functional training for development functional anatomy€¦ · tensegrity the functional goal 12....
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GFunctional Training for Development
Functional AnatomyK
urt
Titte
l: M
uscle
Slin
gs in
Sport
C. Veeramani
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Movement Sequential Structure & Principles of Mechanics
Preparation
Phase
Main
Phase
Final
Phase
principle of initial strength
principle of the optimal acceleration path
principle of impulse-causing momentum (coordination of individual impulses /
linked impulses)
principle of the stretch-shorten cycle(action-
reaction)principle of conservation of
momentum
principle of go and stop(accelerating to blocking)
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Functional Anatomy Definition(Flinn & DeMott,2014)
• Study of anatomy in its relation to function
• Assess muscle adaptations
• The natural tone and potential force of a specific muscle.
• Understand how synergistic muscles and peripheral nerves areperforming.
• A large kinetic chain of muscles contracting and relaxing to flex, extendand rotate joints.
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Flinn, S. R., & DeMott, L. (2014). Functional anatomy. Fundamentals of Hand Therapy-E-Book: Clinical Reasoning and Treatment Guidelines for Common Diagnoses of the Upper Extremity, 15.
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The Anatomy of Stability
Anterior view Posterior view
Central Control Zone: The Trunk
Lower Control Zone: The Pelvis
Upper Control Zone: The Shoulder Girdle
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Movement symmetry
Functional mobility
Neuromuscular control
Optimal functional
motor pattern
Balance
Posture
Pillar of Functional Stability
Stability, Sport, and Performance Movement : J.Elphinston .
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Optimal Performance vs High Level Compensation
Ability to compensate > physical/functional loading Trainable system is intact
Physical/functional loading > Ability to compensate Trainable system is impaired(injury/plateau)
“ The human being has a particularly deep attachment to his movement habits since he created them himself” (R.Alon,1996)
In coaching language : movement dysfunction = poor techniques
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What causes Movement Dysfunction?
Primary loss of
stability
Poor postural awareness
Timing
Poor balance
Poor understandingof the movement
required
Poor coordination movement patterning
Poor training designFunctional Rigidity
Insufficient control of momentum
Loss of range of motion
Stress
Structural instability
Functional instability
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The Functional Anatomy
The Anterior ChainThe Posterior Chain
•Global mobilisers
•Movement
•Global stabilisers
• Force production/control through motion
• Local stabilisers
• Joint control (foundations)
Image source-Stability, Sport, and Performance Movement : J.Elphinston .
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Five Kinetic Chain Checkpoints:• Head – Neutral centre of ear in the line of centre of shoulder• Shoulders – Neutral centre of the shoulder in line with centre of hip joint• Hips – Neutral spine with abdominals draw-in• Knees – Straight ahead in line with 2nd and 3rd toes• Feet – Straight ahead with neutral position at the ankle
Influence factors to Functional Kinetic Chain8
Image source - https://acewebcontent.azureedge.net/December2016/MobilityStability.jpg
Anterior view Posterior view
Superior
Inferior
Medial Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Distal
Proximal
Deep
Superficial
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Tonic and Phasic Muscles Characteristics
Image source- https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0761/9521/files/Untitled_2_722b3bc7-b03f-4e67-a2e2-26acf1572f4f_grande.jpg?4357969196566365182
Predominantly Tonic Muscles(Postural)
Predominantly Phasic Muscles
Prone to Hyperactivity Prone to inhibition
Function
Posture/Supportive Movement/Active
Susceptibility to Fatigue
Late(red) Early(white)
Dysfunction(Reaction to faulty loading)
Shorten Weaken
Treatment
Stretch/relax Facilitate/strengthen
Shoulder Girdle - Arm
Pectoralis MajorLevator ScapulasTrapezius(upper)
Biceps BrachiiScalenes
SubscapluarisStemocleidomastoids
MasticatoryForearm Flexors
RhomboidsTrapezius(middle)Trapezius(lower)Trcieps Brachii
Deep Neck FlexorsForearm Extensors
SupraspinatusInfraspinatus
Serratus LateralisDeltoid
Trunk
Lumbar and Cervical Erectors
Quadratus Lumborum
Thoracic ErectorsRectus Abdominis
Pelvis - Thigh
HamstringsIliopsoas
Rectus FemorisThigh Adductors
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Vastus LateralisVastus MedialisGluteal Muscles
Lower Leg - Foot
GastrocnemiusSoleus
Anterior TibialisPeroneals
Extensors of the toes
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Image source - https://thehealthyexec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/upper-and-lower-crossed-syndrome1.png
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The Muscle Function Test
Predominantly Tonic Muscles(Postural)
Predominantly Phasic Muscles
Prone to Hyperactivity Prone to inhibition
Function
Posture/Supportive Movement/Active
Susceptibility to Fatigue
Late(red) Early(white)
Dysfunction(Reaction to faulty loading)
Shorten Weaken
Treatment
Stretch/relax Facilitate/strengthen
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The Myofascial Subsystems or Slings10
• Comprised of the external oblique and contra-lateral adductors
• Compresses pelvic girdle, securing the symphysis pubis
• Dysfunction: delay in abductor & adductor strength
• Assess dysfunction: Hip twist, Adductor lift
• Provide force closure sacroiliac joints
• Comprised of the latissimus Dorsi, the contra-lateral gluteus maximus muscles & the posterior layer of the thoracolumbarfasica
• Dysfunction: Delay in gluteal activation which may cause SIJ laxity(looseness).
• Assess dysfunction: using swimming
Image source:Mooney, V., & Stoeckart, R. (2007). Movement Stability and Lumbopelvic Pain.
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The Myofascial Subsystems or Slings11
• Provide gluteal & hamstring balance
• Comprised of the erector Spinae muscle group, thoracolumbar fasica, sacrotuerous ligament,longdorsal ligament and the biceps femoris
• Dysfunction: overactive hamstrings
• Assess dysfunction: using shoulder bridge & one leg stretch
• Glutes and adductors
• Provide pelvic stability in the frontal plane
• Dysfunction: Trendelenburg(eg. right hip drops when left
leg is lifted)
• Assess dysfunction: clam, side kick, hip twist
Image source:Mooney, V., & Stoeckart, R. (2007). Movement Stability and Lumbopelvic Pain.
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Tensegrity
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The Functional Goal
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AE - Aerobic EnduranceAnE - Anaerobic Endurance
SE - Strength Endurance
MS - Maximum Strength SS - Speed Strength
AS - Action Speed
RS - Reaction SpeedC(TP) - Coordination
(Time Pressure)
C(P) - Coordination(Precision)
F - Flexibility
Energy Determined Skills(Conditional)
Motor Skills
Information Orienteered Skills(Coordinative)
Endurance Strength Speed Coordination Flexibility
AE AnE SE MS SS AS RS C(TP) C(P) F
Passive system for energy
transfer
Basic Bio-motor Properties and Interrelationships
Motorische Fahigkeiten (Bos,2001)
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