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INTERSEC White Paper

A Mass Scale Location-Based Intelligence Solution

Advancing Mobile Location Technology for Intelligence and Law Enforcement Agencies

A Mass Scale Location-Based Intelligence Solution 2

INTRODUCTION

Governments all over the world are aware of the potential of mobile technologies and

Location-based Intelligence for security and alerting purposes. Intelligence and law

enforcement agencies (LEAs) are adapting legacy surveillance systems with the latest

technology to their evolving needs.

Location-based Intelligence and how it can notably deliver on Government needs regarding

Security is tightly linked to the concept of Situation Awareness. Situation Awareness can be

seen as a shorthand description for "keeping track of what is going on around you in a

complex, dynamic environment" and "what you need to know not to be surprised" (Jeannot,

Kelly, & Thompson, 2003)

In this document, we will first assess what the needs of Intelligence and LEAs are regarding

mobile location information and what the key attributes of an adequate solution could be.

Then, we will expose an overview of a Mass Intercept Location Solution technical

proposition and how it can optimally fit the market needs.

THE NEEDS FOR LOCATION-BASED INTELLIGENCE

Location-based Intelligence is the ability to use data and information about spatiotemporal

relationships between and among people, places, and objects to understand actions and

events that have occurred or are occurring.

By combining location data with other types of data, such as mobile events captured from

wireless networks; organizations are looking to gain new and incremental insights into

situations, predictive behavior, and in identifying patterns.

Intelligence and Law Enforcement Agencies will typically need to:

Utilize subscribers’ location information for investigation purposes,

Track persons of interest in real-time, including pursuit,

Provide historical mass positioning data from all operators’ subscribers for analysis,

Locate mobile emergency calls,

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Identify threats and security breaches – people entering predefined areas (geo-

fence).

Location-based Intelligence needs to tackle a myriad of use cases.

Here are just a few examples:

During abduction investigations law enforcement agencies need to be able to

precisely track the suspect or victim’s handset location.

Intelligence and national security agents must be able to access and track all cell

phone data within a particular area. This could be from a timely analysis around an

event (for example mapping wireless activities before and after a terrorist attack) or

a real-time detection of intrusion in sensitive area. In such case, detecting intrusion

and security breaches and providing additional technological support for entrance

control is critical.

Pattern and behavior detection of a suspect group, allowing real-time proximity

detection of several targets.

What needs to be highlighted here in term of context is obviously the ability to deal with a

mass scale approach as mobility is now part of everyone’s day life and mobile penetration

exceeds 100% in most developed markets, resulting in millions to hundreds of millions of

targets to be considered.

ATTRIBUTES FOR A MASS-SCALE LOCATION-BASED

INTELLIGENCE SOLUTION

Location based Intelligence needs to be thought on a mass-scale basis due to the de-facto mobile ecosystem we are living in.

Beyond that prerequisite, we have seen that the following is key for Location-Based Intelligence solution

Consolidation of all subscribers’ historical mass positioning data for observational

studies and criminal investigations,

Real-time tracking with adequate accuracy of targets,

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Real-time notification to the LEA of when specific relevant circumstances occur,

including threat identification amongst the overall mobile elements of the

ecosystem.

Detailed below are some identified requirements or attributes for an efficient mass-scale location-based intelligence solution.

Attributes Description

Reliable accuracy and freshness Automatic location data updates enabling reliable and

real-time tracking.

Ensuring accuracy for location request meets

expectation.

Compatibility to all handsets and high

performance on a mass-scale basis

Hundreds of millions of citizens to be potentially

tracked at several thousand events per second,

enabling optimal mass analysis.

Data historization of all mass

positioning and cell phone activities

Identification of potential threats, of the last location of

a turned-off handset… Observation and analysis of mass

and target movement patterns.

Operational and future-proof

technology

2G & 3G ready, and compatible with WiFi, Wimax and

LTE technology.

Indoor and outdoor geolocation Compliance with set-top boxes for Wi-Fi connection and

femtocells.

Geo-scalability enabling the creation

of pre-defined areas

Geofences allowing the identification of targets

entering, remaining or leaving a precise area.

Advanced Geofencing for security Must provide efficient “in area” and “boundary transition” detection without sacrificing the location accuracy critical for public safety.

Location of emergency calls Increase efficiency for public services with valuable

time-savings, providing location and time data from the

caller.

Proximity detection Observe and gather evidence of association between

suspects.

SIM and device swap detection Multi-SIM behavior does not interfere during the

tracking of an individual as the International Mobile

Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is saved. The technology must

identify and notify the IMEI from a single target device

and if a single target uses different handsets.

Interface to Operators & to Control Centre (eg Governments Agencies)

The solution needs to offer comprehensive interface decoupling the control and operating layer that is to be

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centralized from the active/technical layer interacting with mobile operator core network.

Quick and easy access though intuitive

and secure web-interface

Government institutions need to quickly access

historical mapping of one or several individuals.

Adaptable time period for data

historization according to target

priority level

Data must be stored (for example one year by default),

not excluding the possibility of data historization for a

longer time period for low-priority targets and even

indefinitely for high-priority targets

Voluntary target exclusion via the

creation of a blacklist

Eliminate false leads during criminal investigations.

The location capability cannot be disabled by the mobile

phone user in any way

In addition to compatibility to any handset, the solution

should ensure that the ability to locate cannot be

disabled by the mobile user.

MASS SCALE MOBILE LOCATION INTELLIGENCE

SOLUTION: A TECHNICAL PROPOSAL

For many years, several different location techniques in wireless networks have been

defined, notably thanks to GSM and 3GPP/3GPP2 standardization bodies for 2G and 3G

networks.

These “active-location” techniques based on GMLC/SMLC have proven to be valuable and

effective in order to enable the on-demand precise location of a user or group of users.

While this certainly answers important key market requirements around real-time

information gathering and accurate precision for tracking purpose, this is not enough to

enable a proper intelligent and pro-active solution, notably on the following aspects:

- Consolidating of location information of all users at all-time to enable historical

analysis,

- Consolidating of location information of all users at all-time to enable real-time or

quasi real-time detection such as intrusion, geofencing and real-time pattern

detection where such events can be notified to the relevant entity.

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Key approach for such pro-active solution is to monitor/receive in real-time ALL networks

events from the network and ALL users where location information is relevant – we enter

here the mass-scale attribute of a target solution: mass interception is the focus.

While pro-active solution augments very significantly what standard-based active-solution

can deliver today thanks to overview of everyone at any time, it is to be limited to either:

- What is technically available at integration level within the core network as

standardized location accuracy information – typically Cell ID or Enhanced Cell ID

in some networks.

- What the integration point with the network can provide in term of freshness of

location information.

These are de-facto tradeoffs on the pro-active solution side to enable a Mass Interception

proposition.

The proposed way forward for an adequate proposition is the hybrid solution, bringing

together the best of both worlds – the standard-based active and high accuracy solution

with the mass scale pro-active element.

The mass-scale pro-active element is the foundation for data analysis and data historization.

It also has to ensure the relevant logic orchestration, complementing network originated

information analysis with the on-demand precision within active requests.

Architecture for Mass-Scale Location-Based Intelligence

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It is to be noted that such Mass Interception Location solution can provide more intelligence

than just Location Intelligence.

Indeed beyond locating population, the solution aggregates rich information in real-time

such as handset and subscriber distribution and other (network) information related to

mobile users – this is really about knowledge enrichment related to mobile users.

This high-value information is key to support operator strategy to monetize their

fundamental asset – the knowledge of their customers

CONCLUSION

In a world characterized by increased mobility and the diversification of potential threats,

new security needs require technological adaptation and greater demand for Intelligence.

A Mass Intercept Solution for Mobile-Location Intelligence as defined in this paper can

deliver effectively on government agencies’ current surveillance as well as security needs.

As positioned, the combination and synergy between mass-scale pro-active and active

geolocation elements enable the technical realization of a pertinent proposition for Mobile

Location, plus can provide additional value for Mobile Operator regarding the knowledge of

their customers.

Intersec GeoLocator (IGLOO) is a recognized market leading solution for mass-scale pro-

active solution managing real-time location activity for 100s of millions subscribers

simultaneously – delivering effectively the next generation solution for Location Based

Intelligence.