• French and Indian War Timeline • 1753•  • French troops from Canada march south; seize and fortify the Ohio Valley.

Britain protests the invasion and claims Ohio for itself. •  • 1754•  • Ensign de Jumonville and a third of his escort is killed by a British patrol

led by George Washington. In retaliation the French and the Indians defeat the British at Fort Necessity. Washington surrenders after losing one-third of his force.

•  • 1755•  • The British implement a plan to defeat the French. Moncton successfully

captures Fort Beausejour, Major General Edward Braddock troops are defeated in the Battle of the Monongahela, and William Johnson’s troops stop the French advance at Lake George.

•  

• 1756•  • The Seven Years' War begins as Great Britain declares war on

France expanding the North American conflict to Europe, Africa, Asia and South America.

•  • 1757•  • The French led by Montcalm capture Fort William Henry.

Following the surrender, Montcalm’s actions angers his Indian allies who capture or kill hundreds of unarmed British.

•  • 1758•  • William Pitt implements cooperative policies toward colonial

legislatures to receive more colonial support for the war, the Treaty of Easton is signed with the Six Nations, and the British take control of the Forks of the Ohio.

• 1759•  • French surrender Quebec after a battle outside the city on the Plains of

Abraham. •  • 1760•  • The British capture Montreal ending the conflict in North America. •  • 1763•  • February 10: The Treaty of Paris ends the war between Britain and France. •  • April: Ottawa Chief Pontiac unites many American Indian nations in an

effort to drive British off their land. Colonel Henry Bouquet leads the British army and defeats Native American forces at Bushy Run.

•  • October 7: King George III signs the Proclamation of 1763 reserving land

west of the Allegheny Mountains for Indians. •  

• 1764•  • The British Sugar Act is amended to tax the

American colonies. •  • 1765 •  • April: Sugar Act and the Currency Act protests.

Many colonists refuse to use imported English goods. Many colonists refuse to use imported English goods. Seeds of unrest are sown that will eventually lead to the American Revolution.

•  

Study the map and describe one cause of the French and Indian War?

North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

Causes of War

Population and Economic Push

Combination of each of the FollowingThe Seven Years WarKing William's WarQueen Anne’s WarKing George’s WarThe French and Indian War

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin representatives representatives fromfrom New England, NY, MD, PA New England, NY, MD, PA

A Albany CongressAlbany Congress failed Iroquois failed Iroquois broke off relations with broke off relations with Britain & threatened to Britain & threatened to trade with the French. trade with the French.

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

1754 1754 Albany Plan Albany Plan of Unionof Union

Attack Plan

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

Gen. Edward Braddock Gen. Edward Braddock evict the evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)

A Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,Valley, & Acadia. & Acadia.A Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian by 1500 French and Indian forces.forces.Only Br. Success Only Br. Success expelled expelled

France France from Louisiana. from Louisiana.

CAJUNSCAJUNS

1755 1755 Br. Decides Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. to Eliminate Fr. Presence in No. Presence in No.

Amer.Amer.

1755 1755 Br. Decides Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. to Eliminate Fr. Presence in No. Presence in No.

Amer.Amer.

Braddock’s force is routed and retreats in disarray. During the battle on July 9th Braddock is mortally wounded. Braddock dies and is buried in the middle of

the road he built and the remainder of his army marches over him to hide the

grave from the French and their allies.

Native American tribes Native American tribes exploited both sides! exploited both sides!

Lord Lord LoudouinLoudouin

Marquis Marquis de Montcalmde Montcalm

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

A He understood colonial concerns.He understood colonial concerns.

A He offered them a compromise:He offered them a compromise:

-- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br. >Br. would reimburse col. assemblies would reimburse col. assemblies forfor their costs. their costs. -- Lord Loudoun would be Lord Loudoun would be removed.removed.

RESULTS?RESULTS? Colonial morale Colonial morale increased by 1758. increased by 1758.

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

** By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

Quebec Plains of Abraham

General Wolfe Mortally wounded

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

Before and After

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

1.1. It increased her colonial empire It increased her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s It greatly enlarged England’s debt.debt.

3.3. Britain’s contempt for the Britain’s contempt for the colonials colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary! was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

17631763 Pontiac’s Pontiac’s RebellionRebellion

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

British British ProclamationProclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

Colonials Colonials Paxton Boys Paxton Boys (PA) (PA) The Paxton Boys were a vigilante group The Paxton Boys were a vigilante group that murdered twenty Native Americans in events that murdered twenty Native Americans in events

sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre.sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre.

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!

Br. Gvt. measures to prevent Br. Gvt. measures to prevent smuggling:smuggling:

James Otis’James Otis’ case case

Protection of a citizen’sProtection of a citizen’s private property must private property must bebe held in higher regard held in higher regard than a parliamentary than a parliamentary statute. statute.

A 1761 1761 writs of assistancewrits of assistance

He lost He lost parliamentary parliamentary law and custom had law and custom had equalequalweight.weight.

Rethinking Their Rethinking Their EmpireEmpire

Rethinking Their Rethinking Their EmpireEmpire

1.1. Sugar Act - 1764 Sugar Act - 1764

2.2. Currency Act - 1764 Currency Act - 1764

4.4. Stamp Act - 1765 Stamp Act - 1765

3.3. Quartering Act - 1765 Quartering Act - 1765

George Grenville’s George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765Program, 1763-1765George Grenville’s George Grenville’s

Program, 1763-1765Program, 1763-1765

Real WhigsReal Whigs

Q->Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’sWhat was the extent of Parliament’s authority over the colonies?? authority over the colonies??

Absolute?Absolute? OR OR Limited?Limited?

Q->Q-> How could the colonies give or How could the colonies give or withhold consent for withhold consent for parliamentaryparliamentary legislation when they did not legislation when they did not havehave representation in that body?? representation in that body??

Theories of Theories of RepresentationRepresentation

Theories of Theories of RepresentationRepresentation

Loyal NineLoyal Nine - 1765- 1765

Sons of LibertySons of Liberty – – began in began in NYC:NYC:Samuel Samuel Adams Adams

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress – 1765– 1765 ** Stamp Act ResolvesStamp Act Resolves

Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act – – 17661766

Stamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act CrisisStamp Act Crisis

Costs of Costs of Colonial Colonial

ResistanceResistance

Costs of Costs of Colonial Colonial

ResistanceResistance

17671767 William Pitt, P. M. & Charles William Pitt, P. M. & Charles Townshend, Secretary of Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. the Exchequer.

A Shift from paying taxes for Br. Shift from paying taxes for Br. war war debts & quartering of troops debts & quartering of troops paying col. govt. salaries. paying col. govt. salaries.A He diverted revenue collection He diverted revenue collection from from internal to external trade. internal to external trade.A Tax these imports Tax these imports paper, paint, paper, paint, lead, glass, tea. lead, glass, tea.

A Increase custom officials at Increase custom officials at American ports American ports established a established a Board of Customs in Boston. Board of Customs in Boston.

Townshend Duties Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770Crisis: 1767-1770Townshend Duties Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770Crisis: 1767-1770

1.1. John Dickinson John Dickinson 1768 1768 ** Letters from a Farmer inLetters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania..

2.2. 1768 1768 2 2ndnd non-importation non-importation movement: movement: ** “Daughters of Liberty”“Daughters of Liberty” ** spinning beesspinning bees

3.3. Riots against customs Riots against customs agents:agents: ** John Hancock’s ship, the John Hancock’s ship, the

LibertyLiberty.. ** 4000 British troops sent 4000 British troops sent to Boston. to Boston.

Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend the Townshend

DutiesDuties

Colonial Response to Colonial Response to the Townshend the Townshend

DutiesDuties