GC Unit 6The Age of Exploration

Motivations “Glory, God and Gold”

Gold: Spices (Marco Polo and Travels) Demand had risen as population recovered

God: Chance to crusade against heathens and spread Roman Catholic faith

Glory: Renaissance spirit of inquiry

Innovation and Invention

Maps (Cartography) Prince Henry the Navigator

The Astrolabe (latitude) and Compass

Better vessels called Caravels triangle sails, fixed rudders, wider hulls

Armaments Better cannons

Portuguese are the first Led by Prince

Henry Redesigned

ships, made maps, trained sailors at school in Sagres

Bartholomeu Dias: Southern most tip of Africa (1488)

Vasco da Gama: First to reach India; established trading in India (1498)

Christopher Columbus Spain wants in on trade

profits Sail West to get East 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella

give him 3 ships Depart Aug 3rd

Scurvy, misery Arrive at San Salvador

October 12th 1492

The voyages of Columbus

Dividing the World Spain and Portugal

agree to the Line of Demarcation in 1493 Portugal gets the East

and Spain the West The Treaty of

Tordesillas in 1494 gave Brazil to Portugal Pedro Cabral claimed it

for Portugal in 1500

Ferdinand Magellan September 1519 set out for a 2 year

voyage to circumnavigate Portuguese but working for Spain 5 ships 285 men

November 1520 3 ships enter the Strait of Magellan and sail into the Pacific Ocean

March 1521 reach the Philippines Magellan killed

September 8th 1522 18 men and 1 ship return home

The Northwest Passage 1497 John Cabot sent by Henry VIII to

look for a route over N. America to the East Newfoundland (Grand Banks)

1535 Jacques Cartier and (France) Samuel De Champlain

Henry Hudson 1609 had claimed New Amsterdam for

the Dutch Hudson Bay

The Spanish Empire Conquistadores

1519 Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztecs and Montezuma (Mexico)

1532 Francisco Pizarro Defeats the Incas and Atahualpa (Peru)

The Spanish Model of Colonization

Policies Viceroys (royal

governors provide tight control)

No women except natives

Wealth based on exploitation of natives and then Africans (by 1542)

Impacts of Spanish colonization

Destruction of native language, culture and religion

“Columbian exchange” New social structure

Penninsulare, Creole Mestizo / Mulattoe Native Indian / African

Columbian Exchange