gender issues pertemuan 12 matakuliah: l0332 – psikologi konseling tahun: 2009
TRANSCRIPT
Gender IssuesPertemuan 12
Matakuliah : L0332 – Psikologi KonselingTahun : 2009
PERTEMUAN 12
Gender Issues
Introduction
• Kate Millet: Because of our social circumstances, male and female are really two different cultures and their life experiences are utterly different
• Sex: biological differences between males and females, such as differences in genitals, reproductive functioning, bone structure, and size
• Gender: the cultural and social classification of characteristics, attitudes, values and behaviours as appropriate for either females or males
• Gender role: the role that a person adopts or that is ascribed to her/him on the dimensions of masculinity and femininity. The concept of gender role incorporates the power relations between men and woman
• Gender role identity: how a person views herself or himself on the dimensions of masculinity and femininity
• Gender role socialization: The processes of enculturation whereby children and adults acquire, internalize and maintain the characteristics, attitudes , values and behaviours associated with femininity, masculinity or mixture of both
Introduction
• Gender role conflict: Where the gender role the individual either adopts or wishes to adopt is a variance with the gender role prescribed by their culture or reference group. different ideas between partners in dual career couples
• Sexism: external oppression on account of a person’s biological sex.Individual Sexism: any thoughts, feelings and actions that assume the superiority of one sex over the other.Institutional or organizational sexism: political, institutional and organizational structures that discriminate against, oppress and devalue a person on the grounds of sexHeterosexism: extends sexism to focus on individuals and organizations that assume the superiority of heterosexual thought, feelings and actions over homosexual or bisexual thoughts, feelings and actions.
THEORY
• Read p. 445-452
• Biology and Gender
• Masculinity, femininity, androgyny and gender schema
• Woman and gender roles
• Men and gender roles
THERAPY
• Read p. 460
• Ellen Piel Cook: Mental health professional recognize today that strong adhere to traditional sex-role standards can have negative consequences for men’s and women’s psychological functioning
• Where gender role issues are involved, it is possible to state therapeutic goals for both sexes and for each sex
• The general goals include helping individual clients use their strengths and potential, make appropriate choices, remedy poor skills and develop positive and flexible self-concept Learning to deal with demand/withdraw interaction pattern in marital conflict Handling numerous issues confronting dual career couples in a time of rapid technological and economic change
THERAPY
• Goals for feminist counselling: read box 17.3 p. 454
• Therapeutic goals for men: read p. 455
THERAPY
Therapeutic approaches: read p. 455-460
• Making existing therapies more gender sensitive
• Gender relevant counselling and therapy competences
• Awareness of own assumptions, values and biases
• Understanding the worldview of the sex-different client
• Developing appropriate intervention strategies and techniques
• Feminist and Men’s Therapy
• 5 central principles of feminist therapy (read box 17.4; p. 458)
THERAPY
Herbert Spencer:
No one can be perfectly free until all are free;
No one can be perfectly moral until all are moral;
No one can be perfectly happy until all are happy