1eve1and: World, 1967), p. 242-9. Hartocollis, Peter, (1976) "On the Experience of Time and Its Dynamics with

Special Reference to Affects," Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, v. 24, p. 363-75.

Hastings, J. W. and Hans-George Schweiger, (1976) eds., The Molecular Basis of Circadian Rhythms, (Berlin: Abakon).

Illich, Ivan, (1976) Medical Nemesis: The Expropriation of Health, (New York: Pantheon).

Jerison, H.J., (1973) Evolution ofthe Brain and Intelligence, (New York: Academ­ie Press).

Jones, M.R., (1976) "Time, Our Lost Dimension: Toward a New Theory of Pereeption, Attention, and Memory," Psychological Review, v. 83, p. 323-55.

Kazantzakis, Nikos, (1960) The Saviors of God, Kimon Friar, tr., (New York: Simon and Shuster).

Kep1er, Johannes, (1619) De Harmonice Mundi in Gesammelte Werke, M. Caspar, ed., (München: Beck, 1940).

Kitaro, Nishida, (1966) Intelligibility and the Philosophy of Nothingness, R. S. Hin­ziger, tr., (Hono1u1u: East-West Center).

Kojeve, A1exander, (1964) "L'Origine Chretienne de 1a Science Moderne," Melanges Alexander Koyre, (Paris: Hermann).

Lawrence, Nathanie1, (1962) "Esthetic Creativity vs. Esthetic Appreciation," Journal ofthe American Association of Museums, (Oct.), v. 40, p. 20-24.

Lederberg, Joshua, (1966) "Experimental genetics and human evolution," Ameri­can Naturalist, v. 100, p. 519-31.

Lenneberg, E. H., (1971) "Of Language Know1edge, Apes, and Brains," Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, v. 1, No.1, p.1-29.

MacKay, D.M., (1967) Freedom of Action in a Mechanistic Universe, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Marder, Leslie, (1971) Time and the Space Traveller, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press).

McCulloch, W.C. and W. Pitts, (1943) "A Logical Ca1culus ofthe Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity," Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, v. 5, p. 117-29.

Mill, J. S., (1843) A System of Logic, (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., Ltd., 1965).

340 Time as Conftict

Misner, C. W., K.P. Thorne and J.A. Wheeler, (1973) Gravitation, (San Francisco: Freeman).

Mumford, Lewis, (1963) Technics and Civilization (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World).

-, (1975) "Prologue to Our Time," The New Yorker, (March 10), p. 42-58. Muses, C.E., (1965) "Aspects of some problems in biological and medical

cybernetics," Progress in Biocybernetics, N. Wiener and J.B.S. Haldane, eds., (New Y ork: Elsevier), p. 243-48.

Needham, Joseph, (1944) Time: the Refreshing River, (London: Allen & Unwin). -, (1954-77) Science and Civilization in China, (Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press), 5 volumes. -, (1961) "Human Law and the Laws of Nature," Technology, Science, and

Art: Common Ground, (London: Hatfield College ofTechnology), p. 3-27. -,(1966) "Time and Knowledge in China and the West," The Voices ofTime,

J. T. Fraser, ed., (New York: Braziller), p. 92-135. Oparin, A.I., (1924) "The Origin of Life," Ann Synge, tr., reprinted in J.D. Ber­

nal, The Origin of Life, (Cleveland: World, 1967), p. 199-234. Prigogine, Ilya, (1973) "Time, Irreversibility and Structure," The Physicist's

Conception of Nature, Jagdish Mehra, ed., (Dordrecht and Boston: Reidel), p.561-93.

Proust, Marcel, (1934) Remembrance ofThings Past, (New York: Random House). Rhind Papyrus. See: George Sarton (1952) A History of Science, Ancient Science

through the Golden Age ofGreece, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press). Riemann, G.F.B., (1854) "On the Hypotheses which Lie at the Foundations of

Geometry," Habilitationschriji, H. S. White, tr., in A Source Book in Mathematics, D.E. Smith, ed., (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1929), p.411-425.

Roszak, Theodore, (1972) Where the Wasteland Ends, (New York: Doubleday). Rothschild, F.S., (1970) "Eros and Thanatos in Human Evolution," The Israel

Annals of Psychiatry and Related Disciplines, v. 8, p. 22-51. Rowell, L.E., (1976) Personal communication. Saunders, P. T. and M. W. Ho, (1976) "On the Increase in Complexity in

Evolution," Journal ofTheoretical Biology, v. 63, p. 375-84. Schossberger, J.A., (1971) "The Individual as a Complex Open System," Man in

System, M. Rubin, ed., (New York: Gordon and Breach), p. 139-57. Schuldt, A.C., (1976) "The Voices of Time in Music," The American Scholar,

v. 45, p. 549-59. Shannon, C.E. (1975) Quoted in "Computer Chess: Mind vs. Machine," Science

News, v. 108, p. 345-50. Sherington, C.S., (1947) The Integrative Action of the Nervous System, (New

Haven: Yale University Press). Sivin, Nathan, (1969) Cosmos and Computation in Early Chinese Mathematical

Astronomy, (Leiden: Brill). -, (1976) "Chinese A1chemy and the Manipulation of Time," Isis, v. 67,

No. 239, p. 513-26. Smith, Adam, (1776) An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of

Literature 341

Nations. The quote is from Chapter 11: "Of the Principles which give Occasion to the Division of Labor."

Solzhenitsyn, A.I., (1974) Letter to the Soviet Leaders, Hilary Sternberg, tr., (New York: Index on Censorship).

Thass-Tienemann, Theodore, (1967) The Subconscious Language, (New York: The Washington Square Press).

Thom, Rene, (1975) Structural Stability and Morphogenesis, David Fowler, tr., (New York: Benjamin).

Thorpe, W.H., (1961) Bird Song, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). -, (1975) "Reductionism in Biology," Studies in the Phi/osophy 0/ Biology,

F.J. Ayala and Theodosius Dobzhansky, eds., (Berkeley: University of California Press).

Turner, Frederick, (1971) Shakespeare and the Nature 0/ Time, (Oxford: At the Clarendon Press).

-, (unpublished manuscript) The Blaze at the Edge 0/ the World: a Study in Poietic Time.

Uexküll, Jakob von, (1921) Streifzüge durch die Umwelten von Tieren und Menschen. Bedeutungslehre. Georg Kriszat, il/., (Frankfurt a.M.: Fischer, 1970). Both of these long essays are based on von Uexküll's Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere. Streifzüge ... is available in English as "A Stroll Through the Worlds of Animals and Men," C.H. Schiller, ed. and tr., Instinctive Behavior, (New York: International Universities Press, 1957).

Voegelin, Eric, (1974) The Ecumenic Age, (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univer­sity).

Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr., (1959) The Sirens o/Titan, (New York: Deli). von Neumann, John, (1951) "The General and Logical Theory of Automata,"

Cerebral Mechanism in Behavior, L.A. Jeffres, ed., (New York: Hafner), p. 1-41.

Weber, Max, (1904) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit 0/ Capitalism, Talcott Parsons, tr., (New York: Scribner, 1958).

Whorf, B. L., (1956) Language, Thought, and Reality, (Cambridge: M.1. T. Press). Wigner, Eugene, (1967) Symmetries and Refiections, (Bloomington: Indiana

U niversity Press). Wilson, E.O., (1975) Sociobiology: the New Synthesis, (Cambridge: Harvard

University Press). Winsor, Frederick, (1958) The Space Chi/d's Mother Goose, (New York: Simon

and Schuster). Wright, Thomas of Durham (1750) An Original Theory or New Hypothesis 0/ the

Universe, (London: Chapelle). Zeman, E.C., (1976) "Duffing's Equation in Brain Modelling," Bulletin 0/ the

Institute 0/ Mathematics and its Applications, v. 12, p.77-92. Contains references to Zeman's prior work.

Yourgrau, Wolfgang and c.J.G. Raw, (1968) "Variational Principles and Chemi­cal Reactions," Nuovo Cimento, v. 5, Supp. 3 (1957), reprinted in W. Your­grau and Stanley Mandelstam, Variational Principles in Dynamics and Quantum Theory, (Philadelphia: Saunders), p. 191-7.

Index

This index is for guidance only: it does not aspire for completeness. Slashes (I) are to be read as and, or, or versus.

A Abe, Kobo, 256 Absolute elsewhere, 33, 54-5 Absolute unrest, 46-9 Adams, John, 273 Adaptation relative to time, 78, 84

see also Complexification; Evolution

Aesthetic judgment, 281 vs. pragmatic judgment, 296 problems, 334-5 vs. utilitarianjudgment, 293

Agentlobserver model of the mind 107-10, 119, 179

Aging order of life origins/evolution,80-4 problems, 316-8

Altruism, 96 vs. compassion, 256-8

Anderson, H. c., 113 Animals

protoart, 294-6 societies, 238-9 see also Sociobiology

Anti-tragedy, 305 Anxiety and time, 100, 123, 239 Apollonius ofPerga, 218 Applied pathos, 264 Aquinas, Thomas St., 21 Arcimbolo, Giuseppe, 292 Arrows of time

cosmological, 58, 66-8 physical, 62-9

problems, 315-8 self-organizing, 69, 84-92

Art, developmental psychology, 295

Arts and letters, 281-310 and passim problems 334-5

Astral geometry, 127-444 dependence on man, 150,247 problems, 322-324

Astrolabe, 133 Atemporal worlds, 29-44 Atemporality, def., 23 Atoms of time

vs. continuity of time, 197-8, 201 problems, 313-4

see also Chronons Atomism, 44, 198 Attention, 119 Augustine, St.

indeterminacy principle of, 213-5 society /world, 154

Autogenie imagery (mind) origins and uses, 117-9 selection rules

the beautiful, 281-310 the good, 238-280 the true, 204-237

Autogenie imagery (society), 58-60

Autogenic rhythms (life) 75-9, 94

344

B Bach, J. S., 155 Beatitudes, 249 Beckett, Samue1, 304-5 Beer, Stafford, 114 Beginningsl endings of time

attitudes to 245-6 hierarchy of, 60, 194-5 Last Judgment, 200 physica1 cosmo10gy, 148 problems, 315, 329

Benedict, Ruth, 224 Berg, Alban, 285 Bergmann, Ingmar, 123, 260, 303 Bemal, J. D., 72 Biochemistry

crystall organic controlled, 73 Biogenesis, 70-5

problems, 316, 325-6 Bio10gica1 c10cks

origins and evolution, 71-84 problems, 316-8 see also life

BiomoIeeules problems, 315-6 tempora1ity, 82

Biophysica1 dualism, 255 Biosemiotics, 126, 206 Biotempora1ity, der., 24 Birthl death contro1

global society, 277-8 problems, 331

Blake, William, 118,276 Bosch, Hieronymous, 291 Brain

complexity, 116 evolution of, 112-3 and mind, 112-22 problems, 321

Brandon, S.G.F., 154,241 Braque, Georges, 287

Time as Conflict

Britten, Benjamin, 300 Buddhism/unreality of self, 241 Bush, P.A., 91, 210 Business present, see Present

C Caim-Smith, Graham, 72 Calendars, 18, 132, 151,249,275-6 Capitalism, 269 Camegie Council on Children,

250 Catastrophy theory, 176-7 Causation

deterministic/final,90 finallhuman freedom, 120 levels of, 45, 90, 120, 156,220 magie, 122,291 probabilisticl deterministic, 60-1

Central wave propagation, 86 Chaitin, G.J., 172 Change/permanence

contingency/necessity,17 evolutionary development, 106, 188-91 instinctua1 separation, 190, 192 paradox, 186-91

Checks and ba1ances, 273, 274 China

attitudes to truth, 225-8 compartmentalized cyc1es, 225 organic naturalism, 225-6

Christianity ethics, 244-8, 282 predisposition for quantified knowledge, 227-31 secularization, 269

Chronobio10gy, 71-84 problems, 316-8 see also Life

Chronons

Index

atomic, 148 biological, 35 continuity oftime, 197-8 cosmological, 32 defined,32 lives as, 49 perceptual, 35, 37-43 physical, 23 physiological,37-43 problems, 313-4

Circadian rhythms, 74-5, 81 Circannual rhythms, 77 Civilizations, personalities, 224-34 Clement of Alexandria, 137 Clocks

accuracy, meaning of, 134-5 approaching Big Bang, 147-8 Aristotelian/Platonic, 133 astronomical, 135 atomic,134 biological, see Biological docks dockmaking, 18 digital! analogue, 133 ideal, 134, 136-7 level-specificity, 196-7 molecular,71-4 organic/inorganic, 89 problems, 312-3 symbols of efficiency, 249

Collective self memories, 103 problems, 324-5 as a symbolic object, 158-60

Comedy, 302-6 Complexity

adaptation, 80 brain, 113-6 existential tension, 96 organic evolution, 75, 96-7 problems, 321 self-reproduction, 71

thresholds of life/mind, 106, 115, 178 matter !life, 80 mind/society, 178

the very complex, def., 116 Computability, limits of, 116 Conflicts/ resolutions/ fiascos/

emergence along interfaces, 174-6 life/mind, 97-100, 122-5,268 mauer/life, 62-9,84-97 mind/society,263-280 problems, 325-6

345

see also Unresolvable contlicts Conscious action, threshold, 40-1 Conscious experience

altered states, 282 and death, 84 protracted contlict, 120 unity of, 119, 191,206 see also Seltbood

Conrad, Joseph, 305 Contingency /necessity, 17 Continuous creation, 146 Cosmic time

physical, reentrant, 66-8 problems, 322-4 scientific/ narrative, 131-60

Cosmogonies/ eschatologies, 195, 200,246

Cosmologies ancien t, 151-4 beginnings/ endings in, 159, 200 ethical! aesthetic judgments in, 150-5,241-4 noetic/emotive, 297, 301 private, 195-6 problems, 322-4 scientific, 137-50 universal, 131, 137, 150-60

346

Creation of elements, 147 Creation ofnew reality, 306-7, 309 Creativity in man, 114, 118,210 Creature present, see Present Crystals

as ancestors oflife, 71-5 problems, 316 se1f-organization,69

Cubist doctrine, 287 Curvatures, surfaces/spaces, 138,

141 Cyc1ic order oflife, see Life

D Dada, 285 Dali, Salvador, 288 Darwinian fitness, 96, 259 Davies, P. C. W., 24, 66, 143, 146 Death

knowledge of, 100, 130 origins/ evolution, 83-4, 96 problems, 316, 320 and selfbood, 110, 269 and suffering, 267-70

Deep structure oflanguage, 189 Dice, ideal, 60 Division of labor, 81, 180, 185,

223-4,235,256,266-7 DNA

inanimate/alive,82-3 origins/ evolution, 72-5

Dostoyevski, F.M., 125 Dreams, temporality of, 122-3,

172, 192, 295 Duchamp, Marcei, 287 Dürrenmatt, Friedrich, 304 Duty,262

E Ecstasies/ timelessness

bower, 210, 282, 300

Time as Conflict

chalice, 155,282,300 dance/forest, 282, 298 mob, 251,283, 300 mushroom, 283, 300 and the self, 119

Egalitarianism,266-7 Egyptian reliefs, 286 Ehrenzweig, Anton, 289 Ehret, C. F., 74 Einstein, Albert, 136, 231, 295 Eliot, T. S., 201 Embryogenesis, 35 Empiricism, 103 Encephalization, 112 Engrams, 114,117 Entropy

arrows oftime, 62-9, 84-92 and life, 83-93 notion of, 63 problems, 315 production, minimal, 65-6 see also Thermodynamic sys­tems, Thermodynamics

Eotemporality, der., 23 Epistemology, see Knowledge Erikson, Erik, 205, 232-3 Ernst, Max, 292 Error of misplaced precision, 236 Eschatologies/cosmogonies, 195,

200,246 Escher, M.C., 167 Ethics

Patristic and Medieval ideals, 249 as praiseworthy conduct, 183-5,238-40 problems, 329-30 Protestant pragmatic, 226-8, 252 secularization of Christian, 254 and society, 238-63

Index

in technocracies, 251 Euracyotic/procaryotic cells, 92 Event, 43-4,139 Evolution

347

edge,156-7 Extended Umwelt Princip1e, 19-21

F endosomaticl exosomatic, 274 chemica1,73-5

45, Fairy tales, tempora1ity of, 122 Filmwright/p1aywright, freedoms,

335 genera1ized, def., 95 genes, 71-5 inversion of ro1es, 274, 276-7 organic, 75-84, 92-7

centra1 dogma of, 97 problems, 316-8, 325-6 oftempora1ities,161-76 time avai1able/necessary, 95 time economy in, 95

Existential tension defined, 17 hierarchy of, 121 increase in organic evolution, 74-9 increase with comp1exification, 96-7, 121-2 of the mind, 121, 281, 213-4, 234 problems, 316 primordia1, in atempora1 . wor1d,46 quantification and measure­ment,97 see also Confiicts/reso1utions

Expectation/memory adaptive advantages, 98-100 phenomenology,100-4 evo1utionary po1arization, 119

Experience quantification, deve10pment of, 129, 188 symbolic transformation of, 98, and passim

Explanatory Ipredictive knowl-

Finite/unbounded universe, 141 Finitudelinfinity

problems, 323 ofspace, 140-2 of time, 17, 195-7

First intercourse, doctrine of, 84 Foresight and sight, 91-2 Four-space, 59, 138-46 Franklin, Benjamin, 272 Freud, Sigmund, 84, 122 Friedrich, C. D., 292 Fuller, Buckminster, 237 Future-directednessl techno logy,

229 Future/pastlpresent

originsl development, 79-80, 100-1,119 problems, 316 see also Nowness, Presents

Futurity Ipastness originsl development, 90-1 problems, 314

Futurology, 236, 272

G Galateal Lot's wife, 308-10 Galilei, Galileo, 140,254 Gauss, C.F., 138 Genera1ized other, 111 Genotype/phenotype, 81-4,124 Geodesics, 138 Geology, 154, 156 Geometrodynamics,141 Geometry

348

atomicity of time, 197 branch of physics, 148 Euc1edianl non -E uc1edian, 138-42 origins in experience, 149 problems, 322-24

Georgescu-Roegen, Nicho1as, 252 Gheorghius, Virgi1, 307 Gibson, J.J., 189 Gnosticism, 243-4 Gödel, Kurt, 221 Good/evil

evolutionary background, 238 infantile paradigms, 239 the political vision, 248-54 problems, 329-334 morals, 255-63 the religious vision, 238-48 see also Ethics

Goodwin, Brian, 35, 232 Gowell, K.M., 94, 210 Granet, Marcel, 242 Gregorian chant, 300 Group identity, see Collective self

H H-Theorem,62

problems, 314 Haber, F.C., 8 Haldane, J. B. S., 75 Hartocollis, Peter, 123 Heath,H.M., 155,210,336 Herac1itus of Ephesus, 46 Herder, J.G. von, 125 Heroism, 184,305 Hesse, Hermann, 321 Hidden variables, 50 Hinduism and cyc1ic time, 241 Hipparchus of Nicaea, 133 History

historicity, 154-60

laws of, 135, 157 problems, 324-5

Time as Conflict

salvation history, 154-5, 229, 244,250 world without, 275-6

HO,M.W.,96 Hogarth, William, 286 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 280 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 125 Huxley, Aldous, 152,265 Huygens, Christian, 134

I Ideas, 180 Identity

loss of, 292, 307 personal, see Selfhood

Illich,Ivan, 181,269 Imitation of the machine, 250 Immaculate perception, 208, 234 Incompleteness theorem, 221-3 Indeterminacy

complex systems, 27, 111 principle of St. Augustine, 213

Individuallsociety, 177-85,263-80 metastable in our epoch, 183-5,263-80 problems, 330-4

Individualism/holism, 182 Industrial productivity, 249 Inertia, 53, 57 Inquisition, 292 Instantaneity, 31 Integrative levels, 21-3 Interchangeability

partic1es, see partic1es people, 256-7, 266-7, 279 problems, 331-2

Interfaces change in language about, 170-4

Index

dass of processes/conditions, 161-85 common policies among, 162-76 continuities across, 169-70 discontinuities across, 165, 174 epistemic asymmetries about, 173-4 individuallsociety, 183-5, 263-80 life/mind, 122-5 matter/li fe, 70-5 natural selection, 169-70 problems, 325-6

Internal charts living organisms, 75-9, 94 minds, 104, 112-22 society, 158-60

Intimate environment oflife, 93, 113 ofmind, 113, 118 of society, 181

Invariants, perception of, 189 Isochrony, 134

J Jackson, S. c., 102, 155 Jalal-ul-din Rumi, 316 James, William, 45 Jefferson, Thomas, 273 Jerison, H.J., 112

K Kafka, Franz, 266 Kandinski, Vasili, 286 Kazantzakis, Nikos, 243, 280, 309 Kepler, Johannes, 152,218 King, Martin Luther, 259 Knowledge

biological roots, 205-13

feltlunderstood, 155,212-4, 234 oral/ genital/ ocular / aural, 209-13,227-30,233-4

349

and personality see Personality problems, 326-7 theories of

level-specificity, 237, 279 linguistically based, 207-17

Koestler, Arthur, 252 Kojeve, Alexander, 228

L Language (tongue)

animal, 128 development in children, 129 guide to epistemology, 207-13 and hearing, 126 individual/societal, 179, 181-3 origins/ development, 125-30 problems, 320 as process description, 117 private, 128 and selfhood, 106, 110 and the very complex, 128

Languages (generalized) asymmetry across interfaces, 112 intelligibility, hierarchy of, 171, 183 level-specificity,26, 112, 125-7, 170-4 origins/ development, 125-8 problems, 320 societal,247-70

Lawrence, Nathaniel, 8, 294 Laws of history, 135, 157 Laws of nature, 26-7, 134, 156

and human laws, 226 see also Causation

LeChatelier's principle, 65

350

Lederberg,Joshua,71 Leger, Fernand, 287 Lenneberg, E. H., 222 Lentz' Law, 65 Life

aging order, 21, 81-4 as achronon, 49 continuity with matter, 84-6, 92-3, 163-5, 170, 175-6 cydic order, 21, 71-9

boundaries of, 80-3 spectrum of, 76-7

cyde as a unit of evolution, 81-4, 124 genetic view of, 71-84 interfac~ with mind, 122-5 origins, 70-5 preference for one arrow, 90 problems, 315-8 reproduction, 71, 80-4 unresolvable contlicts, 74, 85-90,92-7

Life-styles, rapid change, 278 Light

biological synchronizer, 91 first signal, 21 motion of, as absolute, 46-9 in physics, 31,44, and passim problems, 313 as symbol, 31, 211

Linear time, origins of, 79-80, 82 Linguistic archeology, 208 Literature and the arts, 281-310

M

and passim problems, 334-5

McCullagh, W.c., 114 McKay, Donald, 111 Machiavelli, Niccolo, 248 Mach's principle, 135

Time as Contlict

Malthusian principle, generalized, 277

Manichaeism, light and darkness, 243

Marder, Leslie, 53 Marseillaise, 280, 300 Marxism

the city of, 248 communism, 269, 280 problems, 329-33 USSR, 159,271,274,282

Mathematics, see Number, Quantification

Media revolution, 270 Memory

collective, 103 and expectation, 98-104 modular character, 102-3 origins and evolution, 99-100 problems, 318-9 vs. recall, 99 storage, 10 I temporality ofimages, 102

Mental present, see Present Mental scanning/moods of time,

289-93 Merchant dass, 253 Mesoforms, 72 Metamathematics,221 Metaphor making, 129-30

problems, 327 Metastability

common to interfaces, 162-5 defined, 162 individual/society, 183-5, 279-80 problems, 332-4

Mill, J. S., 207 Milton, lohn, 84 Mind

brain, 112-7

Index

distinct integrative level, 112-22 -made surrogates, 276-7 problems, 318-21 the unconscious, 122-5

Minkowski diagram, 33-4 problems, 314 structured,54-5

Miro, Joan, 288 Misner, C. W., 31,136,143 Mithraism, lightldarkness, 242-3 Money economy and science, 227 Monism, vitalistic, 257 Moods of time

a-/prototemporal, 284-6 bio temporal, 287-8 defined,284 eotemporal, 103, 108,286-7 nootemporal, 108,289-93 problems, 334-5

Morals evolutionary office of, 255-63 pluralism in man, 262 problems, 330-4

Mother Goose, 250, 278 Motion

oflight as absolute, 46-9 perception of, 189 and rest, paradox, 191-3

Müller, G.H., 8 Mumford, Lewis, 236, 249 Muses, C.F., 65 Music

affective content, metaphors, 298-300 emotive cosmology, 301-2 origin/development,296-8 and the self, 298

Mutuality of adaptation continuity with physics, 93-5 problems, 317-8

Mysticism/mathematical physics, 311

Mythic vision of collective self, 158

N Natural selection

and fitness, 96 supplanting accident, 74

Necessity/contingency, 17 Needham,Joseph,72,15l,225-6 Neumann, John von, 71, 80,115 Newton, Isaac, 5,46 Nicholas ofCusa, 141-2 Nishida Kitaro, 284 Nomogenesis

defined,26 levels oflanguage, 171-3 permanence of laws, 27 uniformitarianism, 156

Nootemporality, def., 24 Nothingness,30 Nowness

absence in physics, 59-60 goal-directedness, 95-6 origins in life, 79-80 problems, 314, 316-7 see also Presents

Number and atomicity of time, 197-8 cardinality/ordinality, 50, 53, 61-2,216-7 hierarchy in number theory, 172 limits of appropriateness, 220-3 negative and zero, 217 oneness, 107,215-6, see also Selfhood origins of effectiveness, 107, 129,140,149,192,222

351

352

o

problems, 327 transfinite, 202

Obligations, 262 Ocular/aural knowledge

relative preferences, 230, 233-4 Omar Khayyam, 94 One and the many, 17, 107, 188,

215 Oparin, Alexander, 75 Original sin, 84

p

Pair annihilation/production, 51 Paleologic, 108-9, 121-5,214 Paradoxes of time, 186-203 Park, David, 8 Parmenides, 46 Particles

nonzero restrnass, 22, 49-52 zero restrnass, 21-3, 29-37, 46-9,139

Passion and knowledge, paradigms,155,212-4,234

Pasternak, Boris, 270 Paul, St., 84, 227, 230 Peirce, C. S., 21 Perception, ambiguity of idea, 208 Personal identity, see Selfhood Personality

archaic/discursive logic, 214 collective,224-5 and religious truth, 246-7 and scientific truth, 223 ff. and time, 213-5

Phenotype/genotype, 81-4, 124 Physics, temporalities in, 37, 66-8

see also Entries relevant to physics

Picasso, Pablo, 286, 293, 307

Time as Confiict

Plato,84,150,236,251,306 Poetry, 297-8 and passim Politics,248-54 Pollock, Jackson, 285 Pontormo, Jacopo da, 286 Populations, 78 Post-rn orte m survival, 240

see also Beginnings/ endings of time

Pragmatism, 45 Present

collective, of life, 90 creature, 42, der., 99, 123, 192, 251,304 frantic/business, 251, 275, 305, 307 mental, 24, 40-2, der., 102, 118, 120, 123,251 nested, 39-42, 100, 191 tragic, 304-5, 307 see also Nowness

Prigogine, Ilya, 65 Prob ability, 49-52 Process/ state descriptions, 117 Productivity/creativity,253 Progress, idea of, 155,245,250 Prophecy/precognition, 109,291 Prophetlstatesman in society, 109,

179,271 Prototemporality, der., 23 Proust, Marcei, 188, 192,288 Psycholinguistics, 208 Ptolemy, 152 PUfe succession, see Eotemporality Pythagoreanism, 218, 230

Q Quantification

cultural predispositions to, 223-31 development in experience,

Index

107, 188 favored by repression, 227-9 of know1edge, in general, 215-31 problems, 327-9 usefulness in science/hu­manities, 186, 234-7 see also Number

Quantum theory, 36-7, 45, 61

R Randomness/ complexity, 172 Rappaport, A., 78 Ravel, Maurice, 300 Raw, c.J.G., 65 Reality, creation ofnew, 284, 310 Recall/memory,99 Red shift, 147 Reductionism, 236-7 Reformation, parsimony of

time/ emotion, 249 Regressive sharing, difficulties of

defined,25-6 origins, 122

Relativity theory general, 36,45, 135, 138 problems, 313-5, 322-4 special, 30, 36,45,47,54,313-4

Religious vision from "beyond and above," 247 good/evil/society,238-48 and knowledge of time, ~40-7 problems, 329-30

Repression and quantification, 227-9

Reproduction (biologieal) old theories, 301 origins and development, 80-4

Responsibility, 262 Rest, loeal relative, 52-61 Resurreetion, paradigm of

353

time/timeless, 228, 244 Revolution, permanent, 273 Rhind Papyrus, 142 Riemann, G.F., 138, 140 Ropestretehers, 137, 139 Rotschild, F.S., 206 Rowell, L. E., 8, 298 Russell, Bertrand, 201

S Salvation history, 154-5,229,244,

248,250,266 Saunders, P. T., 96 Shaltenbrand, Georges, 8 Sehmidt, B. von, 321 Schongauer, Martin, 292 Schossberger, J.A., 222 Sehu1dt, A. c., 302 Seienee

as eolleetive enterprise, 180 and colleetive personality, 227 eultura1 predispositions to, 223-31 mathematized,223-31 and mercantile economy, 228

Seienee as truth, 204-37 historiea1 origins, 224-34 parsimony of emotive depth, 245,247-8,254 problems, 327-9 see also Number, Quantification

Seientifie empiricism, 103 method as ritual, 231 revolution, 224-30

Selfhood and death, 110, 195,269 as achronon, 43 evolutionary dead-end, 264 and hearing, 106

354

individuallcollective, 158-60 andlanguage, 129-30 10ss of, 267, 307 and musical sound, 298 noeticl emotive, 302 problems, 319-21 and number, 107 and the senses, 106 a symbolic object, 104-112 oftechnological man, 185

Semiotics, 125-7 Sense modalities, evolution of,

91-2 Set theory, 203 Sex

falling in, 264 problems, 333 recreationallprocreational, 265 -specific roles, 258-9

Sexual reproduction evolutionary origins, 83 problems, 316-7

Shakespeare, Wm., 52, 89, 210, 263,331

Shannon, C.E., 114 Sherington, C. S., 113 Sign/signallsymbol, def., 171 Simultaneity in living!inanimate

systems, 31, 79 Sivin, Nathan, 151 Sleep, 124-5, see also Dreams,

temporality of Slobodkin, L. B., 78 Smith, Adam, 157,266 Society, global

problems, 324-5 uniquenessof, 160, 181,266-7, 277-8

Society!individual evolutionary interface, 177-85 metastable relationship, 183-5,

263-80 problems, 330-4

Society luniverse

Time as Conflict

mutual boundaries, 144-53 mutual definition, 160 problems, 324-5 uniqueness ofboth, 160

Sociobiology, 96, 111, 128, 181, 184,235,248,255

Sociotemporality, def., 25 Socrates, 279 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 274 Somal genes, 71-2 Sounds, music-like/speech-like,

297 Space and time, hierarchy of

distinctions, 57-62 Space travel, 53 Speech, 126-30 Stevens, Wallace, 218 Strategy of existence, 27-8

see also Existential tension Strauss, Richard, 300 Structuralist theory of time, 17-28 Suffering, attitudes to, 267-70

see also Death Suicide, 120, 259

problems, 330 Sundials, 132 Synchronicity, 225 Syntax, theory of, 189

T Taboos relating to time, 290-1 Taoism

integrated order, 151 integrated tranquility, 242

Technology intellectual history of, 232-7 salvation by, 237 technological man, 250-1

Index

Teleology and evolution, 95-6 Temporal behavior, emergence of

plasticity, 10 1 Temporal categories, tampering

with,290 Temporalities

defined,13 emergence of, 156, 161-76 hierarchy of, 22-3 problems, 325-6

Tensor ca1culus, 139 Thass-Tienemann, Theodore, 207 Thermodynamic systems

closed, 63-6 closed/open,84-90 open, 68 problems, 315

Thermodynamics arrows of time, 84-92 problems, 315-8 Second Law of, 58, 62-9

Third etc. worlds, 268-9 problems, 330-4

Thom, Rene, 176 Thome, K.S., 31,136,143 Thorpe, W. H., 236 Time

absolute, 145 apparent speed of passing, 123-4

problems, 322 asymmetry, 24-5, 66-7 as commodity, 305

problems, 335 constitutive, 145 cosmological-common, 145 dilation, 49, 53-9

problems, 313-4 hierarchy of unresolvable conflicts, 28 measurements, principles of,

133-4

see also Clocks reversal invariance, 58 scale, def., 134 and space, hierarchy of distinctions, 57-62

Time, study of, 15, 311-36 Time budgets, 235 Time feit/time understood, 214 Time perception

defined,42 microstructure of, 40-2 on the Minkowski diagram, 54-5

355

relation to motion, see Motion Time sense

defined,42 and physical arrows, 88-9 scanning of temporalities, 289-93

Time travel, 109 Time/timeless interface, 194-5

problems, 314 Timelessness, 31, 42, 58, 60-1,

194-5,281-4 problems, 314 see also Ecstasies

Timesecting/ dissecting, 78, 286 Time's arrow, see Arrows of time Tobey, Mark, 285 Tone/rhythm/melody, 297-8 Tragedy,302-6

problems, 335 taboo,304 tragic conflict, absence in animals, 184

Transitions, see Interfaces Tristram Shandy paradox, 201 Truth

defined,204 function of personality, 214 level-specificity, 234, 237, 279

356

problems, 327-9 relation to science and technology, 231-7 see also Knowledge, Science as truth

Turner, Frederick, 84, 306

U Uexküll, Jakob von, 19 Umwelt, der., 20 Uncanny,290-3

in art, 291-2 problems, 334

Uncertainty principles, 27, def., 61,174,281-2

Unconscious, the death ignorance of, 84 andlanguage,207-8 temporality of, 103, 122-5, 164, 176

Undeterminism, 26, def., 157, 173, 220,234

Unexpected egg, 198-203 Uniformitarianism, 155 Unintended results, 182 Unity oftime, principle of, 134 Universe (physica1)

age of, 144 creation of, 29, 145 expansion of, 49, 58, 145-8 problems, 322-4 radius of, 144 topologically cIosed time of, 146 see also Society/universe

Unresolvable contlicts defined,27 matter, 62-9 mind, 121, 130,280

Time as Conftict

life, 74, 85-90, 92-7 society, 263-80 see also Contlicts/reso1utions

USA, 253, 272-6 permanent revolution, 280 problems, 330-4

Ussher, James, 148

V Very 90mplex, the, see Complexity Violence, 267-8 Voegelin, Eric, 155 Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr., 285, 287

W VVagner,Richard,127,300 VVeber, Max. 229 VVheeler,J.A.,31, 136, 143 VVhitrow, G.J., 143,337 VVhorf, B.L., 189 VVigner, Eugene, 215 VVilson, E.O., 111, 115 VVinsor, Frederick, 278 VVoman

ascendancy of the feminine, 253 degraded by dogma, 227 Eve unbound, 265-6 tyranny of the feminine, 265

VVorker's labor/destiny, 249 VVright, Thomas ofDurham, 47

y

Yeats, VV.B., 298, 301, 317 Y ourgrau, VV olfgang, 65

Z Zeman, E. c., 176 Zeno ofElea, the tlying arrow,

107, 191-3,201