Struggling for Social Change:Anthropological and other perspectives

Fall 2012

Tuesdays and Thursdays, 2:00 – 3:20 pm

Maxwell Hall 110

Professor John Burdick

Office: 209 Maxwell Hall

Office phone: 443-3822

Office hours:

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Activist women in the Abhalali Squatters’ Movement, South Africa, 2011

Goal of the course

Drawing on work in the disciplines of anthropology, sociology, geography, communication studies, political science, and history, this course will investigate why, when and how collective action for social change occurs, in a wide variety of cultural and political contexts. By the end of this course you will:

be conversant with an array of social scientific theories and concepts that will deepen your analysis of historical and contemporary processes of oppositional collective action;

appreciate the contribution ethnographic and anthropological approaches make to such analysis; and

grasp the relevance of such analysis to activism and practical action

ASSIGNMENTS AND EVALUATION

Participation……………………………………………………….…………..10%Reading notes………………………………………………………….………25%Analytic essay 1…………………………………………………….………….10%Analytic essay 2………………………………………………………….…….15%Presentation of article………………………………………………….……….5%Proposal and bibliography…………………………………………………….5%Presentation of project………………………………………..………………...5%Final paper………………………………………………………………………25%

1) In-class participation………………..………………..………….………………...10%

This is a seminar course: that means that a large part of what we do together is discuss assigned materials in light of our understanding, puzzles, experiences, and other reading. We will discuss assigned readings in detail: what they claim, what their strengths and weaknesses are, and how they help (and do not help) shed light on collective action and activism throughout the world. Since these discussions are the heart of the course, you need to come to class prepared to participate in them. I will be paying close attention to each student’s participation levels. Be sure to chime in at least once in every class meeting. The point is not to be brilliant, but to be

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engaged and thoughtful. Do not be afraid to say that you don’t understand or agree with a point made in a reading, by one of your co-students, or by me. You will not be alone!

2) 10 reading notes (@400 words each)……...………..……………………………...25%

Students will send reading notes in advance of class meetings to the Discussion Board on the Blackboard site (located under “Communications”). This will facilitate class discussions by giving you time to think about what your fellow students have to say about the readings, and enhance our ability to keep focused on issues of interest. You are responsible for reading all of your co-students’ posted comments before coming to class. In the first meeting of the class, you will be assigned to either the “A” or “B” group. From September 4-October 9, members of group “A” are responsible for sending reading notes to the Discussion Board by 9:30 pm on MONDAY evenings; members of group “B” are responsible for sending notes to the Board by 9:30 pm on WEDNESDAY evenings. From October 11-November 15, members of group “A” are responsible for sending reading notes to the Discussion Board by 9:30 pm on WEDNESDAY evenings; members of group “B” are responsible for sending notes to the Board by 9:30 pm on MONDAY evenings. Here are some questions to keep in mind as you write your reading notes. You will naturally not address all these questions for each reading, but they should help you focus.

a) Argument? What key points, claims, or arguments in the readings do you find particularly important, compelling or significant, and why?

b) Clarification? What if anything in the readings do you feel puzzled by?

c) Questions? What questions does each reading provoke in you? What are some questions you think would be good for the class to discuss?

d) Connections between readings? What is the relationship between the two readings? Do they complement or complicate each other in any way? How do the readings relate to works in earlier class meetings?

e) Your own experience & reading? Do either of the readings remind you of anything from your own experience or other reading? What new light do they shed on those experiences or reading?

f) Practice? Does the article provide insights potentially useful to someone trying to be a more effective activist? If so, what?

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g) Critique? What points in the readings do you feel were wrong, superficial, or problematic?

Each set of notes is worth 2.5% of your final grade. Responses will be graded “A”, ‘B”, or “C”: an “A” means that you have shown clarity, seriousness, thoroughness and originality of thought; “B” means you have shown clarity and seriousness, but less thoroughness or originality; “C” means that I judge you are showing less clarity and seriousness; and no or little thoroughness or originality.

3) Two analyses of current events (1200 words each – approx. 3.5 double-spaced pages)

Analysis 1 (due Friday, Oct 12)…………………………………………..10%

Analysis 2 (due Friday, Nov 16)…………………………………...…….15%

Starting in early September, you will begin to monitor contemporary news via outlets such as the New York Times, Al Jaazira, CNN, Democracy Now, or Huffington Post, in order to identify two or three ongoing stories about mobilization, activism, or collective action unfolding somewhere in the world. Two of these will become your cases for short analytic papers, in which you will apply theoretical concepts covered in the seminar. The best papers will include some (not a lot) of outside scholarly reading about the issue or group you are looking at. These papers are not intended to get you to undertake lots of outside research; they are intended to help you learn how analyze real, contemporary episodes of collective action.

Each analysis will be a 1200-word commentary on a collective action episode, event or movement you read about in the news. The analyses must be sent to me as an e-mail attachment by 9:30 pm on the Friday they are due.

Each analysis should be in the form of a white paper, submitted (hypothetically) to an advocacy organization, activist group, NGO, or governmental agency. The analysis may utilize one or both of the following analytical strategies: 1) the direct application of some concept, theory, idea or tool we have been learning about in class, to the material you have found in the news reports; 2) articulation of questions and research strategies to investigate the episode, event or movement more analytically. You should

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feel free to use the material from your monitoring of the news in our discussions throughout the semester.

4) In-class presentation of reading……………..……………………………………..5%

On Thursday, August 30, you will pick a date from hat & tell me the date you picked. The presentation readings are posted on Blackboard for each date under the rubric “Presentation”. In preparation for your presentation, you are responsible for:

1) doing the presentation reading posted on Blackboard (and identified on the syllabus)

2) preparing the presentation. This should be 10-15 minutes long. In the presentation you do the following:

a. explain the key points of the presentation readingb. explain how the presentation reading relates to the assigned

joint readings. c. Be sure to concentrate on the reading’s contributions; don’t

spend most of your time criticizing it3) Following the presentation, there will be a 10-15 minute discussion.

Your audience will pose questions to you about the reading you have reported on, and/or will comment on what the reading suggests in relation to the assigned readings, or other things. Your job is to reply to each questoner: either by addressing his or her question directly, or by connecting the question to something you know. If you do not have an answer to a question, just say “I don’t know.”

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5) Term project

Overall description of project

For the purpose of this project, you must imagine that you have been recruited by an advocacy group, NGO, activist network, government, UN agency, or some other organization to prepare an analytical report on a concrete example or episode of mobilization, activism, collective action, organizing, or social movement somewhere in the world. The example may be either historical or contemporary.

What is an analytical report?

An “analytical report” must go beyond a mere description of the example or episode, and probe the causes, forces and dynamics at work within it. “Analysis” involves addressing questions such as: Why did the movement or mobilization emerge when it did? What is its social composition? Is it strong or fragile, and if so, why? What is the nature of its ideology and strategy, and why did its leaders adopt these? How does leadership in the movement function? What practices of decision-making has emerged in it, and how are these pushing the limits of current models of democracy? What impacts on consciousness, practice, policy and law is the movement having? How is it reshaping, in small or large ways, the trajectory of neoliberal modes of governance and power? These are just examples; as you proceed through the course, numerous other analytical questions will suggest themselves to you.

At least five theoretical concepts

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The paper must include a detailed application of at least five (5) of the theoretical concepts offered by the course. Since you will be reading works often framed by concepts other than those used in the course, it will be natural to refer to those other concepts. However, over the course of the paper, you must use at least five (5) of the conceptual tools developed in this course. You may use the tools to help organize the paper into themes; to critique the analysis of the scholars you have read; and/or to subject the tools themselves to critique in dialogue with the scholarly work you have read.

Inclusion of anthropology and/or ethnographic work

At least some of the material you consult for the paper mist be authored by a professional anthropologist and/or be based on ethnographic research.

The key components of the project

Your work in preparing the final report has four components: a) a meeting with me; b) a proposal; c) an in-class presentation; and d) the final report. You must deliver the report to me as an e-mail attachment no later than Tuesday, December 11, 2012. The paper is 10-12 pages in length for undergraduates, 14-16 pages for graduate students.

a) Meeting with me

You must meet with me to select your topic by no later than Friday, October 19th. Here are the key criteria for selecting a topic: You are interested in it; and a high-quality published scholarship about the topic exists. I cannot emphasize this point enough. Many students decide to research topics about which there is little published research. I will help you zero in and find topics about which there is a rich scholarly literature. Failure to meet with me will result in the loss of one full grade in the evaluation of your final paper.

b) Project proposal (due Friday November 2)………………….……………….5%

A 2-page proposal is due as an attachment no later than Friday, October 26. The first page of the proposal must explain, in no fewer than three paragraphs, the topic and questions you plan to investigate in the project;

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the second page must list the resources you plan to consult. The paper must be based on scholarly publication (articles and books): for undergraduate students, at least 250 pages of scholarly publications (e.g., one 200-page book and two 25-page articles; one 150 page book and four 25-page articles; ten 25-page articles, etc.); for graduate students, the minimum is at least 350 pages. This material must be readily accessible and clearly cited in your bibliography. At least one book or article must be authored by a professional anthropologist and/or be based on ethnographic research (we will talk more about this as the course proceeds).

c) In-class presentation either November 29, December 4, or December 6…………5%

This is a 10-minute in-class presentation. We will draw lots to identify which day you will present; we will discuss content of presentation later in the semester.

d) Final paper due Tuesday, December 11…………………..…………...……25%

GENERAL POLICIES

Class courtesy: Please come to class on time. Once class begins, refrain from personal conversations. Please put away all non-course reading materials. Turn off and put away all cell phones. There is obviously no texting allowed during class. Please avoid premature preparations to leave class.

Laptop policy: This is a “no open laptop” course. Hard experience over the years has convinced me that laptops in the classroom are a distraction. (If you need to use a laptop because of a special need or disability, please see me.) Noble hopes that one will limit one’s use of the Internet only to course-related materials slip sooner or later into checking e-mail and browsing unrelated sites. I want you all to be 100% present in our discussions, not checking Facebook. The quality of class discussions is directly proportional to how much attention we give to the people physically in the room.

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Plagiarism: I will not tolerate plagiarism or any other forms of cheating. If I find a case of cheating, you will receive an F on the assignment, possibly for the course, and will be reported to the relevant college administrator.

Paraphrasing: Avoid using long direct quotations of readings and/or lecture notes. Instead it is better to paraphrase those ideas, that is, to explain the ideas from the readings or the lectures or films using you own words. However, when you paraphrase, you MUST STILL CITE THE SOURCE of the idea. If you fail to cite the source, you are implying that it is your own idea, and that is plagiarism.

Direct quotations: If you use direct quotations, then you must put the quotation within quotation marks and use the correct citation following the quotation. The format to be used for citations will be handed out with the first paper assignment.

For more information on plagiarism and the Syracuse University Compact on Academic Honesty please see http://www-hl.syr.edu/cas-pages/PromAcademicHonesty.htm

Students with disabilities who have registered with the Office of Disability Services should see me about accommodations to your needs.

Class meetings: reading assignments

I. Introduction to course

T Aug 28: Introduction

Elisangela in Rio de Janeiro

Th Aug 30: “Eyes on the Prize”

Part I of the “Eyes on the Prize” documentary series on the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.

II. The absence of overt resistance and revolt

T Sept 4: Thick and thin theories of hegemony

Required:

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1. Scott, James C. 1990. “Behind the Official Story” and “False Consciousness of Laying it on Thick”, from James Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance. Yale University Press, 1-16; 70-107.

2. Rutten, Roseann. 2007. “Losing Face in Philippine Labor Confrontations: How Shame May Inhibit Worker Activism,” from L. Joseph et al (eds), New Perspectives in Political Ethnography, 37-43

Presentation: Contradictory consciousness

Gomberg-Munoz, Ruth. 2010. “Willing to Work: Agency and Vulnerability in an Undocumented Immigrant Network,” American Anthropologist 112/ 2, 295 – 307.

For those interested in reading further:

1. Aguilar, J. L. 1982. “Shame, acculturation and ethnic relations: A psychological ‘process of domination’ in Southern Mexico”, Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology, 5, 155–171.

2. Auyero, Javier and Déborah A. Swistun,. 2009. Flammable: Environmental Suffering in an Arentine Shantytown. Oxford, 109-152

3. Burawoy, Michael. 1985. The Politics of Production. New York: Verso.4. Kasmir, Sharryn. 2005. “Activism and Class Identity,” in June Nash,

ed., Social Movements: An Anthropological Reader. Blackwell, 78-96.

5. Pangsapa, Piya. 2007. Textures of Struggle: The Emergence of Resistance Among Garment Workers in Thailand. Cornell: ILR Press, 35-79

Th Sept 6: Dissident subcultures

Required:

1. Scott, James C. 1990. “Space for a Dissident Subculture”, from Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 108-135

2. Morris, Aldon. 1984. “Domination, Church, and the NAACP,” from Aldon Morris, The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: Free Press, 1-12

Presentation: The Stonewall bar as dissident subculture

Carter, David. 2004. Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution. New York, 67-88

For those interested in reading further:

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1. Couto, Robert. 1993. `Narrative, free space, and political leadership in social movements,'' The Journal of Politics 55: 57-79

2. Jepson, W. 2006. “Spaces of Labor Activism: Mexican-American women and the farm worker movement in South Texas” Antipode, 27, 679 – 702

3. Kruger, Jaco, 2001. “Playing in the Land of God: Musical Performance and Social Resistance in South Africa,” British Journal of Ethnomusicology, 10/2: 1-36

4. McDonough, Gary. 1992. “Bars, Gender, and Virtue: Myth and Practice in Barcelona's "Barrio Chino" Anthropological Quarterly, 65/1: 19-33

5. Polletta, Francesca. 1999. “Free spaces in collective action,” Theory and Society, 28/1: 1 - 38

6. Rios, Michael. “Public Space Praxis: Cultural Capacity and Political Efficacy in Latina/o Placemaking’, Berkeley Planning Journal

7. Smith, Michael. 1983. “Social Usages of the Public Drinking House: Changing Aspects of Class and Leisure.” The British Journal of Sociology, 34/3: 367-385

T Sept 11: Arts of political disguise and everyday resistance

Required:

1. Scott, James C. 1990. “Voice Under Domination,” in Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 136-182

2. Maryann Dickar. 2008. “Clowning”, in M. Dickar, Corridor Cultures: Mapping Student Resistance at an Urban High School. NYU Press, 179-186

Presentation: Everyday resistance in a Nepali women’s festival

Holland, Dorothy and Debra Skinner, 1995. “Contested ritual, contested femininities: (Re)Forming self and society in a Nepali women's festival,” American Ethnologist, 22/2. 279 - 305

For those interested in reading further:

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1. Riley, Kerry Kathleen. 2008. “The Busch Cast”, in Riley, Everyday Subversion: From Joking to Revolting in the German Democratic Republic. East Lansing, 57-89

2. Obadare, Ebenezar. 2009. “The Uses of Ridicule: Humour, ‘Infrapolitics’ and Civil Society in Nigeria” African Affairs, 108/431, 241 - 261

Th Sept 13: Unorganized dissident action

Required:

Scott, James C. 1990. “Beyond the War of Words: Cautious Resistance and Calculated Conformity”, in Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 241-303

Presentation: Infrapolitics

Dickar, Maryann. 2008. “’You have to change your whole attitude toward everything: Threshold struggles and infrapolitical resistance,” from M. Dickar, Corridor Cultures, 141-164.

For those interested in reading further:

1. Michaud, Jean. 2011. “Hmong infrapolitics: a view from Vietnam,” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 11: 1 – 21

2. Zanotti, Laura. 2012. “Resistance and the politics of negotiation: women, place and space among the Kayapó in Amazonia”

III. Triggers of overt resistance and revolt

T Sept 18: Expanding political opportunities

Required:

1. Tarrow, Sidney. 2011. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics, 160-169

2. Piven, Francis Fox and Richard Cloward, 1977. Poor People’s Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail, 181-211

3. Scott, James C. 1990. “A Saturnalia of Power: The First Public Declaration of the Hidden Transcript”, from Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 202-227

Presentation: Cracks in patriarchal power

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Silvey, Rachel. 2003. “Spaces of Protest: Gendered Migration, Social Networks, and Labor Activism in West Java, Indonesia.” Political Geography 22(2): 129–55.

For those interested in reading further:

1. Gaventa, John. 2010. “Finding the Spaces for Change”2. Goldstone, Jack and Charles Tilly. 2001. “Threat and Opportunity:

Popular Action and State Response in the Dynamics of Contentious Action.” In Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics, edited by R.R. Aminzade et al. New York, 179-194.

3. Nelson, Lise. 2006. “Geographies of State Power, Protest, and Women's Political Identity Formation in Michoacán, Mexico,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96/2: 366 - 389

Th Sept 20: Threats to survival, violations of social contracts

Required:

1. Borland, Elizabeth and Barbara Sutton. 2007. “Disruption and Women's Activism in Times of Crisis, Argentina 2002-2003” Gender and Society, 21/5, 700 – 722

2. Edelman, Marc. 2005. “Bringing the Moral Economy Back In to the Study of 21st Century Transnational Peasant Movements,” American Anthropologist, 107/3 331 - 345

Presentation: Violating political contractsChristopher Parker, “When Politics Becomes Protest: Black Veterans and Political Activism in the Postwar South” The Journal of Politics, 71/1, 113 - 131

For those interested in reading further:

1. Adas, Michael. 1980. “’Moral Economy’ or ‘Contest State’?: Elite Demands and the Origins of Peasant Protest in Southeast Asia.” Journal of Social History, 13/4 521 - 546

2. Albró, Robert. 2005. “’The Water is Ours, Carajo!’ Deep Citizenship in Bolivia’s Water War,” in June Nash, ed., Social Movements: An Anthropological Reader. Blackwell, 249-271

3. Collins, Jane. 2012. “Theorizing Wisconsin’s 2011 Protests: Community‐based unionism confronts accumulation by dispossession. ” American Ethnologist, 39/1: 6 - 20

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4. Dyer, Christopher and Mark Moberg, 1992. “The 'Moral Economy' of Resistance: Turtle Excluder Devices and Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishermen” Maritime Studies in Anthropology. 5 (1): 18-35.

5. Schneiderman, Sara Beth. “The formation of political consciousness in rural Nepal” Dialectical Anthropology, 33/ 3: 287 - 308

6. Scott, James C. 1976. The Moral Economy of the Peasant. New Haven: Yale U Press.

7. Shah, Saubhagya. 2008 “Revolution and Reaction in the Himalayas,” American Ethnologist 35/3: 481-499

8. Thomassen, Bjorn. 2012. “Notes Toward an Anthropology of Political Revolutions,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 54/3: 679-706

9. Thompson, E. P. 1971. “The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century,” Past & Present, 50: 76 - 136

IV. Challenges of oppositional organizing

T Sept 25: The articulation of resonant frames

Required:

1. Snow, David A. and Robert D. Benford. 1988. “Ideology, Frame Resonance and Participant Mobilization.” In Bert Klandermans et al, eds., From Structure to Action, JAI Press, 197-217.

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2. Melissa Snarr, 2011. “Living Wages: Religious Ideology and Framing for Moral Agency”, in M. Snarr, All You That Labor New York: NYU Press, 37-65

Presentation: Breakdowns in resonance

Robnett, Belinda. 2004. “Emotional Resonance, Social Location, and Strategic Framing,” Sociological Focus 37(3): 195-212

For those interested in reading further

1. Arbona, Juan Manuel. 2008. “Sangre de minero, semilla de guerrillero ’ Histories and Memories in the Organisation and Struggles of the Santiago II Neighbourhood of El Alto, Bolivia.” Bulletin of Latin American Research, 27/1 24

2. Brodkin, Karen and Cynthis Strathmann. 2004. “The Struggle for Hearts and Minds: Organization, Ideology, and Emotion” Labor Studies Journal, 29/3: 1-24.

3. Burman, Anders. “The Strange and the Native: Ritual and activism in the Aymara Quest for decolonization,” Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 15/2

4. Checker, Melissa. 2005. “Long is the Struggle, Hard is the Fight”, in Melissa Checker, Polluted Promises: Environmental Racism and the Search for Justice in a Southern Town. New York: NYU Press, 107-147

5. De la Cadena, Marisol. 2010. “Indigenous cosmopolitics.” Cultural Anthropology, 25/2: 334 – 370.

6. Hess, David. 2007. “Crosscurrents: Social Movements and the Anthropology of Science and Technology. ” American Anthropologist, 109/3: 463 - 472

7. Smith-Nonini, Sandi. 2010. “With God on Everyone’s Side: Truth Telling and Toxic Words among Methodists and Organized Farmworkers in North Carolina.” In Paul Durrenberger and Karaleah Reichert, eds., The Anthropology of Labor Unions. U of Colorodo Press, 55-78

Th Sept 27: Opposition and the problem of collective identity

Required:

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1. Holland, Dorothy et al, 2008. “Social movements and collective identity: a decentered, dialogic view. ” Anthropological Quarterly, 81/1: 95 - 126

2. Stephen, Lynn. 2005. “Gender, Citizenship, and the Politics of Identity.” In June Nash, ed., Social Movements: An Anthropological Reader. Blackwell, 66-77.

Presentation: Collective identity in the disability rights movement

Priestley, Mark 1995 “Commonality and Difference in the Movement: An ‘Association of Blind Asians’ in Leeds”. Disability and Society 10(2):157–169.

For those interested in reading further:

1. French, Jan Hoffmann. 2006. “Buried Alive: Imagining Africa in the Brazilian Northeast” American Ethnologist, 33/3: 340 - 360

2. Glass, Pepper G. 2009. “Unmaking a Movement: Identity Work and the Outcomes of Zapatista Community Centers in Los Angeles”. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 38/5 523-546

3. Norget, Kristin. 2010, “A Cacophony of Autochthony: Representing Indigeneity in Oaxacan Popular Mobilization. ” The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 15/1: 116 - 143

4. Rutten, Rosanne. 2003. “Changing ‘We-Feelings’ in a Period of Revolutionary Mobilization. ” Philippene Studies 51/3:

5. Whyte, Susan Reynolds, and Herbert Muyinda. 2007 “Wheels and New Legs: Mobilization in Uganda” In B. Ingstad and S. R.Whyte, eds, Disability in Local and Global Worlds. 287–310.

T Oct 2: Strategic capacity, social capital, and bridging

Required:

Ganz, Marshall. 2000. “Resources and Resourcefulness: Strategic Capacity in the Unionization of California Agriculture, 1959-1966.” American Journal of Sociology, 105/4: 1003 – 1062.

Presentation: Social capital and religion

Williams, Philip, and Patricia Fortuny Loret de Mola. 2007. “Religion and Social Capital Among Mexican Immigrants in Southwest Florida” Latino Studies 5:233–253.

For those interested in reading further

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Practices of democratic organizing

1. Appadurai, Arjun. 2001. “Deep Democracy: Urban Governmentality and the Horizon of Politics,” Public Culture 14/1: 21 - 47

2. Chance, Kerry. 2011. “Living Politics: Protests and Practices of the Poor in Democratic South Africa.” PhD dissertation in anthropology, University of Chicago.

3. Lazar, Sian. 2006, “El Alto, Ciudad Rebelde: Organizational Bases for Revolt”, Bulletin of Latin American Research 25/2: 183 - 199

4. Lopez, Steven. 2004. “Overcoming Legacies of Business Unionism: Why Grassroots Tactics Succeed,” Kim Voss and Ruth Milkman, eds., Rebuilding Labor: Organizing and Organizers in the New Union Movement. Ithaca: Cornell ILR Press, 114-32

5. Magaña, Maurice. “Analyzing the Meshwork as an Emerging Social Movement Formation” Journal of Contemporary Anthropology 1/1: 72-86

6. Polletta, Francesca. 2002. Freedom is an Endless Meeting. U of Chicago Press.

7. Savage, Lydia. “Justice for Janitors: Scales of Organizing and Representing Workers” Antipode, 38/3: 645 - 666

8. Walsh, Jane. 2012. “A ‘New’ Social Movement: US Labor and the Trends of Social Movement Unionism”.

Practices of activist leadership

1. Binford, Leigh. 2004. “Peasants, Catechists, Revolutionaries: Organic Intellectuals in the Salvadoran Revolution, 1980-1992.” In Laura Santiago, et al, eds. Landscapes of Struggle, Pittsburgh, 105-125.

2. Crehan, Kate. 2002. Gramsci, Culture and Anthropology. Berkeley: U of California Press, 98-164.

3. Holland, Dorothy et al, 2007. “Becoming an Environmental Activist” in Environmental Justice and Environmentalism. Cambridge: MIT Press, 105-134.

4. Kasnitz, Devva. 2001. “Life event histories and the US independent living movement” in Mark Priestly, ed. Disability and the Life Course: Global Perspectives. Cambridge, 67-78.

5. Nepstad, Sharon and Clifford Bob. 2006. “When do leaders matter?” Mobilization

6. Robins, Steven. 2006. “From Rights to Ritual: AIDS Activism in South Africa.” American Anthropologist, 108/2, 312 - 323

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7. Snellinger, Amanda. 2006. “Commitment as an Analytic: Reflections on Nepali Student Activists: Protracted Struggle” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 29,/2, 351 - 364

8. Susser, Ida. 2011. “Organic intellectuals, crossing scales and the emergence of social movements with respect to AIDS in South Africa” American Ethnologist, 38/4: . 733 - 742

9. Warren, Kay. 2001. “Indigenous Activism Across Generations: An Intimate Social History of Antiracism Organizing in Guatemala.” In Dorothy Holland and Jean Lave, eds. History in Person: Enduring Struggles, Contentious Practice, Intimate Identities. Santa fe, 63-92.

Th Oct 4: Gender and oppositional activism

Required:

1. Mills, Mary Beth. 2005. “From Nimble Fingers to Raised Fists: Women and Labor Activism in Globalizing Thailand”. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 31 (1): 117-144.

2. Lynn Stephen, 2010, “Karen Brodkin and the Study of Social Movements: Lessons for the Social Movement of Oaxaca, Mexico” Critique of Anthropology, 30/1: 63 - 89

Presentation: “Motherhood” as a resource for activism

De Alwis, M. 1998. “Motherhood as a space of protest: Women’s political participation in contemporary Sri Lanka”. In P. Jeffery, & A. Basu (Eds.), Appropriating gender: Women’s activism and politicized religion in South Asia, 185–202

For those interested in reading further:

1. Brodkin, Karen. 2007. Making Democracy Matter: Identity and Activism in Los Angeles. Rutgers U Press

2. Fernandes, Sujatha. 2007. “Barrio Women and Popular Politics in Chávez's Venezuela.” Latin American Politics and Society 49/3: 97 - 127

3. Louie, Mirian Ching Yoon. 2001 Sweatshop Warriors: Immigrant Women Workesr Take on the Global Factory. South End Press.

4. Nagar, Richta et al. 2006. Playing with Fire: Feminist Thought and Activism through Seven Lives in India Minneapolis: U of Minnesota Press.

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5. Perry, Keisha Khan. 2009. “’If We Didn't Have Water’: Black Women's Struggle for Urban Land Rights in Brazil” Environmental Justice. 2/1: 9-14.

6. Savage, Lydia. 2010. “Small Places, Close to Home: The Importance of Place in Organizing Workers.” In E. Paul Durrenberger and Karaleah S. Reichart, eds. The Anthropology of Labor Unions. University Press of Colorado, 131-156.

T Oct 9: Expressive culture in oppositional activism

Required:

1. Garlough, Christine. 2008. “The Risks of Acknowledgment: Performing the Sex-Selection Identification and Abortion Debate.” Women's Studies in Communication, 31/3: 368 – 394

2. Hewamanne, Sandya. 2011. “Collaborative Scriptwriting: Street Drama and Applied Anthropology among Sri Lanka's Free Trade Zone (FTZ) Workers.” Practicing Anthropology 33/1: 23-27.

Presentation: Theorizing the activist potential of documentary filmmaking

Heinegardner, Livia. 2009. “Action, Organization, and Documentary Film: Beyond a Communications Model of Human Rights Videos” Visual Anthropology Review 25/2: 172-185

For those interested in reading further:

1. Broyles-Gonzalez, Yolanda. 1994. El Teatro Campesino: theater in the Chicano movement. Austin: U of Texas.

2. Burdick, John. 2009. ‘The Singing Voice and Racial Politics on the Brazilian Evangelical Music Scene.” Latin American Music Review, 30/1: 25 – 55.

3. Cohen-Cruz, Jan. 2010. Engaging Performance: Theater as Call and Response. New York: Routledge.

4. Fabre, Geneviève. 1983. “The Free Southern Theatre, 1963-1979” Black American Literature Forum, 17/2: 55 - 59

5. Garlough, Christine Lynn. 2008. “On the Political Uses of Folklore: Performance and Grassroots Feminist Activism in India.” The Journal of American Folklore, 121/480: 167 – 191.

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6. Rosenthal, Rob and Richard Flacks, 2011. “Conversion and Commitment”, “Mobilization”, and “How Musicking Harms Movements,” from Rob Rosenthal and Richard Flacks, Playing for Change: Music and Musicians in the Service of Social Movements. Paradigm, 157-196

7. Somers, John. 2008. “Interactive theater: Drama as social intervention.” Music and Arts in Action 1/1: 61 - 86

8. Street, John, et al. 2008. “Playing to the Crowd: The Role of Music and Musicians in Political Participation” The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 10/2: 269 – 285

V. Pressuring power: repertoires of contentious action

Th Oct 11: The power of tactical non-violence

Required:

Sharp, Gene and Paulson. 2004. Waging Nonviolent Struggle, 13-65; 359-430

Presentation: The symbolic meanings of tactics

Polletta, Francesca. 2006. “Strategy as Metonymy.” In Francesca Polletta, It Was Like a Fever: Storytelling in Protest and Politics. Chicago U Press, 53-81

For those interested in reading further

1. Chenoweth, Erica et al, “Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict.” International Security, 33/ 1: 7 - 44

2. Nepstad, Sharon. 2011 Nonviolent Revolutions: Civil Resistance in the Late 20th Century. Oxford.

3. Schock, Kurt. 2004. Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies. Minneapolis.

T Oct 16: Claiming and resignifying space

Required:

1. Wilton, Robert and Cynthia Cranford, 2002. “Toward an Understanding of the Spatiality of Social Movements: Labor

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Organizing at a Private University in Los Angeles” Social Problems, 49/3: 374 - 394

2. Mills, Mary Beth 2008. “Claiming Space: Navigating Landscapes Of Power And Citizenship In Thai Labor Activism”, Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development 37/1

Presentation: The politics of territorial claims

Thomas Pearson, 2012. “Transgenic-free territories in Costa Rica: Networks, place, and the politics of life” American Ethnologist, 39/1: 90 – 105

For those interested in reading further:

1. Bogad, L. M. 2006. “Tactical carnival: Social movements, demonstrations, and dialogical performance” in A Boal Companion eds. Jan Cohen-Cruz and Mady Schutzman. London: Routledge Press: 46-58.

2. Bonilla, Yarimar. 2011, “The Past is Made by Walking: Labor Activism and Historical Production in Postcolonial Guadeloupe” Cultural Anthropology, 26/3: 313 - 339

3. Bosco, Fernando. 2001. “Place, space, networks, and the sustainability of collective action: the Madres de la Plaza de Mayo” Global Networks, ¼: 307 - 329

4. Martin D G 2003 “‘Place-framing’ as place-making: constituting a neighbourhood for organising and activism” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93 730– 50

5. Willow, Anna J. “Conceiving Kakipitatapitmok: The Political Landscape of Anishinaabe Anticlearcutting Activism” American Anthropologist, 113/2: 262 - 276

6. Wright, M. 2005: “The Paradoxes of Protests: The Mujeres de Negro of Northern Mexico," Gender, Place and Culture 12 (3): 277-292.

Th Oct 18: Trangressive bodies: experience, performance, efficacy

Required:1. Sutton, Barbara. 2007. “Poner el Cuerpo: Women's Embodiment and

Political Resistance in Argentina” Latin American Politics and Society, 49/3: 129 – 162.

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2. Deepti, Misri. 2011. “’Are you a man?’Performing Naked Protest in India.” Signs 36/3: 603-625

Presentation: Body rhetoricsDe Lucca, Kevin Michael. 1999. “Unruly Arguments: The Body Rhetoric of Earth First!, Act Up, and Queer Nation” Argumentation and Advocacy 36, 1 (Summer): 9-21.

For those interested in reading further:1. Aretxaga, Begoña. 1997. Shattering Silence: Women, Nationalism,

and Political Subjectivity in Northern Ireland. Princeton, 80-1452. Hohle, Randolphe. 2010. “Politics, Social movements, and the

body”, Sociology Compass 4/1 38-51 3. Juris, Jeffrey. 2008. “Performing Politics: Image, embodiment, and

affective solidarity during anti-corporate globalization protests”Ethnography, 9/1: 61 - 97

4. Klawiter, Maren. 1999. “Racing for the Cure, Walking Women, and Toxic Touring: Mapping Cultures of Action within the Bay Area Terrain of Breast Cancer,” Social Problems 46/1: 104 – 126

5. Parkins, Wendy. 2000. “Protesting Like a Girl: Embodiment, Dissent and Feminist Agency.” Feminist Theory 1/1: 59 - 78

6. Laware, Margaret L. 2004. Circling the Missiles and Staining Them Red: Feminist Rhetorical Invention and Strategies of Resistance at the Women's Peace Camp at Greenham Common. NWSA Journal 16, 3: 18-41.

7. Sasson-Levy, Orna, and Tamar Rapoport. 2003. “Body, Gender, and Knowledge in Protest Movements: The Israeli Case”. Gender and Society 17, 3: 379-403.

8. Sweeney, G. 1993. “Irish hunger strikes and the cult of self-sacrifice”. Journal of Contemporary History, 28, 421–437

T Oct 23: Meanings of political violence

Required:

1. Wood, “Elizabeth Jean. 2001. “The Emotional Benefits of Insurgency in El Salvador” in James Jasper, et al, eds. Passionate Politics: Emotions in Social Movements. Chicago U Press, 267-281

2. Dirks, Annelike. 2007. “Between Threat and Reality: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Emergence of Armed Self-Defense in Clarksdale and Natchez, Mississippi, 1960-1965” Journal for the Study of Radicalism 1/1: 71-98

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Presentation: Gender and violent political action on the right

Sen, Atreyee. 2006. “Reflecting on Resistance: Hindu Women 'Soldiers' and the Birth of Female Militancy.” Indian Journal of Gender Studies 13/1: 1 - 35

For those interested in reading further:

1. Bruhn, Kathleen. 1999. “Antonio Gramsci and the Palabra Verdadera: Political Discourse of Mexico’s Guerilla Forces.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 41/2: 29 - 55

2. Bosi, Lorenzo and Marco Giugni. 2012. “The Study of the Consequences of Armed Groups,” Mobilization 17/1: 85-98

3. Einwohner, Rachel L. and Thomas V. Maher, “Threat Assessment and Collective Action Emergence: Death camp and Ghetto Resistance During the Holocaust.” Mobilization 16/2: 127-146.

4. Fabricant, Nicole. 2009. “Performative politics: the Camba countermovement in eastern Bolivia,” American Ethnologist, 36/4: 768 - 783

5. Hill, Lance. 2004. The Deacons for Defense: Armed Resistance and the Civil Rights Movement. UNC Press.

6. Maddox, Richard. 1995. “Revolutionary anticlericalism and hegemonic processes in an Andalusian town, August 1936,” American Ethnologist. 22/1: 125-143.

7. Peterson, Abby. 2001. “The Militant Body and Political Communication: The Medialization of Violence.” In Contemporary Political Protest. Essays on Political Militancy. Aldershot: Ashgate. 69-101.

8. Rutten, Rosann. 2000. “High-cost activism and the worker household: Interests, commitment, and the costs of revolutionary activism in a Philippine plantation region” Theory and Society, 29, 215–252.

9. Seferiades, Seraphim and Hank and Johnston, eds., 2012. Violent Protest, Contentious Politics, and the Neoliberal State. Ashgate.

10. Sen, Atreyee Sen. 2007. Shiv Sena Women: Violence and Communalism in a Bombay Slum. Indiana U Press.

11. Strain, Christopher. 2005. Pure Fire: Self-Defense as Activism in the Civil Rights Era. University of Georgia Press.

Th Oct 25: The uses of digital media

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Required:

1. Gladwell, M. 2010. “Small change: Why the revolution will not be tweeted”. The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/10/04/101004fa_fact_gladwell

2. Wasserman, Herman. 2011 “Mobile Phones, Popular Media, and Everyday African Democracy: Transmissions and Transgressions” Popular Communication, 9/2: 146

3. __________________. 2007. “Is a New Worldwide Web Possible? An Explorative Comparison of the Use of ICTs by Two South African Social Movements” African Studies Review, 50/1: 109 – 131.

Presentation: The limits of digital activism in Philadelphia

Berger, Dan et al. 2011. “Communications networks, movements and the neoliberal city” Transforming Anthropology 19/2: 187 - 201

For those interested in reading further:

1. Bosch, Tanya. 2005. “Community radio in post-apartheid South Africa: The case of Bush Radio in Cape Town” Transformations 10 Access: http://www.transformationsjournal.org/journal/issue_10/article_05.shtml

2. Checker, Melissa. 2005. “Treading Murky Waters,” in Melissa Checker and Maggie Fishman, eds. Local Actions: Cultural Activism, Power, and Public Life in America. NY: Columbia U Press, 27-50

3. Friedman, Elizabeth Jay. 2005. “The politics of information and communication technology use among Latin American gender equality organizations.” Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 18/2: 30 - 40

4. Eltantawy, Nahed and Julie Wiest. 2011. “Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobilization Theory” International Journal of Communication 5: 1207–1224

5. Fernandes, Sujatha. 2010. “Barrio-based Media and Communications”, in Sujatha Fernandes, Who can Stop the Drums? Urban Social Movements in Chavez’s Venezuela. Duke U Press, 160-211

6. Ghonim, Wael. 2012. Revolution 2.0. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

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7. Juris, Jeffrey. 2012. “Reflections on #Occupy Everywhere: Social media, public space, and emerging logics of aggregation”, American Ethnologist, 39/2: 259 - 279

8. Lim, Merlyna. 2012. “Clicks, Cabs, and Coffee Houses: Social Media and Oppositional Movements in Egypt, 2004–2011.” Journal of Communication. 62/2: 232-248

9. Mattoni, Alice. 2012, “Beyond Celebration: Toward a More Nuanced Assessment of Facebook’s Role in Occupy Wall Street” Cultural Anthropology

10. Rogers, Jennifer, “Radio and Collective Identity in the 2006 Oaxaca Uprising

11. Sullivan, John. 2011. “Free Open Source Software Advocacy as a Social Movement Discourse in the 21st century,” Journal of Information Technology and Politics 8/3: 223-239

T Oct 30: Challenges of transnational activism

Required:

1. Merry, Sally Engle. 2006. “Transnational Human Rights and Local Activism: Mapping the Middle” American Anthropologist, 108/1: 38 - 51

2. Alonso, Angela. 2009. “Hybrid Activism: Paths of Globalization in the Brazilian Environmental Movement” Institute of Development Studies Research paper.

Presentation: The limits of transnational solidarity

Gill, Lesley. 2009. “The limits of solidarity: Labor and transnational organizing against Coca-Cola” American Ethnologist 36/4: 667-680.

For those interested in reading further:

1. Adelman, Madelaine. 2008. “The ‘Culture’ of the Global Anti–Gender Violence Social Movement” American Anthropologist 110/4: 511-514

2. Andrews, Abigail. 2011. “How Activists ‘Take Zapatismo Home’: South to North Dynamics in Transnational Social Movements”, Latin American Perspectives 38/1: 138 - 152

3. Featherstone, David. 2005. “Towards the relational construction of militant particularisms: or why the geographies of past struggles matter for resistance to neo-liberal globalization” Antipode, 37, 250-271

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4. Fitz-Henry, Erin. “Distant allies, proximate enemies: Rethinking the scales of the antibase movement in Ecuador ,” American Ethnologist, 38/2: 323 - 337

5. Keck, Margaret and Katherine Sikkink. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell U Press.

6. Lambert, Rob and Michael Gillin. 2010. “Working Space and the New Labour Internationalism” in Handbook of employment and society : working space 398-420

7. Routledge, Paul. 2003. “Convergence space: Process geographies of grassroots globalization networks”Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 28:333-49.

8. Sarabia, Heidy. 2011. “Organizing “Below and to the Left”: Differences in the Citizenship and Transnational Practices of Two Zapatista Groups”. Sociological Forum, 26/2: 356 - 380

9. Sundberg, J. 2007. “Reconfiguring North–South Solidarity: Critical Reflections on Experiences of Transnational Resistance” Antipode 39, 144–166.

10.Tsing, Anna. 2005. Friction: An ethnography of Global Connection, Princeton, 245-268

VI. Creating change

Th Nov 1: Sedimenting new forms of consciousness

Required:

1. Nelson, Lise. 2003. “Decentering the movement: collective action, place, and the 'sedimentation' of radical political discourses.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 21/5: 559 - 581

2. Klawiter, Maren. 2004. “Breast cancer in two regimes: the impact of social movements on illness experience” Sociology of Health & Illness, 26/6: 845 - 874

Presentation: Direct democracy’s impact on consciousness

Rasza, Maple and Andrej Kurnik, 2012. “The Occupy Movement in Žižek's hometown: Direct democracy and a politics of becoming” American Ethnologist, 39/2: 238 - 258

For those interested in reading further:

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1. Crossley, Nick. 2003. “From reproduction to transformation: Social movement fields and the radical habitus” Theory, Culture & Society, 20, 43–68.

2. Robins, Steve. 2009. “Humanitarian aid beyond “bare survival”: Social movement responses to xenophobic violence in South Africa” American Ethnologist, 36/4: 637

3. Holland, Dorothy and Debra Skinner, 2001. “From Women’s Suffering to Woen’s Politics: Re-imagining Women after Nepal’s 1990 Pro-Democracy Movement.” In Dorothy Holland and Jean Lave, eds. History in Person. Santa Fe, 93-135.

T Nov 6: Changing the behavior of capital

Required:

Husebo, Michael. 2011. “Labor Agency beyond the Union: The Coalition of Immokalee Workers and Faith-Based Community Organizations”, Geosciences Theses. Paper 34. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/34: 1-80

Presentation: Pressure on commodity chains

Schurman, Rachel and William Munro. 2009. “Targeting Capital: A Cultural Economy Approach to Understanding the Efficacy of Two Anti–Genetic Engineering Movements.” American Journal of Sociology, 115/1: 155-202.

For those interested in reading further:

Jimenez, Eric et al.2011. “Food crises, food regimes and food movements: rumblings of reform or tides of transformation?” The Journal of peasant studies, 38/1: 109 - 144

Th Nov 8: Creating alternative knowledges and institutions

Required:

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1. Casas-Cortes, M.I., Osterweil, M., and Powell, D.E., 2008. “Blurring boundaries: recognizing knowledge-practices in the study of social movements”, Anthropological Quarterly, 81/1: 17–58.

Choose between:2. Brown, Phil et al, 2006. “A Lab of Our Own: Environmental Causation of

Breast Cancer and Challenges to the Dominant Epidemiological Paradigm”, Science, Technology, & Human Values, 31/5: 499 - 536

3. Elwood, S. 2006 “Beyond Cooptation or Resistance: Urban Spatial Politics, Community Organizations, and GIS-Based Spatial Narratives. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 96, 323–341.

Presentation: The formation of durable collectives

Cornwell, Jannelle. 2012. “Worker Co-operatives and Spaces of Possibility: An Investigation of Subject Space at Collective Copies” Antipode, 44/3: 725 - 744

For those interested in reading further:

1. Aparicio, Juan Ricardo and Mario Blaser, “The "Lettered City" and the Insurrection of Subjugated Knowledges in Latin America” Anthropological Quarterly, 81/1: 59 - 94

2. Brown, Phil. 2007. Toxic Exposures: Contested Illnesses and the Environmental Health Movement. New York: Columbia University Press.

3. Chatterton, Paul. 2005. “Making Autonomous Geographies: Argentina’s popular uprising and the ‘Movimiento de Trabajadores Desocupados’ (Unemployed Workers Movement).” Geoforum 36:545–561.

4. Elwood, S. 2006. “Negotiating Knowledge Production: The Everyday Inclusions, Exclusions, and Contradictions of Participatory GIS Research”. The Professional Geographer, 58, 197–208.

5. Glass, Pepper G. 2010. “Everyday Routines in Free Spaces: Explaining the Persistence of The Zapatistas in Los Angeles’. Mobilization. 15/2

6. Holder, J. B. and T. Flessas. 2008. "Emerging commons." Social & Legal Studies 17:299-310.

7. Selmeczi, Anna. 2012. “We are the people who do not count”: Thinking the disruption of the biopolitics of abandonment”, PhD dissertation, Central European University

8. Stahler-Sholk, Richard. 2007. “Resisting Neoliberal Homogenization: The Zapatista Autonomy Movement.” Latin American Perspectives 34(3):48–63.

9. Williams, Gwyn. 2008. "Cultivating autonomy: power, resistance and the French alterglobalization movement." Critique of Anthropology 28:63-86.

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T Nov 13: Influencing state action: carving out a space of survivability

Required:1. Wolford, Wendy. 2010 “Participatory democracy by default: land

reform, social movements and the state in Brazil.” Journal of Peasant Studies, 37/1: 91 - 109

2. Abers, R.N. and M.E. Keck. 2009. “Mobilizing the state: the erratic partner in Brazil’s participatory water policy” Politics and Society, 37(2), 289–314

Presentation: New modes of citizenship

Earle, Lucy. 2012, “From Insurgent to Transgressive Citizenship: Housing, social movements and the politics of rights in Sao Paulo” Journal of Latin American Studies, 44/1: 97

For those interested in reading further:

Bryant, J. 2008. ‘Towards Delivery and Dignity: Community Struggle from Kennedy Road”. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 43/1: 41–61

Avritzer, L. 2008. “Democratization and citizenship in Latin America: the emergence of institutional forms of participation” Latin American Research Review, 43/2: 282–9.

Thursday, Nov 15: Grander ambitions toward the state

Required:

1. Martin, James. 1998. Gramsci’s Political Analysis, St Martin’s: 65-1382. Harris, J. 2007. "Bolivia and Venezuela: the democratic dialectic in new

revolutionary movements." Race & Class 49:1-24.3. Thomas, David P. 2012. “Multiple layers of hegemony: post-apartheid

South Africa and the South African Communist Party (SACP)” Canadian Journal of African Studies/La Revue canadienne des études africaines 46/1: 109-127

T Nov 27: Taking sides

Required:

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1. Khasnabish, Alex and Max Haiven. 2012. “Convoking the Radical Imagination: Social Movement Research, Dialogic Methodologies, and Scholarly Vocations”Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 20/10: 1-14

2. Heyman, Josiah et al, 2009. “Engaging with the Immigrant Human Rights Movement” NAPA Bulletin 31/1

3. Holland, Dorothy, Dana Powell, Geni Eng, and Georgina Drew. 2010. “Models of engaged scholarship: An interdisciplinary group's examination of choices, actions, methods, and strategies for engaged scholarship at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.” Collaborative Anthropologies 3: 1-36

For those interested in reading further:

Armbruster, Heidi and Anna Laerke, 2010. Taking Sides: Ethics, Politics, and Fieldwork in Anthropology. Bergahn Books.

Th Nov 29: Presentations

T Dec 4: Presentations

Th Dec 6: Presentations

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