future of intelligent transportation cio roundtable 080214
DESCRIPTION
Smart Traffic ControlsTRANSCRIPT
Future of Intelligent Transportation
Keith Golden
OC CIO Roundtable
August 14th 2014
Note: views expressed herein are mine alone and may not represent my employer
Today’s Presentation
A brief look into the future of intelligent transportation
Outside our usual IT-centric approach
But open-ended as always…
Key Traffic Mgmt Milestones
1868 – Manually operated intersection signals
1914 – First red/green electric signal
1921—First red/yellow/green signal
1922 – First electromechanical intersection controllers (timers)
1950 – Widespread use of pressure plates for vehicle detection
1960s – First large-scale traffic management systems (city-wide, mainframe)
1974 – First microprocessor-based intersection controller
1970s – Widespread use of inductive loops for vehicle detection
1980s – First PC-based traffic management system
1990s – Widespread use of cameras for vehicle detection
Consider the Humble Intersection…
Intersection Signal Infrastructure
Traffic & Ped Signals
Vehicle Detection (cameras, inductive loops)
Controller & Cabinet
Network Connection
Traffic Management System/Traffic Control Center
How Does Signal Coordination Work Today?
Platooning, “Green Bands”, Optimization
Northbound & Southbound Demo
Demos from: http://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/Travel-and-transport/Road-and-traffic-info/Traffic-Signals-Information.aspx
Nor
thbo
und
Dem
o
Sout
hbou
ndD
emo
Intersection FAQs
How long are yellow and red clearance intervals set?
Yellow Light: 3 -6 seconds – higher speeds, more time
All Red: 0.5 to 3 seconds – higher speeds, less time
How does emergency vehicle preemption work?
Can flashing my high beams change a traffic light?
Can a traffic signal go “all green” like in the movies?
Conflict Monitors
Sidebar – Mobile & Web Traffic Reporting
Where does traffic data originate?
Crowdsourced Phone Data
GPS location
Calculated speed
Historical Data
Individual User Reports (Waze)
Road Sensors (DOTs, cities)
The Future…
The Future, Now
Motivation
Vehicle Assist
Connected Vehicle Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)
Autonomous Vehicles
Motivation
NHTSA reports that some 33,000 people are killed and 2.3 million injured on American roads each year
We are moving from an era of engineering for collision survival to one of engineering for collision avoidance
Vehicle Assist/Advanced Driver Assistance(Features & Functions Available Now)
GPS Navigation
Adaptive Cruise Control
Lane Departure Warning System
Collision Prep System/Collision Avoidance System/Automatic Braking
Automatic parking
Blind spot detection
Night Vision
Driver drowsiness detection
Many others…
Automatic Braking example (IIHS):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ih2qTiqBhdA
Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) V2V is a rapidly moving “connected vehicle” effort
V2V communications will use short-range 5.9 GHz band with vehicles within 300 meters (802.11p)
Position & Speed data 10 times/second
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)
All cars sold in US to include V2V capability by 2017
Initially “driver assist” focus—i.e., informational messaging
Favorable incremental cost structure – build out via small “tax” on each new car sold
Primary Uses
Safety/Accident Prevention
Vehicle Routing/Traffic Optimization
Tracking???
V2V Overview:
http://www.voanews.com/content/vehicles-may-soon-be-talking-to-each-other-/1886895.html
Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)
More ambitious of the “connected vehicle” efforts
May also utilize V2V 5.9 Ghz radios
Draft comm tech specs have been circulated
Significant incremental cost structure – requires significant governmental spending
Opens door to a wide range of possibilities over long term
Safety/Accident Prevention
Wide area traffic routing
Traffic flow/road usage optimization
Vastly improved fuel utilization
Speed monitoring
Crime interdiction
Will it ultimately become impossible to “go off the grid” by car?
V2I Example:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykYRQIQSy2M
V2V
Rese
arch
Autonomous Vehicles Autonomy Defined
Level 0: Driver has complete control.
Level 1: Some vehicle controls are automated, i.e., automatic braking
Level 2: 2 or more controls automated simultaneously
Level 3: The driver can give up control at certain times
Level 4: The driver is not expected to control the vehicle at any time
Predictions are sanguine
GM, Mercedes, Audi, Nissan, BMW and Renault plan to market level 3 vehicles by 2020 – Nissan now backing away, btw.
Mercedes and Ford expect generally-available level 4 vehicles by 2025
IHS Automotive believes most passenger cars will be level 4 vehicles by 2035
Though real obstacles remain
Legal/Ethical – Brave new world of legal & ethical issues—how to choose? “Ethical Crashing Algorithms”
Technological – Significant technological hurdles remain, current predictions appear optimistic
Final Word “It’s hard to convey to the public how hard this is” – Dr. John Leonard, MIT
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/529466/urban-jungle-a-tough-challenge-for-googles-autonomous-cars/
Google Driverless Car Example:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqSDWoAhvLU
Outro Sidebar—What should the driverless car do when facing a “police officer” in the roadway?
Q & A