Freedom of Information:Freedom of Information:

Implementing to SucceedImplementing to Succeed

In The Long TermIn The Long Term

Andrew EcclestoneOffice of the Ombudsmen

New Zealand

Jakarta - 19 November 2008

“The execution of Laws

is more important than

the making of them”

Thomas Jefferson, May 1789

First question:First question:

What are you trying to

achieve by introducing a

Freedom of Information

Act?

OutcomesOutcomes

• Better services for the public

• Reduction in wasted spending and inefficiency

• Higher quality public administration

• Better record keeping and information management

• Increased public and international confidence in government

Saving Money - BBCSaving Money - BBC

The BBC has saved nearly £5,000 a day by cutting

back on taxi perks for daytime newsreaders, figures

released under the FOI Act show. Presenters including

Natasha Kaplinsky and Sophie Raworth, who are said

to earn more than £200,000 a year, must now pay for

their own transport to and from work. In the 2006/07

financial year, the [BBC] spent £17.7m on taxis and

private hire cars, compared with £19.8m the previous

year.11.05.07 The Daily Star

Benefits - UgandaBenefits - UgandaEducation funding - graft and corruption

• Only 20 per cent of funds sent out from central government were reaching schools, and the median school was receiving nothing.

• Most of the money being captured by corrupt officials in the local agencies managing the funds.

• Parents knew little about this problem, which had continued for years.

• Ugandan government launched a new strategy to combat corruption.

• Published data on monthly transfers of grants to each school district in national newspapers and their local-language editions. Primary schools and district offices were also required to post notices of actual receipts of funds for everyone to see.

• Significantly improved performance of the grant program. Median school now received 82 percent of its entitlement. Proportion of funds lost to corruption fell from 80 percent to just 20 percent.

Record keeping: IrelandRecord keeping: Ireland

• “no evidence that less detailed information…being recorded or…certain information…deliberately omitted.”

• “minutes of management advisory meetings … recorded in greater detail than previously.”

• “In one…case minutes were now being recorded where before…the FOI Act no formal minutes were kept.”

Information Commissioner of Ireland, July 2001

Benefits: IrelandBenefits: Ireland

“One issue raised recurrently by public bodies is that the

processing of FOI requests is a significant resource burden...While

these concerns are understandable, they illustrate a key point: the

tendency of many public bodies to regard FOI as an exclusively

operational matter...To focus on this aspect alone is to lose sight

of...one of the principal benefits of FOI... to uphold the citizen’s

faith in the administrative and democratic process. With this in

mind, the public service should strive towards providing as much

information as possible outside of the FOI Act...release outside of

the Act...can assist the public body through avoiding the formal

time and resource consuming process entailed.”

Information Commissioner of Ireland, June 2002

New Zealand Law CommissionNew Zealand Law Commission

“Since 1982 there has been a

fundamental change in attitudes...

Ministers and officials have learned to

live with much greater openness. The

assumption that policy advice will

eventually be released under the Act

has in our view improved the quality

and transparency of that advice.”

– New Zealand Law Commission, 1997

New Zealand - PurposesNew Zealand - Purposes

a) To increase progressively the availability of official information to the people of New Zealand in order-

(i) To enable their more effective participation in the making and administration of laws and policies; and

(ii) To promote the accountability of Ministers of the Crown and officials, and thereby to enhance respect for the law and to promote the good government of New Zealand

b) To provide for proper access by each person to official information relating to that person

c) To protect official information to the extent consistent with the public interest and the preservation of personal privacy.

Official Information Act, 1982, s.4

Purposes - FinlandPurposes - Finland

Finland1999 Act

to promote openness and good practice in

information management

to provide individuals and corporations with

an opportunity to monitor the exercise of

public authority and use of public resources

to freely form an opinion

to influence the exercise of public authority

to protect their rights and interests. S. 3

Indonesia FOI Act - ObjectivesIndonesia FOI Act - ObjectivesArticle 3

This law is aimed at the following:

a. To secure the right of the citizens to know the plan to make public policies, public policy programs, and the process to make public decisions, as well as the reason of making a public decision.

b. To encourage the participation of the society in the process of making a public policy;

c. To increase the active role of the people in making public policies and to manage the Public Agencies properly;

d. To materialize good governance, ie. transparent, effective and efficient, accountable and responsible.

e. To know the rationale of a public policy that affects the life of the people;

f. To develop sciences and to sharpen the mind of the nation; and/or

g. To enhance the information management and service at Public Agency circles, so as to produce good quality information service.

SecrecySecrecy OpennessOpenness

Culture Change

Second question:Second question:

• How are you going to reach your desired destination?

or

• What strategies and tools do you need to succeed?

VisionVision

Smooth and effective implementation– Senior leadership in each agency– Well trained Information Managers – All staff aware of their FOI responsibilities– Clear procedures and guidelines– Consistency of response across public authorities– Improved records management

Transparency in implementation– Participation by the public and civil society– Greater openness and publication of information

Implementation PlanningImplementation Planning

Development of :

1. Global Implementation Plan with time lines and milestones for Government at large; and

2. Model Action Plan to assist individual authorities with implementation, also with time lines based on the Implementation Plan.

Implementation Implementation Planning StepsPlanning Steps

1. FOI Implementation Steering Committee (FOISC), consisting of a senior member from each Ministry and Portfolio – this high level of Committee Members, approved by Cabinet facilitates Government participation.

2. Implementation Plan with Government-wide target dates and Project Manager to ensure the time lines were met.

3. Baseline Assessments – sent to all Authorities for completion.

4. Model Action Plan - to assist individual authorities with implementation and time lines based.

Implementation Implementation Planning StepsPlanning Steps

5. Implementation Planning Committee created to ensure deadlines within the Implementation Plan are met.

6. Briefings held for all Ministers, Chief Officers, Senior Members of Government – provides a basic understanding and familiarization of FOI.

7. Annual ‘Sunshine Week’ – to educate the public as to their rights under the FOI Law.

8. Information Mangers Network – to facilitate communication between the FOI Unit and IM’s and between all IM’s.

RequestsRequests

andand

proactive publicationproactive publication

Tools for locating informationTools for locating informationheld by governmentheld by government

Australian DPMC file listAustralian DPMC file list

Australian DPMC file listAustralian DPMC file list

NZ - Directory of Official InformationNZ - Directory of Official Information

UK - Information Asset RegisterUK - Information Asset Register

The right to request informationThe right to request informationis critical, but it can be slowis critical, but it can be slow

More than 25% of OIA complaintsMore than 25% of OIA complaintsrelate to delays or extensionsrelate to delays or extensions

Average number of days to Average number of days to complete an OIA investigationcomplete an OIA investigation

Affirmative publicationAffirmative publication

Mexican Federal FOI LawMexican Federal FOI Law

Web portal for access to informationWeb portal for access to information

required to be publishedrequired to be published

Expenses claims - PanamaExpenses claims - Panama

Proactive publicationProactive publication

Department for Education and Department for Education and Skills - Disclosure LogSkills - Disclosure Log

DIA - Gambling Act ReviewDIA - Gambling Act Review

Appropriate Use of ITAppropriate Use of IT

• Records and information management within the public authority

• Systems to enable tracking of requests within each public authority.

• Collating and preparing reports.

• On-line Affirmative and Proactive Publication.

• These are essential to ensure and assess compliance with FOI Legislation.

Challenges

RecordsRecordsManagementManagement

“Without accurate, complete and timely records AND the means of

finding and releasing information, an access regime is bound to fail”

Records are at the heart of any information regime.

Staff need to comply with the lawStaff need to comply with the law

Public ParticipationPublic Participation

• This is one of the key fundamentals in all FOI Legislation.

• There needs to be a process for ensuring the participation of the public in this critical development.

• Ensure the public’s views are obtained so a system that meets their needs is designed.

• Effective implementation is a joint partnership between the holders of information (Government) and applicants (the public).

Public EducationPublic Education

• Whose role? Information Commission, Government, Civil Society?

• Make the Implementation Plan available at all public libraries and on a central FOI website inviting comment from the public.

• Publish the minutes of all FOI Committee meetings on the FOI website.

• Publish a Consultation Paper on the proposed FOI Regulations and invite comments from the public for a 1 month period.

• Grant interviews to the media when requested.

• Organise an Annual Sunshine Week – informative public education events, giveaways, etc.

Lessons to be learntLessons to be learnt

• Need to ensure networking of Information Managers and ensure they act as “Change Agents” within each Ministry/Agency/Department.

• Training must be comprehensive and sustained.• Need the support from the Heads of agencies and other key

individuals in agency, e.g. legal officers.• Must involve the public in implementation activities.• Must address inconsistent Legislation and the need for effective

FOI Regulations.• Need enhanced guidance resources and ensuring sharing of

experiences from other jurisdictions.• IT systems need to be utilized appropriately including addressing

electronic documents.• Must be creative in the dissemination of information to the public

– “information delivery”.

Implementation strategyImplementation strategy

• Increase awareness of Act and need for cultural change

• Audit and adapt your record keeping

• Train your staff - and keep training them!

• Build networks to support officials

• Keep in touch with stakeholders

• Monitoring and review - learning from requests to improve your proactive publication and procedures

• Leadership & ownership

• Resources

Benefits to expectBenefits to expect

Better record keeping and better internal communication

Fewer appeals = saving money Better decision making More informed press Better public understanding of your work

The Act will “help transform the culture of Government from one of secrecy to one of openness….By doing so, public confidence in the processes of government should be raised, and the quality of decision making by the Government enhanced.”

Home Secretary, Jack Straw, 2nd reading FOI Bill, 7/12/99

Better decisionsBetter decisions

“the Act has had a significant impact on the

quality of decision making. It has improved the

public sector’s professionalism and the capacity

of its officers to develop, analyse, and articulate

policy that stands up to scrutiny.”

John Cain, former Premier of Victoria

More informed pressMore informed press

“Currently, all Authority papers are circulated to the Press... The conscientious journalist...will have worked through the papers in search usable items in a process which inevitably imparts to him a great deal of knowledge which he could not come by in any other way...

[this] has led, over the years, to an increasingly well-informed press and a perceptible improvement in its understanding and therefore its treatment of the Authority...any stemming of this flow of knowledge can only result in an ill-informed, suspicious and therefore critical news coverage of all aspects of the Authority’s work…”

Welsh Water Authority, 1984

Fewer appealsFewer appeals

Driving examiners now explain test results

to candidates. As result, letters of enquiry

following tests to the Driving Standards

Agency have fallen by 65%, reducing costs

by £65,000”

Citizens Charter, 1st report, 1992

6 tips6 tips

• Implement as a process of permanent change, not just a project for the next 2 or 3 years. Focus on building systems and support for the long term.

• Will your operation of the Act generate a return on your investment?

• Prioritise operation for new records, not old.

• Senior ownership of implementation and when in force.

• Support junior staff who disclose embarrassing information correctly under the law.

• Pulling teeth or running the tap?

Don’t make it a painful process!Don’t make it a painful process!

Terima kasihTerima kasih

Further advice and readingFurther advice and reading

UK

www.foi.gov.uk

www.informationcommissioner.gov.uk

www.cfoi.org.uk

foia.blogspot.com

NZ

www.ombudsmen.parliament.nz

International

freedominfo.org

www.article19.org

www.humanrightsinitiative.org