Summary Chart: Functional Groups and their Properties Type of

Compound

Functional

Group

Example with

Structural Formula & Name

Notes and Properties

Alkane

butane non-polar insoluble in water only LDFs so low melting pt

generally unreactive: substitution and

combustion reactions only

Alkene

cis-2-butene non-polar insoluble in water only LDFs so low melting point

reactive at site of C=C: combustion and

addition reactions (Markovnikovs rule)

Alkyne

2-butyne non-polar insoluble in water only LDFs so low melting point

very reactive at site of C=C: combustion &

addition reactions (Markovnikovs rule)

Aromatic

1,4-dimethyl benzene

non-polar insoluble in water only LDFs so low melting point

slightly reactive: substitution and

combustion reactions only

Alkyl

Halide

2-iodobutane slightly polar slightly soluble in water only LDFs so low melting pt (except F)

generally unreactive: substitution and

combustion reactions only

Ether

1-ethoxy butane

slightly polar slightly soluble in water LDFs & weak dip-dips so low melting pt

generally unreactive: combustion and

hydrolysis reactions to break apart

Aldehyde butanal polar soluble in water LDFs & weak dip-dips so low melting pt

generally unreactive: combustion and

oxidized to form carboxylic acids

Ketone

butanone polar soluble in water LDFs & weak dip-dips so low melting pt

generally unreactive: combustion

Ester

propylbutanoate polar soluble in water LDFs & dip-dips so low melting pt

generally unreactive: combustion and

hydrolysis reactions to break apart

Primary

Amine

1-butanamine polar soluble in water LDFs, dip-dips and H-bond so high mp

reactive: substitution and form amides with

carboxylic acids (peptide bonds)

Alcohol

2-butanol polar soluble in water LDFs, dip-dips and H-bond so high mp

very reactive: substitution, combustion,

oxidation, elimination, esterification &

formation of ethers Carboxylic

Acid

butanoic acid extremely polar soluble in water LDFs, dip-dips and H-bond so high mp

very reactive: esterification & form amides