gas turbine engine combustion,
TRANSCRIPT
RTO-MP-14 AC/323(AVT)TP/lO
* NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION
BP 25, 7 RUE ANCELLE, F-92201 NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE CEDEX, FRANCE
RT0 MEETING PROCEEDINGS 14
Gas Turbine Engine Combustion, Emissions and Alternative Fuels (la Combustion dans les turbomoteurs, les émissions et les carburants de remplacement)
Papers presented at the Applied Vehicle Technology Pane1 (AVT} Symposium (organized by the former AGARD Propulsion and Energetics Pane1 (PEP)), held in Lisbon, Portugal, 12-16 October 1998.
Published June 1999
Distribution and Availability on Back Cover
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
RTO-MP-14 AC/323(AVT)TP/lO
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION
BP 25, 7 RUE ANCELLE, F-92201 NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE CEDEX, FRANCE
RT0 MEETING PROCEEDINGS 14
Gas Turbine Engine Combustion, Emissions and Alternative Fuels (la Combustion dans les turbomoteurs, les émissions et les carburants de remplacement)
Papers presented at the Applied Vehicle Technology Pane1 (AVT) Symposium (organized by the former AGARD Propulsion and Energetics Pane1 (PEP)), held in Lisbon, Portugal, 12-16 October 1998.
The Research and Technology Organization (RTO) of NATO
RT0 is the single focus in NATO for Defence Research and Technology activities. Its mission is to conduct and promote cooperative research and information exchange. The objective is to support the development and effective use of national defence research and technology and to meet the military needs of the Alliance, to maintain a technological lead, and to provide advice to NATO and national decision makers. The RT0 performs its mission with the support of an extensive network of national experts. It also ensures effective coordination with other NATO bodies involved in R&T activities.
RT0 reports both to tbe Military Committee of NATO and to the Conference of National Armament Directors. It comprises a Research and Technology Board (RTB) as the highest level of national representation and the Research and Technology Agency (RTA), a dedicated staff with its headquarters in Neuilly, near Paris, France. In order to facilitate contacts with the military users and other NATO activities, a small part of the RTA staff is located in NATO Headquarters in Brussels. The Brussels staff also coordinates RTO’s cooperation with nations in Middle and Eastem Europe, to which RT0 attaches particular importance especially as working together in the field of research is one of the more promising areas of initial cooperation.
The total spectrum of R&T activities is covered by 7 Panels, dealing with:
l SAS Studies, Analysis and Simulation
l SC1 Systems Concepts and Integration
l SET Sensors and Electronics Technology
l IST Information Systems Technology
. AVT Applied Vehicle Technology
.HFM Human Factors and Medicine
l NSPG NATO Simulation Policy Group (Modelling and Simulation)
These Panels are made up of national representatives as well as generally recognised ‘world class’ scientists. The Panels also provide a communication link to military users and other NATO bodies. RTO’s scientific and technological work is carried out by Technical Teams, created for specific activities and with a specific duration. Such Technical Teams cari organise workshops, symposia, field trials, lecture series and training courses. An important function of these Technical Teams is to ensure the continu@ of the expert networks.
RT0 builds upon earlier cooperation in defence research and technology as set-up under the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) and the Defence Research Group (DRG). AGARD and the DRG share common roots in that they were both established at the initiative of Dr Theodore von Karman, a leading aerospace scientist, who early on recognised the importance of scientific support for the Allied Armed Forces. RT0 is capitalising on these common roots in order to provide the Alliance and the NATO nations with a strong scientific and technological basis that Will guarantee a solid base for the future.
The content of this publication has been reproduced directly from material supplied by RT0 or the authors.
Printed on recycled paper
Published June 1999
Copyright 0 RTO/NATO 1999 Al1 Rights Reserved
ISBN 92-837-0009-O
Printed by Canada Communication Group Inc. (A St. Joseph Corporation Company)
4.5 Sacré-Cœur Blvd., Hull (Québec), Canada KIA OS7
ii
Gas Turbine Engine Combustion, Emissions and Alternative Fuels
(RT0 MP-14)
Executive Summary
NATO efficiency in the future Will depend largely on air superiority, long range deployment capacity and rapid response both on land and at sea. The gas turbine engine Will remain the power source of choice, and fuel efficiency, fuel availability and exhaust emissions Will drive its design. The combustor is one of the crucial engine components and combustion system problems have traditionally contributed to well over half of the engine service problems in most air forces. The symposium focused on and addressed the key challenges for reducing fuel consumption, lowering emission levels and burning alternative fuels as requirements concurrent with improved performance and operation.
Widening the narrow standards of today’s fuels offers a short term solution to scarcity but has detrimental effects on combustor life and emission levels. New fuels, such as liquid hydrogen and methane, offer some potential advantages but also pose new combustion problems. The contribution of military engines to en-rissions is of major concert-r today and Will continue to be in the future. There are additional requirements for military engines such as higher combustion temperatures which are needed for superior efficiency but at the same time low exhaust temperatures and low exhaust volumes to reduce the infrared signature. Operability (blow-out stability and wind milling re-ignition, throttle response, etc.) must be enhanced as the aircraft flight envelope and manoeuvrability are expanded. Component durability must be maintained in an increasingly adverse environment. Combustor design, active control of flame stability, control performance and exhaust gas composition as well as operating procedure optimisation are the aims. Tools for combustion simulation and experimental validation are under continua1 elaboration to save on development and life cycle costs through better design.
Scientists and engineers met military and civil operators, and discussion concentrated on the customer’s future needs and constraints. A review of current R&D activities and formulation of specific research resulted from the Symposium, for which there is no known competing event. Universities, government laboratories, industry and some agencies of the military services were represented and presented their knowledge and advice. The correct makeup of participants was indeed achieved. Al1 papers presented were of good quality and covered new advances in many important areas.
Highlight topics for future AVT symposia in this field would seem to be as follows: gaseous and particulate emissions at altitude, optical diagnostics at elevated pressures in near-real combustors, and active combustion control a11 of which cari crucially contribute to the military usefulness of engines.
LU
La combustion dans les turbomoteurs, les émissions et les carburants de remplacement
(RT0 MP-14)
Synthèse
L’efficacité des forces de I’OTAN à l’avenir dépendra largement de la supériorité aérienne, de la capacité de déploiement à grande distance et de l’intervention rapide terrestre et maritime. Le turbomoteur restera le propulseur de choix et sa conception sera guidée par des considérations d’émission de gaz polluants, ainsi que par des questions de rendement et de disponibilité du carburant. La chambre de combustion est l’un des composants clés du moteur et l’expérience montre que plus de la moitié des problèmes d’entretien des moteurs, rencontrés par la majorité des forces aériennes sont liés aux systèmes de combustion. Le symposium a privilégié les défis clés de la diminution de la consommation du carburant, l’atténuation des niveaux d’émission de gaz polluants et l’utilisation de carburants de remplacement en vue d’améliorer les performances et le fonctionnement des turbomoteurs.
Bien que l’assouplissement des normes restrictives qui s’appliquent aux carburants modernes offre une solution à court terme aux problèmes de pénurie, elle s’accompagne d’effets indésirables pour la durée de vie des chambres de combustion et les niveaux d’émission de gaz polluants. Les nouveaux carburants, tels que l’hydrogène liquide et le méthane, s’ils offrent quelques avantages possibles, posent en même temps des problèmes nouveaux de combustion. La contribution des moteurs militaires aux émissions polluantes est, et restera, un sujet de préoccupation majeur. En plus, les moteurs militaires ont des caractéristiques spécifiques, à savoir, des températures de combustion élevées, pour assurer une meilleure efficacité, avec en même temps des températures et des volumes de gaz d’échappement moindres, pour permettre de réduire la signature infrarouge. L’exploitabilité (stabilité en cas de surpression, réallumage en autorotation, réponse du moteur, etc.) doit être améliorée au fur et à mesure de l’augmentation de la maniabilité et de l’élargissement des domaines de vol. Il s’agit également de conserver la longévité des composants dans un environnement de plus en plus contraignant. La conception des chambres de combustion, le contrôle actif de la stabilité de la flamme, les performances en matière de contrôle, la composition des gaz d’échappement et l’optimisation de la procédure d’exploitation sont les objectifs en vue. Les outils de simulation et de validation expérimentale de la combustion sont en évolution permanente dans le but de réaliser des économies sur les coûts de développement et de possession par l’amélioration de la conception.
Les scientifiques et les ingénieurs qui ont assisté à la réunion ont pu rencontrer des exploitants militaires et civils et leurs discussions ont porté essentiellement sur les besoins futurs des clients et les contraintes qui leur sont imposées. Le symposium, qui est, à notre connaissance, unique en son genre, a permis de faire le point des activités de R&D actuelles et de formuler des projets de recherche spécifiques. Les universités, les laboratoires gouvernementaux, les industries et les agences militaires représentés ont exposé leurs connaissances et proposé des conseils. Du point de vue des participants, la répartition était équilibrée. Toutes les communications présentées ont été de bonne qualité, couvrant de nouvelles avancées dans bon nombre de domaines importants.
Les sujets présentant un intérêt particulier pour les futurs symposia AVT dans ce domaine pourraient être : les émissions particulaires et gazeuses en altitude, le diagnostic optique aux pressions élevées dans des chambres de combustion quasi-réelles, et la combustion active, ces sujets pouvant faire l’objet de contributions déterminantes dans le domaine des moteurs militaires.
iv
Contents
Page
Executive Summary . . . lu
Synthèse iv
Theme/Thème ix
Recent Publications on Propulsion and Power Systems of the Former AGARD Propulsion and Energetics Pane1 and the RT0 Applied Vehicle Technology Pane1 X
Programme Committee xii
Reference
Technical Evaluation Report by G.J. Sturgess
T
Keynote Address by J.S. Lewis
K
SESSION 1: GAS TURBINES IN LAND, SEA AND AIR APPLICATIONS
Ground Vehicle Mobility Requirements. Meeting the Challenge with Electric Drives by G. Khalil and J. Hitchcock
1
Advances in a Gas Turbine System for Ship Propulsion by M.L. Parker, P.K. MacLeod and M. Coulson
2
Technical Challenges Associated with the Development of Advanced Combustion Systems by C.A. Van Erp and M.H. Richman
3
SESSION II: LOW EMISSION COMBUSTORS
Paper 4 withdrawn
Empirical and Anchored Methodologies for Controlling Combustion Dynamics by R.P. Pandalai, G.C. Hsiao and H.C. Mongia
5
Paper 6 withdrawn
NO, Reduction by Lean Premixed Prevaporized Combustion by Th. Ripplinger, N. Zarzalis, G. Meikis, C. Hassa and M. Brandt
7
Status of Catalytic Combustion R&D for the Department of Energy Advanced Turbine Systems Program
8
by D. Fant, G. Jackson, H. Karim, D. Newburry, P. Dutta, K. Smith, D. Smith and R. Dibble
Measurement of Spray/Acoustic Coupling in Gas Turbine Fuel Injectors by T.J. Anderson, D.W. Kendrick, J.M. Cohen and T.J. Rosfjord
9
SESSION III: COMBUSTION MODELLING - PART 1
Soot and Radiation Modelling in Gas Turbine Combustion Cbambers by H.T. Brocklehurst, J.B. Moss, C.D. Hurley and C.H. Priddin
10
A Novel Code for the Prediction of Transient Flow Field in a Gas Turbine Combustor Simulator
by N. Selçuk and 0. Oymak
11
Reduced Kinetic Mechanisms for Modelling LPP Combustion in Gas Turbines by A. Linan, M. Bollig, A.L. Sanchez and B. Lazare
12
Numerical Simulation of the Reactive Flow in a Tubular Chamber with Detailed Kinetic Effects
13
by B. Zamuner, B. Bourasseau, C. Berat and H. Niemann
Kerosene Combustion Modelling using Detailed and Reduced Chemical Kinetic Mechanisms
14
by M. Cathonnet, D. Voisin, A. Etsouli, C. Sferdean, M. Reuillon, J.C. Boettner and P. Dagaut
Modelling of a Lean Premixed Combustor by P.J. Coelho and P. Salvada
SESSION IV: OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS - PART 1
Validation and Application of a Droplet Evaporation Mode1 for Real Aviation Fuel by K. Prommersberger, G. Maier and S. Wittig
Optical Diagnostics Applied to a Jet Diffusion Flame by F. Grisch, B. Attal-Tretout, P. Bouchardy, V.R. Katta and W.M. Roquemore
Experimental Investigation of an Axially Staged Combustor Sector with Optical Diagnostics at Realistic Operating Conditions
by C. Hassa, M. Carl, M. Frodermann, T. Behrendt, J. Heinze, 1. Rohle, N. Brehm, Th. Schilling and Th. Doerr
SESSION V: EMISSIONS
Measurement and Prediction of NO and NO2 Emissions from Aero Engines by T.J. Foster, C.W. Wilson, M. Pourkashanian and A. Williams
Influence of Engine Performance on Emission Characteristics by A. Dopelheuer and M. Lecht
Modeling the Effects of Operating Conditions and Alternative Fuels on Gas Turbine Performance and Emissions
by W.P.J. Visser and S.C.A. Kluiters
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
In-Flight Spectroscopie Aircraft Emission Measurements by H.W. Jentink and J.J.F. van Veen
22
SESSION VI: COMBUSTOR DESIGN - PART 1
The Design and Evaluation of a Piloted, Lean But-n, Premixed, Prevaporised Combustor by M.I. Wedlock, J.R. Tilston and R.E. Seoud
23
Advance Fuel Injection Strategies for High Performance Gas Turbine Engines by S. Samuelsen and V. McDonell
Turbulent Structure of Generic LPP Gas Turbine Combustors by B. Lazaro, E. Gonzalez, J. Alfaro, P. Rodriguez and A. Lecuona
24
25
Paper 26 withdrawn
NO, Reduction in a Fuel Staged Combustor by Optimisation of the Mixing Process and the Residence Time
27
by N. Brehm, Th. Schilling, A. Mack and G. Kappler
Paper 28 withdrawn
SESSION VII: IGNITION PROCESSES
A Novel Technique for Predicting the Ignition Performance of an Aero Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber
by C.W. Wilson, C.G.W. Sheppard and H.C. Low
29
Caractérisation des systèmes d’injection prémélangés en auto-inflammation et remontée de flamme
30
(Characterisation of Autoignition and Flashback in Premixed Injection Systems) by C. Guin
Ignition Diagrams and Bifurcation Maps by F.P. Di Maio, G. Barbier-i and P.G. Lignola
SESSION VIII: COMBUSTOR DESIGN - PART 2
On the Analysis of Combustion Performance in a LPP Combustor at Atmospheric Pressure
by P.M. Anacleto and M.V. Heitor
The Use of Fluidics in Gas Turbine Combustion Design by R.J. Woolhouse, J.R. Tippetts, M. Whiteman, K.J. Young, S.B.M. Beck and J. Swithenbank
31
32t
33
FueUAir Preparation in the Design of Low Emissions Gas Turbine Combustion Systems by M.K. Razdan
34
Experiments in a Small Gas-Turbine Combustor with Gas and Liquid Fuels by A.L. Heyes, D. Jelercic and J.H. Whitelaw
35
SESSION IX: ACTIVE COMBUSTION CONTROL
AGARD Workshops on Active Combustion Control for Propulsion Systems by V. Yang and K.C. Schadow
Combustion Instabilities in Low NO, Gas Turbines and Their Active Control by B.T. Zinn, T. Lieuwen and Y. Neumeier
Active Control of Combustion Instability in a Liquid-Fueled, Low-NO, Combustor by J.M. Cohen, N.M. Rey, C.A. Jacobson, T.J. Anderson and T.J. Rosfjord
36
37
38
t Paper not available at time of printing
vii
Adaptive Control of Aeroacoustic Instabilities with Application to Propulsion Systems by M. Mettenleiter, E. Haile and S. Candel
Application of Active Combustion Control to Siemens Heavy Duty Gas Turbines by S. Hoffmann, G. Weber, H. Judith, J. Hermann and A. Grthmann
Optimization of Active Control Systems for Suppressing Combustion Instability by J.G. Lee, B.-S. Hong, K. Kim, V. Yang and D. Santavicca
39
40
41
SESSION X: OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS - PART 2
Optical Measurements of Jet-Mixing in a Swirling Crossflow of a Combustion Chamber by B.H. Krautkremer, M.M. Blomeyer and D.K. Hennecke
42
Optical Measurements of Spray Combustion in a Single Sector Combustor from a Practical Fuel Injecter at Higher Pressures
43
by T. Behrendt, M. Frodermann, C. Hassa, J. Heinze, B. Lehmann and K. Stursberg
Combustion Characteristics of a Trapped Vortex Combustor by G.J. Sturgess and K.-Y. Hsu
SESSION XI: ALTERNATIVE FUELS
European Evaluation of JPS+lOO Fuel and Its Impact on Engine/Fuel System Design by S.P. Bullock, A. Hobday and C. Lewis
Paper 46 withdrawn
Catalytic Combustion Concepts for Industrial Gas Turbines From MicroWatt to MegaWatt
by J.M. der Kinderen and R. van Yperen
Modification of the Fuel Control System of a Gas Turbine Engine from Kerosene to Hydrogen
by D. Dini
SESSION XII: COMBUSTION MODELLING - PART 2
44
45
47
48
Numerical Predictions and Experimental Measurements of Radiative Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Combustors
49
by P. Di Martino and G. Cinque
Soot Formation Modelling in Turbulent Diffusion Flames by P. Di Martino and G. Cinque
50
Effkient Numerical Calculation of Evaporating Sprays in Combustion Chamber Flows by R. Schmehl, G. Klose, G. Maier and S. Wittig
51
Paper 52 withdrawn
Pollutants Emission Prediction in Combustion in Inert Porous Media by 1. Malice, X.Y. Zhou and J.C.F. Pereira
53
“111
Theme
NATO efficiency in the future Will depend largely on air superiority, long range deployment capacity and rapid response both on land and at sea. The gas turbine engine Will remain the power source of choice, and fuel efficiency, fuel availability, and exhaust emissions Will drive its design. The symposium Will focus on the combustor as the crucial engine component, and Will address the key challenges of reducing fuel consumption, lowering emission levels, and buming alternative fuels. Widening the narrow standards of today’s fuels offers a short term solution to scarcity but has detrimental effects on combustor life and emission levels. New fuels, such as liquid hydrogen and methane, offer some potential advantages, but also pose new combustion problems. The use of these fuels Will be considered, as Will the contribution of military engines to exhaust emission levels, combustor design and operating procedures, and active control of flame stability. Development tools such as combustion simulation and experimental validation Will also be discussed. Scientists and engineers Will meet military and civil operators and discussion Will concentrate on the customer’s future needs and constraints. A review of current R&D activities and formulation of specific research may result from the Symposium, for which there is no known competing event.
Thème
L’efficacité, à terme, des forces de 1’OTAN dépendra en grande partie de la supériorité aérienne, ainsi que des capacités de déploiement à grande distance et de réaction rapide sur terre et sur mer. Le turbomoteur restera le propulseur de choix et sa conception sera guidée par des considérations de rendement énergétique, de disponibilité de carburant, et d’émission de gaz polluants.
Ce symposium s’attachera à étudier la chambre de combustion en tant que composant propulsif fondamental et il examinera les défis décisifs représentés par la diminution de la consommation de carburant, l’abaissement des niveaux d’émission et les carburants de remplacement. Si l’augmentation des normes actuelles qui s’appliquent aux carburants peut fournir une solution à certains problèmes ponctuels de pénurie, elle a en revanche des effets contraires sur la durée de vie des chambres de combustion et sur les niveaux d’émission. Les nouveaux carburants, tels que l’hydrogène liquide et le méthane, offrent certes des avantages possibles, mais ils posent aussi de nouveaux problèmes de combustion.
L’utilisation de ces carburants sera étudiée, ainsi que l’apport des moteurs militaires aux problèmes des niveaux d’émission des gaz d’échappement, aux procédures de conception et d’exploitation et au contrôle actif de la stabilisation de flamme. Les outils de développement, tels que la simulation de la combustion et la validation expérimentale, seront également pris en compte. Des contacts seront établis entre scientifiques et ingénieurs d’une part, et militaires et exploitants civils d’autre part, avec des échanges de vues sur les attentes futures des utilisateurs et sur les contraintes qui leur sont imposées.
Le symposium, qui est le seul à être organisé sur ce sujet à l’heure actuelle, pourrait aboutir à une mise au point des activités courantes de recherche et développement dans ce domaine, ainsi qu’à la formulation de projets spécifiques de recherche.
ix
Recent Publications on Propulsion and Power Systems of the Former AGARD Propulsion and Energetics Pane1 and the RT0 Applied Vehicle
Technology Pane1
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (CP)
Combustion and Fuels in Gas Turbine Engines AGARD CP 422, June 1988
Engine Condition Monitoring - Technology and Experience AGARD CP 448, October 1988
Application of Advanced Material for Turbomachinery and Rocket Propulsion AGARD CP 449, March 1989
Combustion Instabilities in Liquid-Fuelled Propulsion Systems AGARD CP 450, April 1989
Aircraft Fire Safety AGARD CP 467, October 1989
Unsteady Aerodynamic Phenomena in Turbomachines AGARD CP 468, February 1990
Secondary Slows in Turbomachines AGARD CP 469, February 1990
Hypersonic Combined Cycle Propulsion AGARD CP 479, December 1990
Low Temperature Environment Operations of Turboenghtes (Design and User’s Problems) AGARD CP 480, May 1991
CFD Techniques for Propulsion Applications AGARD CP 510, February 1992
Insensitive Munitions AGARD CP 5 11, July 1992
Combat Aircraft Noise AGARD CP 5 12, April 1992
Airbreathing Propulsion for Missües and Projectiles AGARD CP 526, September 1992
Heat Transfer and Cooling in Gas Turbines AGARD CP 527, February 1993
Fuels and Combustion Technology for Advanced Aircraft Engines AGARD CP 536, September 1993
Technology Requirements for Small Gas Turbines AGARD CP 537, March 1994
Erosion, Corrosion and Foreign Object Damage Effects in Gas Turbines AGARD CP 558, February 1995
Environmental Aspects of Rocket and Gun Propulsion AGARD CP 559, February 1995
LO~S Mechanisms and Unsteady Flows in Turbomachines AGARD CP 571, January 1996
Advanced Aero-Engine Concepts and Controls AGARD CP 572, June 1996
Service Life of Solid Rocket Propellants AGARD CP 586, May 1997
Aircraft Fire Safety AGARD CP 587, September 1997
Future Aerospace Technology in the Service of the Alliance - Sustained Hypersonic Flight AGARD CP 600, Volume 3, December 1997
Advanced Non-Intrusive Instrumentation for Propulsion Engines AGARD CP 598, May 1998
MEETING PROCEEDINGS (MP)
Design Principles and Methods for Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines RTA MP-8, February 1999
x
ADVISORY REPORTS (AR)
The Uniform Engine Test Programme (Results of Working Group 15) AGARD AR 248, February 1990
Test Cases for Computation of Interna1 Flows in Aero Engine Components (Results of Working Group 18) AGARD AR 275, July 1990
Test Cases for Engine Life Assessment Technology (Results of Working Group 20) AGARD AR 308, September 1992
Terminology and Assessment Methods of Solid Propellant Rocket Exhaust Signatures (Results of Working Group 21) AGARD AR 287, February 1993
Guide to the Measurement of the Transient Performance of Aircraft Turbine Engines and Components (Results of Working Group 23) AGARD AR 320, Match 1994
Experimental and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Connected - Pipe Ramjet and Ducted Rocket Internal Performance (Results of Working Group 22) AGARD AR 323, July 1994
Recommended Practices for tbe Assessment of the Effects of Atmospheric Water Ingestion on the Performance and Operability of Gas Turbine Engines (Results of Working Group 24) AGARD AR 332, September 1995
Structural Assessment of Solid Propellant Grains (Results of Working Group 25) AGARD AR 350, December 1997
CFD Validation for Propulsion System Components (Results of Working Group 26) AGARD AR 355, May 1998
LECTURE SERIES (LS)
Blading Design for Axial Turbomachines AGARD LS 167, June 1989
Comparative Engine Performance Measurements AGARD LS 169, May 1990
Combustion of Solid Propellants AGARD LS 180, July 1991
Steady and Transient Performance Prediction of Gas Turbine Engines AGARD LS 183, May 1992
Rocket Motor Plume Technology AGARD LS 188, June 1993
Research and Development of RamlScramjets and Turboramjets in Russia AGARD LS 194, December 1993
Turbomachinery Design Using CFD AGARD LS 195, May 1994
Mathematical Models of Gas Turbine Engines and their Components AGARD LS 198, December 1994
Integrated Multidisciplinary Design of Higb Pressure Multistage Compresser Systems (LS-211) published as RT0 EN 1, September 1998
AGARDOGRAPHS (AG)
Measurement Uncertainty within the Uniform Engine Test Programme AGARD AG 307, May 1989
Hazard Studies for Solid Propellant Rocket Motors AGARD AG 3 16, September 1990
Advanced Methods for Cascade Testing AGARD AG 328, August 1993
REPORTS (R)
Application of Modified LO~S and Deviation Correlations to Transonik Axial Compressors AGARD R 745, June 1990
Rotorcraft Drivetrain Life Safety and Reliability AGARD R 775, June 1990
Propulsion and Energy Issues for the 21st Century AGARD R 824, March 1997
Impact Study on the use of JET A Fuel in Military Aircraft during Operations in Europe AGARD R 801, January 1997
The Sit@e Fuel Concept and Operation Desert Shield/Storm AGARD R 810, January 1997 (NATO Unclassified)
Active Combustion Control for Propulsion Systems AGARD R 820, September 1997
xi
Programme Committee
BELGIUM
Prof. R. Jacques Ecole Royale Militaire 30 avenue de la Renaissance
1000 Bruxelles
CANADA
Mr. D. Rudnitski Head, Engine Laboratory Institute for Aerospace Research
National Research Council of Canada Ottawa. Ontario KlA OR6
GERMANY
Prof. D.K. Hennecke Fachgebiet Gasturbinen und Flugantriebe Technische Hochscbule Darmstadt
Petersenstrasse 30 64287 Darmstadt
GREECE
Prof. Dr. P. Kotsiopoulos Hellenic Air Force Academy
Chair of Propulsion Systems Dekelia, Attiki
Programme Committee Chairman Prof. R. Evans
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of British Columbia
2324 Main Mal1 Vancouver, B.C. V6T lW5
Canada
ITALY
Prof. G. Torella Accademia Aeronautica
Dipartimento di Scienza e Applicate al Vo10 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli)
NETHERLANDS
Prof. W. De Wolf National Aerospace Laboratory
P.O. Box 153 8300 AD Emmeloord
PORTUGAL
Prof. M.N.R. Nina CTAMFUL
Instituto Superior Tecnico Avenida Rovisco Pais 1096 Lisboa Codex
SPAIN
Prof. J. J. Salva Monfort Dept. de Motorpropulsion y Termofluidodinamica ETSIA
Plaza Cardenal Ciseros 28040 Madrid
TURKEY
Dr. T. Yafar Katirçioglu
MSG ARGE D. Ba$anligi 06650 Yucetepe
Ankara
UNITED KINGDOM
Mr. R. Cottington Research Manager Propulsion Technology Department
DERA Pyestock Farnborough, Hants, GU14 OLS
Prof. R.S. Fletcher Deputy Vice Chancellor
Cranfield Institute of Technology Cranfield, Bedford MK43 OAL
UNITED STATES
Prof. F. Culick California Institute of Technology
205 Guggenbeim Mail Stop 205-45 Pasadena, CA 91125
Mr. R. Hi11 Chief of Technology
WLIPOT, Building 18 1950 Fifth Street Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433-7251
Dr. C. Russo Director of Aeronautics NASA Lewis Research Center
MS 3-8 21000 Brookpark Road
Cleveland, Ohio 44135
Dr. K. Schadow Head, Propulsion Research Section Code 47420D, NAWCIWD
First Administration Circle, MS 104d China Lake, CA 93555-6001
xii
I REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE / 1. Recipient’s Reference 2. Originator’s References 3. Further Reference 4. Security Classification
of Document
RTO-MP- 14 ISBN 92-837-0009-o UNCLASSIFIED/
AC/323(AVT)TI’/lO UNLIMIl-ED
5. Originator Research and Technology Organization North Atlantic Treaty Organization BP 25, 7 rue Ancelle, F-92201 Neuilly-sur-Seine Cedex, France
6. Title Gas Turbine Engine Combustion, Emissions and Alternative Fuels
7. Presented atkponsored by
the Applied Vehicle Technology Pane1 (AVT) Symposium (organized by the former AGARD Propulsion and Energetics Pane1 (PEP)), held in Lisbon, Portugal, 12-16 October 1998.
8. Author(s)/Editor(s)
Multiple
9. Date
June 1999
10. Author’siEditor’s Address
Multiple
12. Distribution Statement
11. Pages
616
There are no restrictions on the distribution of this document. Information about the availability of this and other RT0 unclassified publications is given on the back caver.
13. Keywords/Descriptors
Gas turbine engines Performance evaluation Combustion Research projects Combustion chambers Combustion efficiency Fuel consumption Combustion control Exhaust en-rissions Mathematical models Jet engine fuels Computerized simulation Aviation fuels Optical measurement Availability Emission control Alternative fuels Design Aircraft engines Ignition
14. Abstract
The symposium dealt with Gas Turbine Engine Combustion, Emissions and Alternative Fuels. Forty-six papers and a Keynote Address elucidated the role of the combustion process as a crucial factor of engine performance and operability under various conditions including non- standard, new fuels and environmental effects of civil and military interest.
There were 12 Sessions covering the following topics (some in 2 sessions):
- Gas Turbines in Land, Sea and Air Applications - Low-Emission Combustors - Combustion Modelling - Optical Measurements - Emissions - Combustor Design - Ignition Processes - Active Combustion Control - Alternative Fuels
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