forest tree species service forest vn mard 2003

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

FOREST SECTOR SUPPORT PROGRAMME AND PARTNERS

FOREST TREE SPECIES SELECTION FOR PLANTING PROGRAMMES IN VIETNAM

Compiled by:

Le Dinh Kha, Nguyen Xuan Lieu, Nguyen Hoang Nghia, Ha Huy Thinh, Hoang Sy Dong, Nguyen Hong Quan, Vu Van Me

HANOI, NOVEMBER 2003

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

Page

Table of contents

2

Background and justification

3

Method of study

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Part I. Selection criteria and lists of priority species for production forests

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1. Selection criteria of priority species for production forests

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2. Lists of priority species for production forests

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Part II. Selection criteria and lists of priority species for protection forests

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1. Selection criteria of priority species for protection forests

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2. Lists of priority species for protection forests

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Part III. Selection criteria and list of priority species for special-used forests

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1. Selection criteria of priority species for special-used forests

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2. List of priority species for special-used forests

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Part IV. Annexes

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Table 1. List of forest tree species used in tree planting programmes in Vietnam

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Table 2. Site conditions for planting priority species for production forests

29

Table 3. Site conditions for planting priority species for protection forests

35

Table 4a + 4b. Site conditions for planting priority species for special-used forests

45

Part V. Introduction to major important species for planting programmes

59

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FOREST TREE SPECIES SELECTION FOR PLANTING PROGRAMMES IN VIETNAM

BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION

1. Present situation and necessity of selecting species for plantation Together with concentrated plantation forests using investment from donor projects and scattered tree planting progarmmes of the communities, the five million hectare reforestation programme (5MHRP = P.661) was approved by the National Congress and the Government of Vietnam has conducted to implement in the whole country since 1999 and gained some initial optimal results. In process of tree planting programmes' operation, the forestry owners in the provinces are concerned with identification of types and structures of planting species, especially the species that are valuable in some aspects, ecological requirement matching with the site conditions, is prioritized to plant in wide range. According to forest development strategy for period 2001-2010, the forest resources in Vietnam have been classified into 3 categories that should be in concentration: - Production forest - Protection forest - Special - used forest In order to implement the main objectives of the 5MHRP and others, the planting, taking care, enriching forest activities should meet 3 following purposes: 1. For production and people’s living standards: The products processed from

forests should meet various and increasing needs of the society. 2. Ensure that the forest ecological system stable and improve its role in

environment protection. 3. Protect, maintain and enrich the biological diversification of Vietnam forests. In the past plantation programmes, especially in the programme 327, some lists of planting species have been proposed (104 species for Programme 327, 208 species for STRAP, etc.). Those programmes emphasized in using indigenous species for plantation forests and enrichment of natural forests. Presently in implementation process of 5MHRP and other planting programmes, plantation and enriching activities in the proposed objectives are based both on endemic-indigenous species and exotic-fast growing species for protection, production meeting the social various demands. Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development (MARD) made on report on planting structure and plan for forestry development in 9 forestry economic-ecological zones in the whole country for research. Since 2000, Vietnam Tree Seed Project (VTSP/DANIDA) funded by Royal Danish Government through DANIDA has held 6 regional workshops and one national

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seminar on species selection in order to discuss on selection criteria and establish the lists of priority tree species serving for 3 major planting purposes, as: production, protection and special-used forests. Based on the results from those workshops, and seminar, VTSP has proposed the lists of 57 priority species for production forests, 78 priority species for protection forests and 63 priority species for special-used forests. The current proposals of forest tree species for planting programmes, which based on the results of investigation and scientific, practical research, is applied in reforestation programmes over the country gained considerable achievements. However, these proposals are mainly concentrated on selection of indigenous species for specific economic areas. In order to fulfill one of three important functions, the 5MHRP has to establish 3 million hectares of production forests, provide diversified products for the society. Therefore, beside indigenous endemic species in the regions, the planting programmes also use several exotic fast-growing and multi-purpose species. So, it is neccessary to consider to revise, adjust, supplement data and elaborate the lists of tree species used for reforestation programmes, especially, it is important to establish a site-specific selection procedures which permits the ecological matching of species with site conditions. To support the development of forestry sector in Vietnam, 21 International partners have signed the agreements with the forest sector of Vietnam (documented in July, 2003) in the "Forest Sector Support Programme and Partners - FSSP&P". In this programme, the partners have defined 9 priority areas for support. To carry out the FSSP&P successfully, one of the four important tools which can help the foresters in particular and the men who are interested in forestry activities in general, is that we have elaborate the "Forestry Sector Manual". The main objective of "Forestry Sector Manual" is to provide tolls to plan, implement and to monitor projects and activities within the forestry sector of Vietnam. Master list of subject areas of the "Forestry Sector Manual" consists of 37 major issues. Of which, the species selection for planting purposes is considered one of 18 very important issues, because it is prerequisite, affect to the success of planting programmes. So, based on requirements of FSSP&P and REFAS, one working group has been established with the main duty is responsible for selecting of species for planting programmes in Vietnam. 2. Objectives - Collection, revision and elaboration of lists of tree species used in planting

programmes on national level based of available materials collected from the workshops and end-user studies and lists of prioriry species using for individual planting purpose, i.e. production / protection / special-used forests.

- To compile in data-format a list of key ecological data based on key climatic, elevation and, where possible, soil data for a number of selected species in Vietnam which can be entered into the site-specific selection system.

- Up-date basic informations and introduce to major important species used in planting programmes for foresters in the local units.

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3. Outputs - List of tree species used in planting programmes in Vietnam. - Propose priority criteria to choose priority species using for various planting

purposes in Vietnam, i.e. production / protection / special-used forests. - Lists of prioriry species using for individual planting purpose, i.e. production /

protection / special-used forests. - Data-format a list of key ecological data based on key climatic, elevation and,

where possible, soil data for a number of selected species in Vietnam which can be entered into the site-source matching system and used as the guidelines for foresters.

- Introduce the up-date basic informations to major important species used in planting programmes for foresters in the local units.

4. Activities - Collect all the available lists of forest tree species used in planting programmes in

Vietnam, i.e. P.327, PAM, STRAP, P.661, VTSP/DANIDA, WB, KfW, etc. - Collect all the data relating to forest tree species used for domestication,

introduction, species/provenance trials, germplam sources and planting materials movement.

- Gather assessments of the results of trials on species: introduction, species/ provenance trials, species screening, ex-situ conservation plots, etc.

- Draft proposals for end-user studies e.g. questionnaires and interview schedules. - Go through existing priority species lists and group species according to end-use,

national or regional priorities or other criteria. - Base on ecological data of slected species and provenances, establish a site-

specific selection system with various levels of detail, from national to provincial, regional level. Data files indicating elevation and climatically suitable areas for particular species could be taken to MapInfo:

+ Compile ecological data from existing sources such as species distribution maps, research reports, surveys and other reliable sources. + Fill in a data-sheet of key ecological parameters for selected tree species. + Assess optimum range and tolerance level for relevant parameters such as rainfall and temprature.

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METHOD OF STUDY The contents and methodology used to identify forestry planting species and to select priority species for planting activities and forest restoration are summaried as follows: 1. Target group and scopes: - Selected species including species for concentrated plantations and scattered

planting are included. - Species, which have been successfully planted and demonstration models have

been established; or - Species with high potentials (distributed in many regions, high economic and

ecological values). 2. Species name: - Species name is defined in Vietnamese (common name and local name (if any),

scientific name is attached to the author's name. The main reference is "Names of Vietnam Forest Trees", published in 2000 and some exceptions.

- Species name is arranged in alphabet. Less known name or local name are placed in bracket.

- The scientific name attached with its author is the official common name. In specific cases, name of co-authors are placed in the bracket.

- Plant's family is placed according to the scientific name. In specific cases, the plant's family according to Vietnamese name is placed in the bracket.

- Distribution area of indigenous species are recorded in three large regions: North (N), Centre (C) and South (S).

- Exotic species are recorded as (*) in the column Vietnamese name. 3. Group division: a) Species are grouped according to the establishment purposes of

production forests, protection forests and special-used forests. b) Each group is divided into sub-groups according to their main using

purposes for each category of forests: - Species use for production forests: 2 sub-groups:

+ Species supply wood (Raw materials: paper, chip; Mining poles; Furnitures and Construction). + Species supply non-timber products (bark, leaves, resin, oil, fruits, seeds, . . .)

- Species use for protection foresst: 4 sub-groups:

+ Watershed protection, soil erosion prevention + Windbreak, sand dune protection + Wave break, dike protectiion + Landscape, environment

- Species use for special used forests: choice species based on:

+ Threatened level + Endemicity

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+ Representative level for ecological system + Economic value + Scientific value + Regenerative ability + Planting ability

In general, there are three main criteria should pay more attentions when select priority species use for planting programmes, as followings: • Criteria of economy: - Meet the demand of commecial purposes. - High effectiveness of investment. - Large and stable market. • Criteria of environment: - Ecological characteristics of species match local conditions. - Species have high adaptability to wide range of ecological conditions. - Environmental improvement. • Criteria of science and technology: - Good seeds are available, seed sources and propagation methods are known. - Seed handling, planting, tending techniques are known. According to different planting purposes, the priority order is also different. When choose species serving for planting production forests, the priority order is: Economy -Science/Technology-Environment. In the other hand, when choose species serving for planting protection and special-used forests, the priority order is: Environment- Science/Technology-Economy. For exotic species, when define the requirement of planting conditions in Vietnam, it is based on the results of species/provenance/introduction trials, intensive and extensive plantations in recent years in the regions of the country, and refered to the site conditions in original areas. The mentioned works have been done by a Working Group (WG). The group members were short term consultants from Forest Science Insititute of Vietnam (FSIV), Central Forest Seed Company (CFSC), Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (FIPI), Forestry University (FU), Forestry Department (FD), and some other experts, specialized in aspects of Silviculture, Forestry Soil, etc.

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PART I SELECTION CRITERIA AND LISTS OF PRIORITY SPECIES

FOR PRODUCTION FORESTS 1. Selection criteria of priority species for production forests 1.1. Common criteria: - Economic value suitable to the purpose of forestry industry - Ecological characteristics of species match local conditions. - Large and stable market. - Short rotation, produce in short time. - Easy to grow or growing techniques known - Resistibility to diseases/insects, non-toxic for environment. 1.2. Detailed criteria: Production forests are devided into two sub-groups: - Species supply wood - Species supply non-timber products (bark, leaves, resin, oil, fruits, seeds, . . .) 1.2.1. Selection criteria for species supply wood: Main criteria for selecting species which can supply wood is large exploited volume of wood and wood quality in the given time. The major groups of tree species supply wood are: - Industrial raw materials. - Mining pole wood. - Wood for construction and furnitures.

• Species supply raw materials for industries must be fast-growing, annual productivity in the intensive cultivation condition over 15 m3/ha/year.

Raw materials consist of: Paper pulp, chip wood and MDF. + Wood for paper pulp has density more than 0,40 (at moisture content (MC) 12%), effective use more than 47%. + Wood for making chip wood and MDF has density 0,40 - 0,45, easy to work. + Chip wood has fine texture, density 045-0.50, easy to work.

• Species supply mining pole wood must be fast-growing, density more than 0,45, resistance to termites, insects, durable and easy to work. • Woods for construction and furniture: beautiful texture, colours, durable, suitable with the market. Moreover, those species have straight trunks, high and round-shaped boles (over 4m)

1.2.2. Selection criteria for species supply non-timber products: The major groups of tree species which supply non-timber products are: - Bark and products from bark - Leaves and products from leaves - Resin/oil and products from resin/oil - Fruits/seeds and products from fruits/seeds

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The major criterita for selection of species supply non-timber products are as follows: - Species supply bark and products from bark: fast-growing, high bole and

products must be high quality and suitable with market's requirements. - Species supply leaves and products from leaves: fast-growing, large crown and

branches, good ability of budding. - Species supply resin/oil and products from resin/oil: Average growing, high

quality and high productivities. - Species supply fruits/seeds and products from fruits/seeds: high quality, high

productivities, large crown and high ability of budding.

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2. Lists of priority species for production forests

2.1. List of priority species supply wood

Species No. Vietnamese name Scientific name

1. B¹ch ®µn lai E’lite clones 2. B¹ch ®µn caman Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. 3. B¹ch ®µn tere Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. 4. B¹ch ®µn uro Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake 5. DÇu r¸i Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don 6. §−íc ®«i Rhizophora apiculata Blume 7. Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy 8. Huûnh Tarrietia javanica Blume 9. Keo l¸ liÒm Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth. 10 Keo l¸ trµm A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth 11 Keo lai A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth x A. mangium Wild. 12 Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium Wild. 13 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. 14 Phi lao Casuarina equisetifolia Forst & Forst f 15 Sao ®en Hopea odorata Roxb. 16 TÕch Tectona grandis L. 17 Th«ng ba l¸ Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon 18 Th«ng caribª Pinus caribaea Morelet 19 Th«ng m· vÜ Pinus massoniana Lamb. 20 Trµm cõ Melaleuca cajuputi Powell 21 Trµm l¸ dµi Melaleuca leucadendrra (L.) L. 22 Xµ cõ Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. 23 Xoan ta Melia azedarach L.

2.2. List of priority species supply non-timber products


1. Bêi lêi ®á Machilus odoratissima Nees 2. §iÒu Anacardium occidentale L. 3. Håi Illicium verum Hook f. 4. QuÕ Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl. 5. Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries 6. Tr¸m tr¾ng Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch. 7. TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte

2.3. Bamboos

- Luång: Dendrocalanus membranceus Munro

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PART II SELECTION CRITERIA AND LISTS OF PRIORITY SPECIES

FOR PROTECTION FORESTS 1. Selection criteria of priority species for protection forests Protection forests in Vietnam have 3 major categories: Watershed, sea-shores (wind-break, sand dune fixing in sea shores and wave prevention) and environment, landscape, urban and industrial areas protection forests. 1.1. Selection criteria of priority species for watershed protection forests No Criteria 1 Adapt to ecological conditions in water-shed areas and easy to create

protection forests 2 Perennial plant with strong stem and deep root system, dense crown and

evergreen 3 Adapted to planting method of mixing forests with multi-storey stands 4 Tolerate drought, high slope, poor soils, high altitudes or complex

geographical situations and rock mountainous areas. 5 Multipurpose trees, secondary products may have economic value but still

pertain to strong protective ability. 6 No environment pollution

1.2. Selection criteria of priority species for protection forests in sea-shores 1.2.1. Selection criteria of priority species for wind-break, sand dune fixing in sea shores

No Criteria 1 Adapted to poor sand soils in sea shores 2 Strong deep root system, limited evaporative water leaves, dense crown,

evergreen. 3 Tolerate wind, sand movement, drought 4 Perennial hard plant, suitable height. 5 Multipurpose trees, secondary products may have economic value but still

pertain to strong protective ability. 6 No environment pollution, can be used as seaside resorts.

1.2.2. Selection criteria of priority species for wave prevention in sea shores No Criteria 1 Tolerate flooded conditions. 2 Strong deep root system, dense crown, evergreen. 3 Perennial hard stem, tolerate strong wind, storms. 4 Multipurpose trees, provide timber, fire-wood or non-timber products.

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1.3. Selection criteria of priority species for environment, landscape, urban and industrial areas protection forests. No Criteria 1 Adapted to local site conditions and environment, landscape, urban and

industrial areas 2 Perennial plant, tolerate dust, smoke and waste materials from urban areas or

industrial zones. 3 Strong deep root system, beautiful flowers, stem and crown, evergreen. 4 No environment pollution and attraction of harmful insects 5 Ability to prevent, filter dust, smoke and sounds

2. Lists of priority species for protection forests 2.1. List of priority species for water-shed protection forests

Species No. Vietnamese name

Scientific name

1. Bêi lêi nhít Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob. (Litsea sebifera Willd.) 2. C¸ng lß Betula alnoides Buch. Ham.ex D.Don 3. Chß chØ Parashorea chinensis H. Wang 4. Chß n©u Dipterocarpus retusus 5. DÇu r¸i Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don 6. DÎ bép Lithocarpus fissus (Champ.ex Benth.) A. Camus;

Castanopsis fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Rehd & Wils 7. DÎ ®á Lithocarpus ducampii (Hickel et A. Camus) A. Camus 8. §iÒu Anacardium occidentale L. 9. Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy 10 Håi Illicium verum Hook f. 11 Huûnh Tarrietia javanica Blume 12 Keo l¸ trµm A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth 13 Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium Wild. 14 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. 15 Lim xanh Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv. 16 Lim xÑt Pelthophorum dasyrrachis (Miq.) Kurz. var. tonkinensis

(Pierre) K. & S.Larsen 17 Luång Dendrocalanus membranceus Munro 18 Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. 19 QuÕ Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl. 20 Rµng rµng mÝt Ormosia balansae Drake 21 Sa méc Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. 22 Sao ®en Hopea odorata Roxb. 23 Së Camellia oleifera C. Abel.

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24 Th«ng ba l¸ Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon 25 Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries 26 Th«ng m· vÜ Pinus massoniana Lamb. 27 T«ng dï Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. Roem 28 Tèng qu¸n sñ Alnus nepalensis D. Don 29 Tr¸m tr¾ng Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch. 30 TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte 31 Tre gai Bambusa blumeana Schultes 32 Vªn vªn Anisoptera costata Korth. (Anisoptera cochinchinensis

Pierre) 33 Vèi thuèc Schima wallichii var. noronhae (Blume ) Bloemb. 34 Xoµi Mangifera indica L.

2.2. Lists of priority species for sea shores protection forests

2.2.1. List of priority species for wind-break, sand dune fixing in sea shores


1. Dõa Cocos nucifera L. 2. §iÒu Anacardium occidentale L. 3. Keo d©y Acacia dificilis Maiden 4. Keo l¸ liÒm Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth. 5. Keo l¸ trµm Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth 6. Keo Tumi®ª Acacia tumidae S. Muell 7. Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. 8. Phi lao Casuarina equisetifolia Forst & Forst f 9. Tre gai Bambusa blumeana Schultes 10 Xoµi Mangifera indica L. 11 Xoan chÞu h¹n Azedirachta indica Juss.

2.2.2. List of priority species for wave prevention forests


1. BÇn chua Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. 2. Dõa n−íc Nypa fruticans Wurmb. 3. §−íc ®«i Rhizophora apiculata Blume 4. MÊm tr¾ng Avicennia alba Blume 5. Só Aegiceras corniculatum 6. Trµm cõ Melaleuca cajuputi Powell 7. Trµm l¸ dµi Melaleuca leucadendrra (L.) L. 8. Trang Kandelia candel (L.) Druce 9. VÑt dï Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny

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2.3. List of priority species for protection of environment, landscape, urban and industrial areas


1. Bµng Terminalia catappa L. 2. B»ng l¨ng Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz 3. D¸i ngùa Swietenia macrophylla King 4. DÇu r¸i Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don 5. Hoµng lan Michelia champaca 6. Keo l¸ trµm Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth 7. Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium Wild. 8. Long n·o Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl 9. Me Tamarindus indica L. 10 Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. 11 Muång hoa vµng Cassia fistula L. 12 Nhéi Bischofia javanica Blume (Bischofia trifoliata (Roxb.)

Hook.f.) 13 Ph−îngvÜ Denolix regia (Bojer ex Hook,) Raf. 14 Sao ®en Hopea odorata Roxb. 15 SÊu Dracontomelon dupperreanum Pierre 16 S−a Dalbergia tonkinensis 17 S÷a Alstonia scholaris (L.) B. Br. 18 Th«ng ba l¸ Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon 19 Th«ng caribª Pinus caribaea Morelet 20 Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries 21 Th«ng m· vÜ Pinus massoniana Lamb. 22 Trøng c¸ Calophyllium sp. 23 ViÕt Manilkara kauki 24 Xµ cõ Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss.

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PART III SELECTION CRITERIA AND LIST OF PRIORITY SPECIES

FOR SPECIAL-USED FORESTS 1. Selection criteria of priority species for special-used forests 1.1. Method:

Based on given points: The higher the point, the higher the priority level. 1.2. General criteria of priority level: 1.2.1. Endangered or extinct species. 1.2.2. Rare, valuable species for science, economics, environments, lanscape, etc. 1.2.3. Species can be planted in mix with other species and do not show negative

impact to development of ecosystem. 1.2.4. Difficult in natural regeneration and in cultivation. 1.2.5. Endemic species for each eco-region. 1.3. Detailed criteria

Criteria Point

1.3.1. Threatened level: - CR (Critically Endangered) - EN (Endangered) - VU (Vulnerable) - NT (Nearly Threatened) - LC (Low connected)

5 4 3 2 1

1.3.2. Endemicity: - Ecological zone - Country

1 2

1.3.3. Representative level for ecological system: - Country

- Ecological zone

1 2

1.3.4. Scientific value: - High - Average - Low

3 2 1

1.3.5. Economic value:

- High - Average - Low

3 2 1

1.3.6. Regenerative ability:

- Low - Average - High

3 2 1

1.3.7. Planting ability: - High - Average

- Low

3 2 1

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2. List of priority species for special-used forests


1. B¸ch vµng Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & Hiep 2. B¸ch xanh Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz 3. B¹ch tïng Podocarpus imbricatus Blume 4. CÈm lai Bµ RÞa Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain

(Dalbergia bariaensis Pierre, Dalbergia mammosa Pierre)

5. C¨m xe Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Theob. (Xylia dolabriformis Benth.)

6. Chai l¸ cong Shorea falcata Vidal 7. Chß chØ Parashorea chinensis H. Wang 8. Chß ®·i Annamocarya sinensis J. Leroy 9. Chß ®en Parashorea stellata Kurz 10 Chß n©u Dipterocarpus retusus 11 DÇu bao Dipterocarpus baudii Korth 12 DÇu c¸t Dipterocarpus chartaceus Sym 13 DÇu ®ät tÝm Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco 14 DÇu song nµng Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre ex Laness. 15 DÎ tïng säc n©u Amentotaxus hatuyenensis Hiep et Vidal 16 Du sam Keteleeria evelyniana Mast 17 Du sam ®¸ v«i Keteleeria fortunei (Murray) Carriere 18 §inh Markhamia stipulata (Wall) Schum 19 §Ønh tïng Cephalotaxus hainanensis H.L.Li 20 Gi¸ng h−¬ng Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz 21 Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy 22 Gâ ®á (Cµ te) Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib 23 Gâ mËt (Gô mËt) Sindora siamensis Teysm. 24 Gô biÓn Sindora siamensis var maritima 25 Hoµng ®µn Cupressus torulosa D.Don 26 Hoµng ®µn rñ Cupressus funebris Endle 27 Hång quang Rhodoleia championii Hook 28 Hång tïng Dacrydium elatum Wall.ex Hook 29 KiÒn kiÒn Hopea pierrei Hance 30 Kim giao Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel 31 Kim giao nam Podocarpus wallichianus Presl 32 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss 33 Lim xanh Erythrophleum fordii Oliv 34 M¹y chÊu Carya tonkinensis Lecomte 35 Mì Ba V× Manglietia hainanensis Dandy 36 Mun Diospyros mun A.Chev. 37 Mun säc Diospyros sp.

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38 NghiÕn Excentrodendron tonkinense (Gagnep) Chang & Miau 39 P¬ mu Fokienia hodginsii Henry&Thomas 40 Rµng rµng mÝt Ormosia balansae Drake 41 Re h−¬ng Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Meisn 42 Sa méc dÇu Cunninghamia konishii Hayata 43 Sao l¸ h×nh tim Hopea cordata Vidal 44 Sao m¹ng Hopea reticulata Tardieu 45 S¨ng ®µo Hopea ferrea Pierre 46 SÕn c¸t (SÕn mñ) Shorea roxburghii G.Don 47 SÕn mËt Madhuca pasquieri H.J.Lam 48 S¬n ®µo Melanorrhoea usitata Wall 49 S¬n huyÕt Melanorrhoea laccifera Pierre 50 Th«ng ®á L©m §ång Taxus wallichiana Zucc 51 Th«ng ®á Pµ Cß Taxus chinensis (Pilg) Rehd 52 Th«ng hai l¸ dÑt Pinus krempfii Lecomte 53 Th«ng n¨m l¸ Pinus dalatensis de Ferre’ 54 Th«ng Pµ Cß Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang 55 Th«ng tre Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don 56 Th«ng tre l¸ ng¾n Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw 57 Thñy tïng Glyptostrobus pensilis K. Koch 58 Trai Nam Bé Fagraea fragrans Roxb. 59 Trai lý Garcinia fragraeoides A.Chev. 60 Tr¾c d©y Dalbergia annamensis A. Chev. 61 Tr¾c nghÖ Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre 62 TrÇm h−¬ng Aquilaria crassna Pierre 63 ¦¬i Scaphium macropodum (Miq) Beumee ex K.Heyne 64 Vµng t©m Manglietia fordiana Oliv. 65 Vï h−¬ng Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte 66 X¸ xÞ (Re lôc phÊn) Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz. 67 Xoay Dialium cochinchinensis Pierre

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Part IV. Annexes


Table 2. Site conditions for planting priority species for

production forests


Table 4a+4b. Site conditions for planting priority species

for special-used forests

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Species Natural Distribution

No.

Vietnamese name Scientific name

Family

N C S WOODY TREE SPECIES

1. B¹ch ®µn chanh * Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. f. Myrtaceae 2. B¹ch ®µn ®á * Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Myrtaceae 3. B¹ch ®µn liÔu (B.®µn

long duyªn) * Eucalyptus exserta F. Muell. Myrtaceae

4. B¹ch ®µn mò nhá * Eucalyptus microcorys F. Muell Myrtaceae 5. B¹ch ®µn salinha * Eucalyptus saligna Smith Myrtaceae 6. B¹ch ®µn th©n lín (B¹ch

®µn grandis) * Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden Myrtaceae

7. B¹ch ®µn tr¾ng caman (B¹ch ®µn caman) *

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Myrtaceae

8. B¹ch ®µn tr¾ng terª (B.® l¸ nhá, B.®. terª) *

Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Myrtaceae

9. B¹ch ®µn ur« * Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake Myrtaceae 10 Bµng * Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae 11 B»ng l¨ng (S¨ng lÎ) Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz Lythraceae + + + 12 B»ng l¨ng c−êm Lagerstroemia angustifolia Pierre

ex Gagnep. Lythraceae +

13 B»ng l¨ng n−íc Lagerstroemia flos-reginae Retz. Lythraceae + + + 14 BÇn chua Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. Sonneratiaceae + + + 15 BÇn æi Sonneratia ovata Back. Sonneratiaceae + + + 16 BÇn tr¾ng Sonneratia alba Smith Sonneratiaceae + 17 Bå ®Ò Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib

ex Hardw. Styracaceae + +

18 Bå kÕt Gleditsia australis Hemsl. Leguminosae + + 19 Bå kÕt t©y * Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae 20 B«ng gßn * Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Bombacaceae 21 Bêi lêi ®á (Kh¸o vµng) Machilus odoratissima Nees Lauraceae + + + 22 Bêi lêi nhít Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob.

(Litsea sebifera Willd.) Lauraceae + + +

23 Bøa Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth.

Clusiaceae + + +

24 Cµ na Canarium subulatum Guillaume Burseraceae + + 25 C¨m xe Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Theob.

(Xylia dolabriformis Benth.) Leguminosae + +

26 CÈm lai (CÈm lai bµ rÞa, CÈm lai vó)

Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain (Dalbergia bariaensis Pierre, Dalbergia mammosa Pierre)

Leguminosae + +

27 C¸ng lß Betula alnoides Buch. Ham.ex D.Don

Betulaceae + +

28 Cao su * Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Juss.) Muell - Arg.

Euphorbiaceae

29 ChÌ ®¾ng (ChÌ kh«m, Khæ ®inh trµ, Trµ ®¾ng)

Ilex kaushue S.Y.Hu (Ilex kudincha C.J.Tseng)

Aquifoliaceae +

20

30 ChÌ Shan (chÌ tuyÕt) Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (Thea sinensis L.)

Theaceae +

31 ChÑo tÝa Engeldhartia roxburghiana Wall. (Engeldhartia chrysolepis Hance)

Juglandaceae + + +

32 Chiªu liªu Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae + + 33 Chß chØ Parashorea chinensis H. Wang Dipterocarpaceae + + 34 Chß ®en (Chß chai) Parashorea stellata Kurz Dipterocarpaceae + + 35 Chß n©u Dipterocarpus retusus Dipterocarpaceae + + 36 Cä khiÕt l¸ nhá (Cä khÑt

l¸ nhá) Dalbergia assamica var. laccifera (Eberh & Dubard.) Niysmdham (Dalbergi balansae Prain)

Leguminosae + +

37 Cä khiÕt l¸ to (Cä khÑt l¸ to)

Dalbergia assamica Benth. (Dalbergi hupeana var. laccifera Eberh. & Dubard)

Leguminosae + +

38 Cä phÌn Protium serratum (Wall. ex colebr.) Engl.

Burseraceae + + +

39 Cãc (Qu¶ cãc) Spondias cytherea Sonn. Annacardiaceae + + 40 D¸i ngùa (Nh¹c ngùa)* Swietenia macrophylla King Meliaceae 41 DÇu con r¸i (DÇu r¸i, DÇu

n−íc) Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don

Dipterocarpaceae + +

42 DÇu mÝt (DÇu c¸t) D. costatus Gaert.f. (D.artocarpifolius)


43 DÇu song nµng Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre ex Laness.

Dipterocarpaceae +

44 DÇu trµ beng Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Teym. ex Miq.


45 DÎ b¾c giang Castanopsis bacgiangensis Fagaceae + 46 DÎ bép (Såi ph¶ng) Lithocarpus fissus (Champ.ex

Benth.) A. Camus; Castanopsis fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Rehd & Wils

Fagaceae + +

47 DÎ ®á Lithocarpus ducampii (Hickel et A. Camus) A. Camus

Fagaceae + +

48 DÎ gai (Cµ æi) Castanopsis indica (Roxb.) A. DC.

Fagaceae + +

49 DÎ trïng kh¸nh * Castanea mollissima Blume Fagaceae 50 DÎ yªn thÕ Castanopsis boisii Hickel et A.

Camus Fagaceae +

51 Dã (Dã lµm giÊy) Rhamnoneuron balansae (Drake) Gilg

Thymeleaceae + +

52 Däc Garcinia multiflora (Champ. ex Benth.), Garcinia tonkinensis Vesque

Clusiaceae + + +

53 Du sam (M¹y hinh) Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. (Keteleeria roullettii (A.Chev.) Flous

Pinaceae + +

54 Du sam ®¸ v«i Keteleeria davidiana var daviana (Bertrand) Beissn (K. calcarea W.C. Cheng & L.K.Fu )

Pinaceae +

55 §iÒu (§µo lén hét) * Anacardium occidentale L. Annacardiaceae

21

56 §inh (ThiÕt ®inh) Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Schum.

Bignoniaceae + +

57 §inh h−¬ng Dysoxylum cauliflorum Hiern Meliaceae + + 58 §inh thèi Fernandoa brilletii (Dop) Steen.

(Hexaneurocarpon brilletii Dop) Bignoniaceae +

59 §−ng ( §−íc bép) Rhizophora mucronata Lam. Rhizophoraceae + 60 §−íc (§−íc ®«i) Rhizophora apiculata Blume Rhizophoraceae + 61 §−íc vßi (§©ng) Rhizophora stylosa Griff. Rhizophoraceae + 62 G¹o Bombax ceiba L. (Bombax

malabaricum DC.) Bombacaceae + + +

63 Gi¸ng h−¬ng l¸ to Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz (Pterocarpus cambodianus Pierre)

Leguminosae + +

64 Giæi ¨n h¹t Michelia tonkinensis Dandy Magnoliaceae + + 65 Giæi nhung Michelia braiaensis Gagnep Magnoliaceae + + 66 Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy Magnoliaceae + + 67 Gâ ®á (Gâ cµ te) Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib.

(Pahudia cochinchinensis Pierre; Pahudia xylocarpa Kurz)

Leguminosae + +

68 Gâ n−íc Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) O.Ktze (Afzelia bjuga (Colebr.) A. Gray)

Leguminosae +

69 Géi (Géi nÕp) Aglaia spectabilis (Miq.) Jain.& Bennet. (A. gigantea (Pierre) Pell.)

Meliaceae + +

70 Gô lau Sindora tonkinensis A. Chev. ex Larsen

Leguminosae + +

71 Gô mËt Sindora siamensis Teijm ex Miq. (Sindora cochinchinensis Baill.)

Leguminosae + +

72 HoÌ (Hoa hoÌ) * Styphnolobium japonica (L.) Schott (Sophora japonica L.)

Leguminosae

73 Håi (§¹i håi, Håi t¸m c¸nh)

Illicium verum Hook f. Illiciaceae +

74 H«ng Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl.

Scrophulariaceae +

75 Huûnh (HuyÖng, HuyÖnh) Tarrietia javanica Blume Sterculiaceae + + 76 Keo d©y * Acacia dificilis Maiden Leguminosae 77 Keo ®en * Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Leguminosae 78 Keo lai * A. mangium Wild. x A.

auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. Leguminosae

79 Keo l¸ b¹c * A. aulacocarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth.

Leguminosae

80 Keo l¸ liÒm * A. crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth. Leguminosae 81 Keo l¸ trµm * A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex

Benth Leguminosae

82 Keo l«ng * Acacia torulosa Benth. Leguminosae 83 Keo tai t−îng * Acacia mangium Wild. Leguminosae 84 Keo tumi®ª * Acacia tumidae S. Muell Leguminosae 85 Kh¸o Phoebe cuneate Blume Lauraceae + + 86 KiÒn kiÒn Hopea siamensis Heim Dipterocarpaceae + + 87 KiÒn kiÒn phó quèc Hopea pierrei Hance Dipterocarpaceae + 88 Kim giao Nageia fleuryi (Hickel) De Laub.

(Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel) Podocarpaceae + + +

22

89 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Meliaceae + + + 90 L¸t mªhic« * Cedrela odorata Meliaceae 91 Lim xanh Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv. Leguminosae + + 92 Lim xÑt Pelthophorum dasyrrachis (Miq.)

Kurz. var. tonkinensis (Pierre) K. & S. Larsen

Leguminosae + + +

93 Lâi thä Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae + + 94 Long n·o (D· h−¬ng)* Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.

Presl Lauraceae

95 Lßng mang l¸ côt Pterospermum truncatolobatum Gagnep.

Sterculiaceae + +

96 Lßng mang l¸ m¸c Pterospermum lancaefolium Roxb.

Sterculiaceae + + +

97 Lßng møc (Thõng møc) Wrightia annamensis Eberh. & Dub.

Apocynaceae + + +

98 Léc võng Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.

Lecythidaceae + + +

99 M¹y ch©u (M¹y chÊu) Carya tonkinensis Lecomte Juglandaceae + 100 M¾c mËt (Hång b× rõng) Clausena indica (Dalz.) Oliv. Rutaceae + 101 M¾c r¹c (DÇu choßng) Delavaya toxocarpa Franch.

(Delavaya yunnanensis Franch.) Sapindaceae +

102 M¾c trai Mangifera sp. Annacardiaceae + 103 MÆc n−a Diospyros mollis Griff. Ebenaceae + 104 MÊm biÓn

(M¾m biÓn) Avicennia marina (Fork.) Vierh. Verbenaceae + +

105 MÊm l−ìi ®ßng (M¾m ®en)

Avicennia officinalis L. Verbenaceae +

106 MÊm qu¨n (M¾m qu¨n) Avicennia lanata Ridl. Verbenaceae + 107 MÊm tr¾ng

(M¾m tr¾ng) Avicennia alba Blume Verbenaceae +

108 Me * Tamarindus indica L. Euphorbiaceae 109 MÝt Artocarpus intergrifolius L. f. Moraceae + + + 110 Mß l¸ b¹c Cryptocarya maclurei Merr. Lauraceae + + 111 Mì Manglietia conifera Dandy

(Manglietia glauca Blume) Magnoliaceae + +

112 Mï u Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae + 113 Mun Diospyros mun A. Chev. ex Le

comte Ebenaceae + +

114 Mun säc Diospyros sp. Ebenaceae + 115 Muçm Mangifera foetida Lour. Annacardiaceae + + + 116 Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. Leguminosae + + + 117 Muång hoa ®µo

(Bß c¹p n−íc) Cassia javanica L. Leguminosae + +

118 Muång hoµng yÕn Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae + 119 Muång ngñ (Cßng) * Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Leguminosae 120 Muång rµng rµng (C−êm

r¾n) Adenanthera pavonina L. (A.microsperma Teysm)

Leguminosae + + +

121 NghiÕn Burretiodendron tonkinensis (Gagnep.) Kosterm.

Tiliaceae + +

122 Ng« ®ång Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight. Sterculiaceae + +

23

123 Nhéi Bischofia javanica Blume (Bischofia trifoliata (Roxb.) Hook.f.)

Euphorbiaceae + + +

124 Phi lao * Casuarina equisetifolia Forst & Forst f

Casuarinaceae

125 Ph−îng vÜ * Denolix regia (Bojer ex Hook,) Raf.

Leguminosae

126 P¬ mu Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry & Thomas

Cupressaceae + +

127 QuÕ Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl. Lauraceae + + 128 Rµng rµng mÝt Ormosia balansae Drake Leguminosae + + 129 Re hoa tr¾ng Cinnamomum curvifolium (Lour.)

Nees (Cinnamomum albiflorum Nees)

Lauraceae + +

130 Re h−¬ng Cinnamomum partheroxylum (Jack.) Nees

Lauraceae + +

131 Sa mu (Sa méc) * Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.

Taxodiaceae

132 Sa mu dÇu (Ngäc am)

Cunninghamia lanceolata var. konishii (Hayata)

Taxodiaceae + +

133 Sao ®en Hopea odorata Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae + + 134 Sao mÆt quØ

(T¸u mÆt quØ) Hopea mollissima C.Y.Wu Dipterocarpaceae +

135 Sao xanh Hopea sp. Dipterocarpaceae + 136 Sau sau Liquidambar formosana Hance Hammamelidaceae + + 137 SÊu Dracontomelon dupperreanum

Pierre Annacardiaceae + + +

138 SÕn bo bo (Vªn vªn nghÖ)

Shorea hypochra Hance Dipterocarpaceae +

139 SÕn mËt Madhuca pasquieri (Dunbard.) H. J. Lam.

Dipterocarpaceae + + +

140 SÕn mñ (SÕn c¸t) Shorea roxburghii G. Don (Shorea cochinchinensis Pierre)


141 SÕn trung (SÕn h¶i nam, Chµ ran sÕn)

Homalium ceylanicum Benth (Homalium hainanensis Gagnep)

Flacourtiaceae +

142 SÕn xanh Mimusop elengi L. Sapotaceae + + 143 SÕu (C¬m nguéi) Celtis sinensis Pers. Ulmaceae + + + 144 So ®òa * Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers Leguminosae 145 Së * Camellia oleifera C. Abel. Theaceae 146 Së th−êng * Camellia sasanqua Thunb.

(Thea sasanqua (Thunb.) Pierre) Theaceae

147 Sung (Cä ®−a) Ficus racemosa L. (Ficus glomerata Roxb.)

Moraceae + + +

148 Só Aegiceras corniculatum Myrsinaceae + + + 149 S÷a (Mß cua) Alstonia scholaris (L.) B. Br. Apocynaceae + + + 150 Tai chua Garcinia cowa Roxb. Clusiaceae

(Guttife-rae) + + +

151 T¸o mÌo Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne Rosaceae + 152 T¸u mËt Vatica odorata ssp.

brevipetiolatum (Vatica tonkinensis A. Chev.)

Dipterocarpaceae +

24

153 T¸u muèi Vatica diospyroides (Vatica fleuryana Tard.)


154 TÕch (GÝa tþ) * Tectona grandis L. Verbenaceae 155 Thanh thÊt Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.)

Alston Simaroubaceae + + +

156 Thanh trµ (S¬n trµ) * Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meisn.

Apocynaveae

157 Thµn m¸t Millettia ichthyochtona Drake Leguminosae + + + 158 Th«ng ba l¸ Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon Pinaceae + + 159 Th«ng Ca ri bª * Pinus caribaea Morelet Pinaceae 160 Th«ng ®á nam Taxus wallichianus Zucc. Taxaxeae + + 161 Th«ng ®á trung quèc Taxu chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd. Taxaxeae + 162 Th«ng hai l¸ (Th«ng

nhùa) Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries Pinaceae + +

163 Th«ng hai l¸ dÑt Pinus krempfii Lecomte Pinaceae + 164 Th«ng m· vÜ (Th«ng tµu,

Th ®u«i ngùa) * Pinus massoniana Lamb. Pinaceae

165 Th«ng n¨m l¸ Pinus dalatensis D. Ferre Pinaceae + 166 T« h¹p h−¬ng Altingia siamensis Craib. Altingiaceae + + 167 T« méc (Vang) Caesalpinia sappan L. Leguminosae + + + 168 T«ng dï (M¹y sao) Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M.

Roem Meliaceae +

169 Tèng qu¸n sñ (Tèng qu¸ sñ)

Alnus nepalensis D. Don Betulaceae +

170 Tra (Tra lµm chiÕu) Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Malvaceae + + + 171 Trai Shorea obtusa Wall. ex Blume

var. kochangensis Heim. (Shorea vulgaris Pierre)


172 Trµm (Trµm cõ) Melaleuca cajuputi Powell Myrtaceae + + + 173 Trµm l¸ dµi Melaleuca leucadendrra (L.) L. Myrtaceae + + + 174 Trµm l¸ b¹c * Melaleuca argentea W. Fitzg. Myrtaceae 175 Trµm l¸ dµi * Melaleuca leucadendra L. Myrtaceae 176 Trµm l¸ 5 g©n * Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Myrtaceae 177 Trµm l¸ réng * Melaleuca viridiflora Myrtaceae 178 Trµm salina * Melaleuca saligna Myrtaceae

179 Tr¸m ®en Canarium pimela Leench. (Canarium nigrum, Canarium tramdenum)

Burseraceae + +

180 Tr¸m hång (Tr¸m 3 c¹nh)

Canarium bengalense Roxb. Burseraceae + +

181 Tr¸m tr¾ng Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch. Burseraceae + + 182 Trang Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Rhizophoraceae + + + 183 Tr¾c Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre Leguminosae + + 184 Tr¾c vµng (S−a, Tr¾c

thèi, Huª méc gç vµng) Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain Leguminosae + +

185 Tr©m bÇu Combretum quadrangulare Kurz Combretaceae + + 186 Tr©m vèi Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeel Myrtaceae + + 187 TrÇm dã (TrÇm h−¬ng) Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex

Lecomte Thymeleaceae + + +

25

188 TrÈu Vernicia montana Lour. (Aleurites montana (Lour.) Wilson)

Euphorbiaceae + +

189 TrÈu cao b»ng * Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.)

Euphorbiaceae

190 Vµng t©m Manglietia dandyi (Gagnep.) Dandy (Magnolia dandyi Gagnep.)

Magnoliaceae + +

191 V¹ng trøng Endospermum chinense Benth. Euphorbiaceae + + + 192 VÑt dï Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.)

Savigny Rhizophoraceae +

193 VÑt ®en (VÑt khµng) Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. Rhizophoraceae + 194 VÑt t¸ch Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight

et Arn, ex Griff. Rhizophoraceae +

195 VÑt th¨ng (VÑt trô ) Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume Rhizophoraceae + 196 Vªn vªn Anisoptera costata Korth.

(Anisoptera cochinchinensis Pierre)


197 ViÕt Manilkara kauki Sapotaceae + + 198 Vèi thuèc

(Kh¸o dÆm) Schima wallichii var. noronhae (Blume ) Bloemb.

Theaceae + +

199 Vï h−¬ng Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte Lauraceae + 200 Xµ cõ (Sä khØ) * Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.

Juss. Meliaceae

201 Xoµi Mangifera indica L. Annacardiaceae + + 202 Xoan (Xoan ta,

SÇu ®©u) Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae + + +

203 Xoan chÞu h¹n (Xoan Ên ®é, Nim) *

Azedirachta indica Juss. Meliaceae

204 Xoan ®µo Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkm (Pygeum arboreum Engl.)

Rosaceae + +

205 Xoan méc (Tr−¬ng v©n)

Toona surenii (Blume) Merr. (Toona febrifuga M. Roem.)

Meliaceae + +

206 Xoan nhõ (L¸t xoan) Choerespondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt. & Hill

Annacardiaceae + +

207 Xoan qu¶ to Melia toosendan Sieb. & Zucc. Meliaceae + 208 Xoay Dialium cochinchinensis Pierre Leguminosae + + 209 Xu Xylocarpus moluccensis ( Lamk.)

M. Roem. Meliaceae +

210 Xu æi Xylocarpus granatum Koenig Meliaceae +

BAMBOOS (BAMBUSOIDEAE) 1. B¸t ®é * Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro

(Sinocalamus latiflorus MacClure) Poaceae

2. B−¬ng (Tre m¹nh t«ng)

Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Back. (Dendrocalamus flagellifer Munro)

Poaceae + + +

3. DiÔn ®¸ Dendrocalamus sp. Poaceae + 4. DiÔn trøng Dendrocalamus sp. Poaceae + 5. Dïng * Bambusa chungii McClure

(Lingnania chungii) Poaceae

26

6. GÇy (M¹y hèc ®á) Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz.

Poaceae +

7. Hãp ®¸ Bambusa tultoides Munro Poaceae + + 8. Hãp cÇn c©u Bambusa multiplex (Lour.)

Raeusch Poaceae + + +

9. Hãp sµo Bambusa nutans Wall. ex Munro Poaceae + 10 Le (Le ®en) Gigantochloa nigro-ciliata (Buse)

Kurz Poaceae + +

11 Lå « Bambusa procera A. Chev. ex Camus

Poaceae + +

12 Lå « trung bé Bambusa balcooa Roxb. Poaceae + 13 Lôc tróc * Dendrocalamus sp. Poaceae 14 Lïng Bambusa sp. Poaceae + + 15 Luång (MÐt) Dendrocalanus membranceus

Munro Poaceae + +

16 Mai Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro (Sinocalamus gigangeus)

Poaceae + + +

17 MËy b«ng Bambusa tulda Roxb. Poaceae + 18 MËy hèc Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees

et Arn. ex Munro Poaceae +

19 MËy sang Dendrocalamus sericeus Munro Poaceae + 20 Nøa l¸ to Schizostachyum pseudolima

MacClure Poaceae + + +

21 Nøa ngé Schizostachyum funghomii MacClure

Poaceae + +

22 TÇm v«ng * Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble Poaceae 23 Tre gai Bambusa blumeana Schultes Poaceae + + + 24 Tre lµ ngµ Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss.

(Bambusa arundinacea (Ret z.) Willd.

Poaceae + +

25 Tre léc ngéc (Tre nghÖ)

Bambusa sp. Poaceae + +

26 Tre mì Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. in Wendl.

Poaceae + + +

27 Tre mì L¹ng s¬n (M¹y p×, M¹y t×)

Dendrocalamus farinosus L.C. Chia &H.L. Fung

Poaceae +

28 Tre vµng säc (Tre træ) *

Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex Wendiand cv. Vitata (McClure)

Poaceae

29 Tróc cÇn c©u vµng (Tróc cÇn c©u xanh)

Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Rw

Poaceae +

30 Tróc ®en * P. nigra (Lodd. ex Loud.) Munro Poaceae 31 Tróc ho¸ long P. aurea Carr. ex A. & C. Riv. Poaceae + 32 Tróc sµo * P. heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford (P.

edulis (Carr.) H. de Leh., P. pubescens Mazel ex H. de Lehaie)

Poaceae

33 Tróc vu«ng Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Fenzi) Makino

Poaceae +

34 VÇu ®¾ng Indoasa amabilis McClure Poaceae + + 35 VÇu ngät l¸ nhá Arundinaria sp.

Poaceae +

27

RATTANS AND PALMS (PALMAE)

1. Bóng b¸ng (B¸ng, §o¸c)

Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr. (Arenga saccharifera Labill.)

Palmae + +

2. Cä (Cä bÇu) Livistona cochinchinensis (Lour.) Mart. (Livistona saribus (Lour.) Merr. ex A. Chev.)

Palmae + +

3. Cä b¾c s¬n (§ïng ®×nh b¾c s¬n)

Livistona bacsonensis Magalon Palmae +

4. Cä xÎ Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. Palmae + + 5. Dõa n−íc Nypa fruticans Wurmb. Palmae + + 6. L¸ bu«ng Caryota lecomtei Becc.

(Corypha lecomtei) Palmae + +

7. M¸i (M©y tr¾ng, M©y n−íc)

Calamus tonkinensis Becc. Palmae + +

8. M¸i n−íc Calamus amarus Lour. (Calamus tenuis Ro xb.)

Palmae +

9. M©y çt Calamus viminalis Willd. Palmae + + 10 M©y t¾t (M©y ruét gµ) Calamus tetradactylus Hance Palmae + + + 11 Mãc Caryota urens L. Palmae + + 12 Mãc ®ïng ®×nh Caryota mitis Lour. Palmae + + 13 Song bét Calamus poilanei Conrard Palmae + 14 Song ®en Calamus rudentum Lour. Palmae + + + 15 Song mËt C. platyacanthus Warb. ex Becc. Palmae + + 16 Thèt nèt Borassus flabellifer L. Palmae +

PLANTS USED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT 1. Chµm çnh Indigofera zollingeriana Miq. Leguminosae + + + 2. Chµm phông (§Ëu chµm) Indigofera galegoides D.C. Leguminosae + + + 3. Cèt khÝ * Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) DC. Leguminosae 4. §µi loan t−¬ng t− * Acacia confusa Merr. Leguminosae 5. §Ëu thiÒu (§Ëu triÒu, §Ëu

s¨ng)* Cajanus cajan (L.) Mills Leguminosae

6. §iªn ®iÓn Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Leguminosae + 7. §iªn ®iÓn tr¸i to Sesbania macrocarpa Muhl. ex

Rafin. Leguminosae +

8. §iÒn thanh hoa vµng Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. (var. floribunda Gagnep.)

Leguminosae + + +

9. Hång mai (Anh ®µo gi¶)* Gliricida sepium (Jacq.) Steud. Leguminosae 10 Keo giËu * Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.)

De Wit (Leucaena glauca (Willd.) Benth.

Leguminosae

11 Muång ph¸o * Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner Leguminosae 12 Tãp mì l¸ to (Thãc lÐp,

Hµm s×) Flemingia sootepensis Craib. (Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Prain)

Leguminosae + + +

13 Trøng ç Calophyllum sp. Clusiaceae + +

Remarks : * Exotics + Distributed

- N: North - C: Centre - S: South

Table 2. Site conditions for planting priority species for production forests

Species Climatic conditions Soil conditions Annual temperature (0C)

No Vietnamese

name Scientific name

Latitude Altitu-de (m) a.s.l.

Rain fall (mm/yr)

Length of dry season

(month)

Mean Meantemp. of the

hostted months

Mean temp. of the

coldesd months

Type of soil pH

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)I SPECIES FOR TIMBER

1. B¹ch ®µn lai E’lite clones of hybrids of Eucalypts

2. B¹ch ®µn caman

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.

08 - 20°N < 500 1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 24 - 28 32 - 34 14 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on schists, shale. Optimum: Sandy-loamy mixed soil, well drainage. + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 60 cm

4-7

3. B¹ch ®µn tere

Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.

08 - 20°N < 500 1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 23 - 28 32 - 35 14 - 22 + Sandy-loamy mixed, loamy soils, well drainage. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm

4-6

4. B¹ch ®µn uro Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake

13 - 22°N 100 - 1.500

1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 20 - 25 30 - 32 10 -14 + Feralite soils developed on schists, shale. Optimum: Sandy-loamy mixed soil, deep, high moisture, but well drainage. + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-6

5. DÇu r¸i Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don

08 - 19°N 100 - 600

1.800 - 2.500

0 - 6 25 - 28 32 - 34 18 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on alluvial and ancient alluvial + Soil layer depth: > 100 cm, optimum: > 150 cm

4-5

6. §−íc ®«i Rhizophora 08 - 11°N 0 - 5 1.800 - 0 - 6 24 - 28 30 - 33 20 - 23 + Sandy mudflats soils, fertile 3-5

apiculata Blume 2.400 and frequently affected by tide + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm

7. Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy

11 - 22 < 400 1.500 - 3.000

0 - 5 21 - 24 32 - 34 06 - 16 Grows on brown yellow soils developed on old alluvium; red soil developed on neutral and basic magma; red yellow soil developed on metamorphic rock, shale or acid magma; yellow soil on sandstone

4-7

8. Huûnh Tarrietia javanica Blume

17 - 19°N 100 - < 800

1.800 - 2.500

0 - 5 23 - 26 30 - 35 15 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist, with deep and rich in humus. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-6

9. Keo l¸ liÒm Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth.

08 - 19°N 3-200 1.500 -2.300

3 - 6 23 - 28 32 - 34 13 - 23 + Many kinds of soils: coastal sandy soil, yeallowish red basalt, sediment, ancient alluvium. + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 70 cm

4-7

10 Keo l¸ trµm A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth

08 - 20°N < 500 1.200 - 2.500


3-9

11 Keo lai A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth x A. mangium Wild.

08 - 22°N 5-500 1.500 -2.500

5 - 7 23 - 28 31 - 34 13 - 23 + Coastal sandy soil, feralite soil developed on schists, shale, alluvium and ancient alluvium. + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 60 cm

4-7

30

12 Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium Wild.

08 - 22°N < 800 1.800 - 2.500

0 - 6 22 - 28 31 - 34 14 - 22 + Alluvial soil, coastal sandy soil, ancient alluvium. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4,5 -

6,0

13 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.

16 - 22°N 50 -1000

1.600 - 2.300

0 - 4 19 - 23 32 - 33 9 - 16 + Alluvial soil in the deltas, feralite soil developed on granite, limestones. Optimum: Sandy-loamy mixed soil in delta, forest soil wihith deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

5-7

14 Phi lao Casuarina equisetifolia Forst & Forst f

11 - 20°N < 100 1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 23 - 28 32 - 34 13 - 25 + Alluvial soil, sandy-loamy mixed soil in deltas, sand dunes in coastal areas. It can be planted on acid, inundated soil. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-7

15 Sao ®en Hopea odorata Roxb.

09 - 17°N < 800 1.500 - 2.500

4 - 6 25 - 28 33 - 35 11 - 18 + Feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist, deep layers and high moisture + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-5

16 TÕch Tectona grandis L. 09 - 22°N 100 - 700

1.500 - 2.500

4 - 7 25 - 28 30 - 33 18 - 22 Red yellow feralite soils developed on granite, gneiss, especially well on basalt with deep soil layer

5-7

17 Th«ng ba l¸ Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon

11 - 23°N 700 - 2.500

1.400 - 2.500

0 - 6 18 - 23 23 - 29 5 - 18 + Feralite soil, redish-yeallow potzolic soil developed on basalt, granite. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-5

18 Th«ng caribª Pinus caribaea 10 - 22°N 10 - 1.500 - 0 - 6 23 - 27 30 - 35 14 - 21 + Feralite soils, potzolic soils 4,0

31

Morelet 800 2.500 on hills.+ Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm

- 5,5

19 Th«ng m· vÜ Pinus massoniana Lamb.

20 - 23°N 500 - 1.100

1.500 - 2.300

1 - 4 18 - 21 27 - 32 9 - 13 + Feralite soils developed on rhiolite, granite, shale. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-6

20 Trµm cõ Melaleuca cajuputi Powell

08 - 21°N 1 - 120

1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 23 - 28 31 - 34 18 - 24 + Light and medium acid sulphate soil with heavy clay texture and peat with 3 month water logging + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

3-5

21 Trµm l¸ dµi Melaleuca leucadendrra (L.) L.

08 - 21°N 3 - 150

1.600 - 2.300

0 - 6 25 - 28 32 - 34 18 - 24 + Sulphate acid soil in coastal areas. It can tolerate shallow, hot and arid hilly soil, strongly eroded, usually growing in pure or nearly pure stands + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm

3-5

22 Xµ cõ Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss.

08 - 22°N 1.500 -2.300

18 - 23 26 - 29 15 - 20 Adapts to many types of soils. Grows best in alluvial soil.

4-6

23 Xoan ta Melia azedarach L. 15 - 22°N 5 - 600

1.800 - 3.000

4 - 6 18 - 26 30 - 33 10 - 17 + Loamy, sandy-loamy-mixed soils, feralite soils developed on gneiss, rhiolite. Optimum: alluvial soil in deltas with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-7

II SPECIES FOR NON-TIMBER PRODUCTS 1. Bêi lêi ®á

(Kh¸o vµng) Machilus odoratissima Nees

12 - 22°N 20 - 400

1.900 - 2.500

4 - 6 22 - 27 32 - 34 10 - 15 + Feralite soils developed on basalt, schists, rhiolite.

4-6

32

Optimum: forest soils developed on basalt, schist. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 80 cm

2. §iÒu Anacardium occidentale L.

08 - 15°N 5 - 600

700 - 3.100

0 - 6 25 - 27 32 - 36 19 - 22 + Feralite soils on the hills, sandy-loamy mixed soils in sea shore + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-5

3. Håi Illicium verum Hook f.

21 - 23°N 50 - 300

1.500 - 2.400

0 - 4 20 - 23 30 - 31 9 - 11 + Red, brown-red or yeallow feralite soils, developed from schist-sandstone with deep, fertile and well drained soils. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-5

4. QuÕ Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl.

15 - 21°N 100 - 400

1.500 - 2.500

0 - 4 22 - 27 32 - 33 12 - 18 Grows well on moist clay soils developed on shale, mica-schist with deep soil layer. Soil texture from light to medium loam, not well on too soft alluvial soil. Do not plant on limestone, sandy or water-logged soils

4-6

5. Th«ng nhùa Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries

11 - 21°N <150 &

< 900

1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 22 - 27 32 - 34 14 - 17 + Feralite soil developed on mica-schist, granite, schists, basalt. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-5

6. Tr¸m tr¾ng Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.

13 - 22°N 100 - 700

1.800 - 2.200

0 - 5 22 - 25 27 - 32 13 - 15 + Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, shale. Optimum: forest soil with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-7

7. TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna 08 - 22°N 20 - 1.900 - 0 - 6 24 - 28 29 - 31 11 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on 4-7

33

Pierre ex Lecomte 700 2.500 mica-schist, shale. Optimum: forest soil with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

III BAMBOOS 1. Luång Dendrocalanus

membranceus Munro

16 - 22°N 50 - 800

1.600 - 2.300

22 - 28 30 - 35 10 - 16 + Alluvial soil in the deltas to hilly feralite soil with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-7

34



No Vietnamese


Latitude Altitu-de (m) a.s.l.

Rain fall (mm/yr)


(month)

Mean Meantemp. of the

hostted months

Mean temp. of the

coldesd months

Type of soil pH

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)I SPECIES FOR WATERSHED PROTECTION

1 Bêi lêi nhít Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob. (Litsea sebifera Willd.)

09 - 17°N <1.000

1.500 -2.500

0 - 6 19 - 25 26 - 34 16 - 18 Can be planted on red brown soil, brown red feralite soils developed on basalt with deep soil layer

4,5 -

5,5

2 C¸ng lß Betula alnoides Buch. Ham.ex D.Don

21 - 23°N 700 - 1.500

3 Chß chØ Parashorea chinensis H. Wang

17 - 23°N 100 -1.200

+ Feralite soils developed on shale, limestone. + Prefers with deep layer and high moisture.

4 Chß n©u Dipterocarpus retusus

20 - 23°N 100 - 1.000

+ Red-yeallow, yeallow-red feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist, gneiss + Deep layer, weel drainage.

5 DÇu r¸i Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don

08 - 19°N 100 - 600

1.800 - 2.500

0 - 6 25 - 28 32 - 34 18 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on alluvium and ancient alluvium + Soil layer depth: > 100 cm, optimum: > 150 cm

4-5

6 DÎ bép Lithocarpus fissus (Champ.ex Benth.) A. Camus; Castanopsis fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Rehd & Wils

18 - 23°N < 1.000

1.500 - 2.500

3 - 5 23 - 27 25 - 37 16 - 22 + Red-yeallow, yeallow-red feralite soils developed on sandstone-schist, mica-schist, forest soils. + Deep layer, well drainage.

4,5 –

5,5

35

7 DÎ ®á Lithocarpus ducampii (Hickel et A. Camus) A. Camus

11 - 22°N 200 - 1.000

1.500 - 2.500

3 - 5 23 - 27 25 - 37 16 - 22 Red-yeallow or yeallow-red feralite soils developed on acid-magma, sandstone-schist, forest soils.

4,5 –

5,5

8 §iÒu Anacardium occidentale L.

08 - 15°N 5 - 600

700 - 3.100

0 - 6 25 - 27 32 - 36 19 - 22 + Feralite soils on the hills, sandy-loamy mixed soil in sea shore + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-5

9 Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy

11 - 22 < 400 1.500 - 3.000

0 - 5 21 - 24 32 - 34 06 - 16 Grows on brown yellow soils developed on old alluvium; red soil developed on neutral and basic magma; red yellow soil developed on metamorphic rock, shale or acid magma; yellow soil on sandstone

4-7

10 Håi Illicium verum Hook f.

21 - 23°N 50 - 300

1.500 - 2.400

0 - 4 20 - 23 30 - 31 9 - 11 + Red, brown-red or yeallow feralite soils, developed from schist-sandstone with deep, fertile and well drained soils. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-5

11 Huûnh Tarrietia javanica Blume

17 - 19°N 100 - < 800

1.800 - 2.500

0 - 5 23 - 26 30 - 35 15 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist, with deep and rich in humus. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-6

12 Keo l¸ trµm Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth

08 - 20°N < 500 1.200 - 2.500


3-9

13 Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium 08 - 22°N < 800 1.800 - 0 - 6 22 - 28 31 - 34 14 - 22 + Alluvial soil, coastal sandy 4,5

36

Wild. 2.500 soil, ancient alluvium. - 6,0 + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm,

optimum: > 50 cm 14 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis

A. Juss. 16 - 22°N 50 -

1000 1.600 - 2.300

0 - 4 19 - 23 32 - 33 9 - 16 + Alluvial soil in the deltas, feralite soil developed on granite, limestones. Optimum: Sandy-loamy mixed soil in delta, forest soil with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

5-7

15 Lim xanh Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv.

17 - 23°N < 700 1.500 - 3.500

0 - 4 20 - 27 21 - 36 11 - 15 Red yellow feralite soils developed on granite, shale, mica-schist. Prefers moist, soft, humus soil

4-6

16 Lim xÑt Pelthophorum dasyrrachis (Miq.) Kurz. var. tonkinensis (Pierre) K. & S.Larsen

08 - 22°N 50 - 800

1.200 - 2.500

1 - 6 20 - 25 24 - 33 10 - 16 Many feralite soil types developed on gneiss, schists, mica-schist, red basalt. Prefers deep, moist, humus soil

4-6

17 Luång Dendrocalanus membranceus Munro

10 - 21°N < 300 1.800 - 2.300

5 - 6 23 - 24 32 - 34 13 - 22 + Alluvial soil in the deltas to hilly feralite soils wihith deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-7

18 Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. 10 - 18°N (22°N)

<1.200

600 - 3.500

2 - 6 20 - 27 26 - 37 15 - 22 Red yellow feralite soils developed on basalt, porphyrite, mica-schist, limestone; mixed sandy to light loam texture

4-6

19 Rµng rµng mÝt

Ormosia balansae Drake

13 - 23°N 50 - 500

Red yeallow or yeallow red feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist. Prefers deep and moist soil

5,0 -

6,0

37

20 Sa méc Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.

19 - 23°N 400 - 1.500

1.300 - 2.300

1 - 6 20 - 25 25 - 30 6 - 18 Feralite soils developed on degenerated limestone, schists, sandstone-schist. Prefers deep, high humus content and moist soil

5,0 -

6,5


09 - 17°N < 800 1.500 - 2.500


4-5

22 Së Camellia sasanqua Thunb. (Thea sasanqua (Thunb.) Pierre)

>17°N <800 1.300 -2.500

0 - 4 18 - 26 29 - 35 12 - 16 Grows well on yellow brown, red yellow or yellow red soils developed on shale, sandstone schist, ryolite; on basalt red soil and stabilized sand


11 - 23°N 700 - 2.500

1.400 - 2.500

0 - 6 18 - 23 23 - 29 5 - 18 + Feralite soisl, redish-yeallow potzolic soils developed on basalt, granite. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-5

24 Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries

11 - 21°N <150 &

< 900

1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 22 - 27 32 - 34 14 - 17 + Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, granite, schist, basalt. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-5


20 - 23°N 500 - 1.100

1.500 - 2.300

1 - 4 18 - 21 27 - 32 9 - 13 + Feralite soils developed on rhiolite, granite, shale. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-6

26 T«ng dï Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. Roem

21 - 23°N 800 - 1.500

1.500 - 2.400

Feralite soils developed on granite, shale, limestone, clay-schist, mica-schist. Prefers deep, high humus content and moist soil

5,5 -

7,0

38

27 Tèng qu¸n sñ Alnus nepalensis D. Don

22 - 23°N 1.000 -

3.000

500 - 1.800

15 - 20 Yeallow-red feralite soils developed on granite

5,0 -

5,5 28 Tr¸m tr¾ng Canarium album

(Lour.) Raeusch. 13 - 22°N 100 -

700 1.800 - 2.200

0 - 5 22 - 25 27 - 32 13 - 15 + Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, shale. Optimum: forest soils with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-7

29 TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte

08 - 22°N 20 -700

1.900 - 2.500

0 - 6 24 - 28 29 - 31 11 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, shale. Optimum: forest soil with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-7

30 Tre gai Bambusa blumeana Schultes

08 - 23°N 1.300 - 2.000

23 -25 Adapts with many types of soils.

31 V¹ng trøng Endospermum chinense Benth.

19 - 22°N 100 -700

1.000 - 2.000

Grows well on soils developed from shale, mica schist, sandstone, porphyrite, with deep layer, moist, high humus content.

4,5 –

6,5

32 Vªn vªn Anisoptera costata Korth. (Anisoptera cochinchinensis Pierre)

08 - 15°N 50 - 700

1.500 - 2.500

3 - 6 24 - 28 25 - 36 16 - 22 Grows well on grey soils developed on old alluvium, shale or yellow brown soil on old alluvium; prefers deep and moist soil

4-5

33 Vèi thuèc Schima wallichii var. noronhae (Blume ) Bloemb.

19 - 23°N 400 - 1.500

1.000 - 2.000

Grows well on soils developed from shale, mica schist, sandstone, poorphia, with deep layer, moist, high humus content.

5,0 -

6,5

34 Xoµi Mangifera indica L. 08 - 22°N < 500 1.000 - 2.000

3 - 6 24 - 28 25 - 36 16 - 22 Adapts to many types of soils: sandy, loamy, alluvial soils. Prefers alluvial soil

5,5 -

6,5

39

along the banks of rivers, moist and deep layer.

II 1. SPECIES FOR WIND-BREAK, SAND DUNE FIXING IN SEA SHORES 1. Dõa Cocos nucifera L. 08 - 22°N 1.500 -

2.000 2 - 5 24 - 28 25 - 36 16 - 22 Adapts to many types of

soils: sandy, loamy, alluvial, sulphate soils.

5-8

2. §iÒu Anacardium occidentale L.

08 - 15°N 5 - 600

700 - 3.100

0 - 6 25 - 27 32 - 36 19 - 22 + Feralite soil in the hills, sandy-loamy mixed soil in sea shore + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-5

3. Keo d©y Acacia dificilis Maiden

08 - 21°N 3 - 200

1.500 - 2.300


4-6

4. Keo l¸ liÒm A. crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth.

08 - 19°N 3-200 1.500 -2.300

3 - 6 23 - 28 32 - 34 13 - 23 + Coastal sandy soil, yeallowish red basalt, sediment, ancient alluvium. + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 70 cm

4-7

5. Keo l¸ trµm A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth

08 - 20°N < 500 1.200 - 2.500


3-9

6. Keo Tumi®ª Acacia tumidae S. Muell

08 - 21°N 3 - 200

1.500 - 2.300


4-6

7. Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. 10 - 18°N <1200 600 - 2 - 6 20 - 27 26 - 37 15 - 22 Red yellow feralite soils 5-6

40

(22°N) 3.500 developed on basalt, porphyrite, mica-schist, limestone; mixed sandy to light loam texture

8. Phi lao Casuarina equisetifolia Forst & Forst f

11 - 20°N < 100 1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 23 - 28 32 - 34 13 - 25 + Alluvial soil, sandy-loamy mixed soil in deltas, sand dunes in coastal areas. It can be planted on acid, inundated soil. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-7

9. Tre gai Bambusa blumeana Schultes

08 - 23°N 1.300 - 2.000

23 -25 Adapts with many types of soils.

10 Xoµi Mangifera indica L. 08 - 22°N < 500 1.000 - 2.000

3 - 6 24 - 28 25 - 36 16 - 22 Adapts to many types of soils: sandy, loamy, alluvial soils. Prefers alluvial soil along the banks of rivers, moist and deep layer.

5,5 -

6,5

11 Xoan chÞu h¹n

Azedirachta indica Juss.

II 2. SPECIES FOR WAVE PREVENTION 1. BÇn chua Sonneratia

caseolaris (L.) Engl.

08 - 21°N 0 - 5 1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Alluvial, mudflats soils, sometimes affected by rather salty water

3-5

2. Dõa n−íc Nypa fruticans 08 - 16°N 0 - 5 1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Alluvial soil flooding in season along the banks of canals, streams, rivers

5-6

3. §−íc Rhizophora apiculata Blume

08 - 11°N 0 - 5 1.800 - 2.400

0 - 6 24 - 28 30 - 33 20 - 23 + Sandy mudflats soil, fertile and frequently affected by tide + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm

3-5

4. MÊm tr¾ng Avicennia alba Blume

08 - 21°N 0 - 5 1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Mudflats salty soil in sea shore

3-5

5. Só Aegiceras 08 - 21°N 0 - 5 1.500 - 0 - 6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Mudflats salty soil in sea 3-5

41

corniculatum 2.500 shoreMelaleuca cajuputi Powell

3-5 6. 1 - 120

1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 + Light and medium acid sulphate soil with heavy clay texture and peat with 3 month water logging

08 - 21°N Trµm cõ

+ Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

Melaleuca leucadendrra (L.) L.

3-5 7. 1 - 120

1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 + Sulphate acid soil in coastal areas. It can tolerate shallow, hot and arid hilly soil, strongly eroded, usually growing in pure or nearly pure stands

08 - 21°N Trµm l¸ dµi

+ Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm

Kandelia candel (L.) Druce

8. Trang 08 - 21°N 0 - 5 1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Alluvial, mudflat, salty soils

3-5

9. VÑt dï Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny

08 - 21°N 0 - 5 1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 24 - 28 26 - 37 18 - 24 Alluvial, mudflat, clay, salty soils

3-5

III SPECIES FOR PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT, LANDSCAPE, URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL AREAS 1. Bµng Terminalia catappa

L. 08 - 23°N 1.200 -

2.500 0 - 7 22 - 30 25 - 37 12 - 22 Can be planted on many

kinds of soils, including poor soils

5-6

2. B»ng l¨ng Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz

09 - 22°N < 800 Prefers deep layer, moist, well drainage soils

4-5

3. D¸i ngùa Swietenia macrophylla King

1.500 -2.300

26 - 29 15 Adapts to many soils. grows well on alluvial soil

4-5

4. DÇu r¸i Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don

08 - 19°N 100 - 600

1.800 - 2.500

0 - 6 25 - 28 32 - 34 18 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on alluvium and ancient alluvium + Soil layer depth: > 100 cm, optimum: > 150 cm

4-5

5. Hoµng lan Michelia champaca 09 - 22°N 20 -500

1.800 - 2.500

3 - 6 23 - 29 25 - 37 16 - 22 Grey soils on ancient alluvium, clay miexed with

4,5 –

42

sand, yeallow red feralite soils developed on shale, mica schist with deep layers

5,5

6. Keo l¸ trµm Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth

08 - 20°N < 500 1.200 - 2.500


3-9

7. Keo tai t−îng Acacia mangium Wild.

08 - 22°N < 800 1.800 - 2.500

0 - 6 22 - 28 31 - 34 14 - 22 + Alluvia soil, coastal sandy soil, ancient alluvium. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4,5 -

6,0

8. Long n·o Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

20 - 23°N < 1.000

1.500 - 2.000

Moist clay soil developed on shale, mica-schist with deep layers, high humus content and good drainage

4,5 -

6,0

9. Me Tamarindus indica L.

09 - 22°N < 500 1.500 - 2500

3 - 6 23 - 29 25 - 37 16 - 22 Grey soil on anciaent alluvial, light texture, yeallow red feralite soils developed on sandstone, schist-sandstone, deep layers

4,5 –

5,5

10 Muång ®en Cassia siamea Lam. 10 - 18°N (22°N)

<1.200

600 - 3.500


5-6

11 Muång hoa vµng

Cassia fistula L. 10 - 22°N 1.200 - 2.000


5-6

12 Ph−îng vÜ Denolix regia (Bojer ex Hook,) Raf.

08 - 22°N 1.200 -2.500

0 - 7 22 - 30 25 - 37 12 - 22 Adapts to many types of soils. It can be planted on poor soils

5-6

43


< 800 1.300 - 2.500


4-5

14 SÊu Dracontomelon dupperreanum Pierre

18 - 23°N < 800 1.500 - 3.000

0 - 5 22 - 26 27 - 37 11 - 21 Brown-yeallow soil on ancient alluvial, red soil on neutral and alkaline magma, red yeallow soils on acid magma, etc.

4-6

15 S÷a (Mß cua) Alstonia scholaris (L.) B. Br.

09 - 22°N 50 - 400

4-6


11 - 23°N 700 - 2.500

1.400 - 2.500

0 - 6 18 - 23 23 - 29 5 - 18 + Feralite soils, redish-yeallow potzolic soil developed on basalt, granite. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-5

17 Th«ng caribª Pinus caribaea Morelet

10 - 22°N 10 - 800

1.500 - 2.500

0 - 6 23 - 27 30 - 35 14 - 21 + Feralite soils developed on granite, shale, mica-schist, sandstone, ligh texture + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm

4,0 -

5,5

18 Th«ng hai l¸ Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries

11 - 21°N <150 &

< 900

900 - 2.500

0 - 6 23 - 28 26 - 35 10 - 18 + Feralite soil developed on sandstone, mica-schist, granite, schists, basalt. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-5


20 - 23°N 300 - 800

1.500 - 2.000

1 - 4 17 - 22 23 - 31 10 - 18 + Feralite soil developed on rhiolite, granite, shale. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm

4-5

20 Trøng c¸ Calophyllium sp. 4-6 21 ViÕt Manilkara kauki 4-6 22 Xµ cõ Khaya senegalensis

(Desr.) A. Juss. 08 - 22°N 1.500 -

2.300 18 - 23 26 - 29 15 - 20 Adapts to many soils. Prefers

alluvial soil 4-6

44

Table 4a. List of priority species for speciesl-used forests

Criteria of assessment (point) Species No

Vietnamese name

Scientific name

Altitude(m) a.s.l.

Distribution H(m)

D (cm)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Total (point)

Planted 1.Botanical

garden; 2.Trial

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) 1 B¸ch vµng Xanthocyparis

vietnamensis Farjon & Hiep

1050 -1330

Ha Giang 20 80 CR 5

0 1 1 3 3 1 14

2 B¸ch xanh Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz

900 - 1800

Ba Vi, Son La, Lam Dong

20-30 60-80 EN4

0 1 3 3 3 3 17 Ha Tay

3 B¹ch tïng Podocarpus imbricatus Blume

Ha Giang, Central Highland

20-30 80 VU3

0 1 3 2 3 2 14 Gia Lai

4 CÈm lai Bµ RÞa

Dalbergia bariensis Pierre

< 900 The South, Central Highland

20-25 40-60 EN4

0 1 3 2 2 2 14 CentralHighland, South East

5 C¨m xe Xylia xylocarpa Taub

Central Highland 30-40 40-60 VU3

0 1 3 2 1 3 13 CentralHighland

6 Chai l¸ cong

Shorea falcata Vidal

Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa

12-15 100 CR5

2 1 3 3 3 3 19 BinhThuan


100 -1200

Centre of the North 40-50 80-100

VU 3

0 1 3 2 2 3 14 CucPhuong

8 Chß ®·I Annamocarya sinensis J. Leroy

Cuc Phuong 20-30 50-100

CR 5

2 1 1 3 2 3 17 CucPhuong

9 Chß ®en Parashorea stellata Kurz

300-800

Centre, The South, Central Highland

30-40 80-100

EN 4

0 1 3 2 2 1 13

10 Chß n©u Dipterocarpus tonkinensis Chev.

< 300 Centre of the North 35-40 100 EN 4

0 1 2 2 2 3 14 Phu Tho

11 DÇu bao Dipterocarpus baudii Korth

200–800

Lam Dong, Dong Nai

40 80 EN4

0 1 2 2 3 1 13

45

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)12 DÇu c¸t Dipterocarpus

chartaceus Sym < 600 Binh Thuan, Ba

Ria, 30 60 EN

4 0 1 2 2 2 3 14 Binh

Thuan

Binh Duong

13 DÇu ®ät tÝm Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco

< 700 Hue, Quang Nam 25-40 60 EN 4

0 1 2 2 2 3 14 Hue,Quang Nam

14 DÇu song nµng

Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre

300–500

The South 40 200 VU 3

0 1 3 2 2 3 14 §ong Nai

15 DÎ tïng säc n©u

Amentotaxus hatuyenensis Hiep et Vidal

1500 Ha Giang 15 30-40 CR5

0 1 1 3 3 1 14

16 Du sam Keteleeria evelyniana Mast

500 -1600

North West, North East, Central Highland

25 100 VU3

0 1 3 2 3 2 14 Son La,Lam Dong

17 Du sam ®¸ v«I

Keteleeria fortunei (Murray) Carriere

400 -1600

Cao Bang, Lang Son

15 30-40 CR5

0 1 3 3 3 1 16

18 §inh Markhamia stipulata (Wall) Schum

The North 20 80 VU3

0 1 3 2 3 1 13

19 §Ønh tïng (PhØ)

Cephalotaxus hainanensis H.L.Li

600 -1500

Ba Vi, Lam Dong 20 80 VU 3

0 1 2 2 3 1 12 Ba Vi, DaLat

20 Gi¸ng h−¬ng tr¸i to

Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz

< 1000 Nghe An, Central Highland, South East

25 120 VU3

0 1 3 2 2 3 14 CentralHighland

21 Giæi xanh lia mediocris Dandy

Central Highland

30 150 VU 3

0 1 3 2 2 3 14 Phu Tho, Central Highland

Miche The North, Centre,

22 Gâ ®á (Cµ te)

Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib

300 - < 1000

Central Highland, The South

25 200 EN 4

0 1 3 2 2 3 15 Central Highland, The South

46

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) 23 Gâ mËt (Gô

mËt) Sindora siamensis Teysm.

< 900 Centre, The South 30 150 EN 4

0 1 3 2 2 3 15 The South

24 Gô biÓn Sindora siamensis var maritima

< 50 Centre, The South 15 40 EN 4

0 1 3 2 2 1 13

25 Hoµng ®µn Cupressus torulosa D. Don

200 -1200

Lang Son, Tuyen Quang

15 40 CR 5

0 1 3 3 3 1 16 Lang Son

26 Hoµng ®µn rñ

Cupressus funebris Endle

400 -1500

Ha Giang, Da Lat 15 40 CR 5

0 1 3 3 3 1 16 Da Lat

27 Hång quang

Rhodoleia championii Hook

200 -2500

Central Highland 25 80 VU 3

0 1 3 2 2 2 13 Da Lat

28 Hång tïng (Hoµng ®µn gi¶)

Dacrydium elatum Wall.ex Hook

500-1200

Yen Tu, Centre, Central Highland

25 80 VU 3

0 1 3 2 2 2 13 Bach Ma, Da Lat

29 KiÒn kiÒn Hopea pierrei Hance

Quang Binh to The South

40 80 VU 3

0 1 3 2 2 2 13

30 Kim giao Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel

50-1000

Cat Ba, Cuc Phuong

25 70 VU 3

0 1 3 2 2 2 13 Cat Ba, C. Phuong

31 Kim giao nam

Podocarpus wallichianus Presl

50-1000

The South 25 100 VU 3

0 1 3 2 3 1 13 Trang Bom

32 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss

20-1450

The North, Central Highland, Con Dao

30 150 EN 4

0 1 3 2 2 3 15 Son La, Nghe An

33 Lim xanh Erythrophleum fordii Oliv

< 400 The North, Centre, Binh Thuan

25-30 150 EN 4

0 1 3 2 1 3 14 Cau Hai, Tam Dao, Hoa Binh

34 M¹y chÊu Carya tonkinensis Lecomte

600 -1200

Son La 20-25 50-60 CR 5

2 1 1 3 3 1 16

35 Mì Ba V× Manglietia hainanensis Dandy

< 900 Ba Vi 20-25 50-60 VU 3

0 1 2 3 2 2 13 Ba Vi, Phu Tho

47

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) 36 Mun Diospyros mun

A. Chev. < 800 The North, Centre 15-20 50-60 CR

5 1 1 3 3 2 1 16 Lam Dong

37 Mun säc Diospyros salletti Lecomte.

The North, Centre CR 5

1 1 3 3 2 1 16

38 NghiÕn Excentrodendron tonkinense (Gagnep) Chang & Miau

The North 30 80 EN 4

0 1 3 2 3 1 14

39 P¬ mu Fokienia hodginsii Henry&Thomas

800 -2500

North West, Centre, Central Highland

25-35 200 VU 3

0 1 2 2 3 1 12 Lao Cai, Lam Dong

40 Rµng rµng mÝt


50 - 500

Phu Tho 20 80 NT 2

0 1 3 2 2 3 13 Cau Hai

41 Re h−¬ng (X¸ xÞ)

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Meisn

300-900

Centre, Central Highland

20-25 50-60 CR 5

0 1 3 2 3 2 16

42 Sa méc dÇu Cunninghamia konishii Hayata

1300 -2000

Nghe An, Thanh Hoa

60 320 CR 5

0 1 3 3 2 1 15

43 Sao l¸ h×nh tim

Hopea cordata Vidal

Cam Ranh 10 20 CR 5

2 1 1 3 3 1 16 Lam Dong, Bau Bang

44 Sao m¹ng Hopea reticulata Tardieu

< 400 Ca Na 10 20 CR 5

2 1 1 3 3 1 16

45 S¨ng ®µo Hopea ferrea Pierre

< 700 Central Highland, The South

25-35 80 NT 2

0 1 3 2 3 1 12

46 SÕn c¸t (SÕn mñ)

Shorea roxburghii G.Don


30 120 LC 1 0 1 3 2 1 3 11 Binh Thuan

47 SÕn mËt Madhuca pasquieri H.J.Lam

The North 30 100 NT 2

0 1 3 2 2 3 13 Cau Hai

48 S¬n ®µo Melanorrhoea usitata Wall


30 100 VU 3

0 1 3 2 3 1 13

48

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) 49 S¬n huyÕt Melanorrhoea

laccifera Pierre <1000 Central Highland,

The South 30 100 VU

3 0 1 3 2 3 1 13

50 Th«ng ®á L©m §ång

Taxus wallichiana Zucc

1400 -1500

Lam Dong, Central Highland

30 150 CR 5

0 1 3 3 3 3 18 Lam Dong

51 Th«ng ®á Pµ Cß

Taxus chinensis (Pilg) Rehd

600 -1400

The North 15 40 CR 5

0 1 1 3 3 2 15

52 Th«ng hai l¸ dÑt

Pinus krempfii Lecomte

1000 - 2000

Lam Dong 30 200 VU 3

2 1 1 3 3 1 14 Lam Dong

53 Th«ng 5 l¸ §µ L¹t

Pinus dalatensis de Ferre’

1500 - 2400

Lam Dong, Gia Lai 25 150 VU 3

2 1 2 3 2 2 15 Lam Dong

54 Th«ng Pµ Cß

Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang

1200 -1400

Hoa Binh, Ha Giang

15 80 EN 4

0 1 2 3 3 1 14

55 Th«ng tre Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don

North West, Centre of The North

20-25 50-70 VU 3

0 1 3 2 3 1 13 Ba Vi, Cau Hai, LDong

56 Th«ng tre l¸ ng¾n

Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw

500 -1600

North West, Centre of The North

10-15 20-30 VU 3

0 1 3 2 3 1 13

57 Thñy tïng Glyptostrobus pensilis K. Koch

700 Dac Lac 20-30 100 CR 5

0 1 3 3 3 1 16

58 Trai Nam Bé

Fagraea fragrans Roxb.

< 800 The South 20-30 150 VU 3

0 1 3 3 3 2 15

59 Trai lý Garcinia fragraeoides A. Chev.

< 900 North West 25 70-80 VU 3

0 1 3 2 3 1 13

60 Tr¾c d©y Dalbergia annamensis A. Chev.

Quang Nam to The South

7-10 20 EN 4

0 1 3 2 2 1 13 Lam Dong

61 Tr¾c nghÖ Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre

50 -1000

Quang Nam to The South

25-30 100 EN 4

0 1 3 3 2 3 16 Kon Tum

62 TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna Pierre

20 -700 All country 20 80 VU 3

0 1 3 2 2 3 14 Many places

49

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) 63 ¦¬i Scaphium

macropodum (Miq) Beumee ex K. Heyne

Cetral Highland, The South

25 80 NT 2

0 1 3 1 2 1 10

64 Vµng t©m Manglietia fordiana Oliv.

100 - 700


0 1 3 2 3 1 15 Cau Hai

65 Vï h−¬ng Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte

100-600


0 1 3 2 3 1 15

66 X¸ xÞ (Re lôc phÊn)

Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand. Mazz.

All country 20 100 EN 4

0 1 3 2 3 1 14

67 Xoay Dialium cochinchinensis Pierre

400 -1000

Centre 25 150 VU 3

0 1 3 1 2 1 11

50

Table 4b. Site conditions for planting priority species for special-used forests


No Vietnamese


Latitude Altitu-de

(m) a.s.l.

Rain fall (mm/yr)


(month)

Mean Mean temp. of the

hostted months

Mean temp. of the

coldesd months

Type of soil pH

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 1 B¸ch vµng Xanthocyparis

vietnamensis Farjon & Hiep

Feralite soils developed on limestone, fine texture, high moisture

2 B¸ch xanh Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz

900 - 1800

1666 – 1700

> 2000

11 - 14

< 16

Yeallow feralite soils developed on shale and sandstone, yeallow alit, humus alit soils developed on schists or granite, shallow to deep layers, deep litters

3 B¹ch tïng Podocarpus imbricatus Blume

Grows on rock mountains, loamy soils, deep layer, moist

4 CÈm lai Bµ RÞa

Dalbergia bariensis Pierre

< 900 Brown yeallow or yeallow red feralite soils developed on basalt, grey feralite soils developed on ancient alluvium, along the streams and rivers

5 C¨m xe Xylia xylocarpa Taub

Brown yeallow or yeallow red feralite soils developed on basalt, grey feralite soils developed on ancient alluvium, along the streams and rivers

6 Chai l¸ cong Shorea falcata Vidal Dense evergreen tropical forests in low lands, grows in sand-dunes, sandy soils along the sea shores.

51


100 -1200

+ Feralite soils developed on shale, limestone. + Prefers with deep layer and high moisture.

8 Chß ®·i Annamocarya sinensis J. Leroy

100 -600

Feralite soils developed on limestone, deep layer, high humus content, light to medium alkaline in the dense, evergreen tropical rain forests

4,7-

5,2

9 Chß ®en Parashorea stellata Kurz

300-800

Broadleaf forests, yeallow feralite soils on mountains with deep, moist layer

10 Chß n©u Dipterocarpus tonkinensis Chev.

< 300 + Red-yeallow, yeallow-red feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist, gneiss + Deep layer, well drainage.

11 DÇu bao Dipterocarpus baudii Korth

200 – 800

Soils developed on basalt

12 DÇu c¸t Dipterocarpus chartaceus Sym

<600 Sandy soils

13 DÇu ®ät tÝm Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco

< 700 Dense, evergreen tropical rain forests

14 DÇu song nµng

Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre

300 – 500

Dense, evergreen tropical rain forests

15 DÎ tïng säc n©u

Amentotaxus hatuyenensis Hiep et Vidal

1500 Soils developed on limestone mountains, dense or thin evergreen tropical rian forests

16 Du sam Keteleeria evelyniana Mast

500 -1600

Grows well on loamy soils in dense evergreen tropical rain forests

17 Du sam ®¸ v«i

Keteleeria fortunei (Murray) Carriere

400 -1600

Deep, moist soils on limestone mountains in dense, evergreen tropical rian forests

18 §inh Markhamia stipulata Grows in evergreen tropical

52

(Wall) Schum rian forests, low elevation 19 §Ønh tïng

(PhØ) Cephalotaxus hainanensis H.L.Li

600 -1500

Deep, moist soils in dense, evergreen tropical rian forests

20 Gi¸ng h−¬ng tr¸i to

Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz

<1000 Grows well on red yellow feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist; soil texture from light to medium loam

4-6

21 Giæi xanh Michelia mediocris Dandy

11 - 22 < 400 1.500 - 3.000

0 - 5 21 - 24

32 - 34 06 - 16 Grows on brown yellow soils developed on old alluvium; red soil developed on neutral and basic magma; red yellow soil developed on metamorphic rock, shale or acid magma; yellow soil on sandstone

4-7

22 Gâ ®á (Cµ te) Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib

< 1000

Red yeallow feralite soils developed on shale, sandy-loamy soils, deep layer, well drainage

23 Gâ mËt (Gô mËt)

Sindora siamensis Teysm.

< 900 1500 -3000

Feralite soils developed on granite, ancient alluvium; grey, brown loamy soils, deep layer, moist and high humus content, but can be grew on poor soils

4-6

24 Gô biÓn Sindora siamensis var maritima

Sandy soil on hills along the sea shores

25 Hoµng ®µn Cupressus torulosa D. Don

200 -1200

1300 -1600

20 - 21

Limestone mountains, tropical rain forests

26 Hoµng ®µn rñ Cupressus funebris Endle

400 -1500

Limestone mountains, tropical rain forests, low elevation

27 Hång quang Rhodoleia championii Hook

200 -2500

Tropical rain forests, virgin or secondary forests

53

28 Hång tïng, Hoµng ®µn gi¶

Dacrydium elatum Wall. ex Hook

500 -1200

Dense evergreen tropical moist forests, soils developed on basalt, fertile or unfertile

29 KiÒn kiÒn Hopea pierrei Hance Dense evergreen tropical moist forests, red yeallow feralite soils developed on acid and alkaline stones

30 Kim giao Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel

50 -1000

Dense evergreen tropical moist forests on limestone or loamy mountains

31 Kim giao nam

Podocarpus wallichiana (Presl) Kuntze

50 -1500

Dense evergreen tropical moist forests

32 L¸t hoa Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.

16 - 22°N

50 -1000

1.600 - 2.300

0 - 4 19 - 23

32 - 33 9 - 16 + Alluvial soil in the deltas, feralite soil developed on granite, limestones. Optimum: sandy-loamy mixed soil in delta, forest soil with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

5-7

33 Lim xanh Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv.

17 - 23°N

< 700 1.500 - 3.500

0 - 4 20 - 27

21 - 36 11 - 15 Red yellow feralite soils developed on granite, shale, mica-schist. Prefers moist, soft, humus soils

4-6

34 M¹y chÊu Carya tonkinensis Lecomte

600 -1200

Evergreen tropical forests, deep, moist, humus soils, well drainage

35 Mì Ba V× Manglietia hainanensis Dandy

<900 Soils developed on basalt, sandstone, deep layr, well drainage

36 Mun Diospyros mun A. Chev.

< 800 Grows on limestone mountains, feralite soils developed on schists, resists

54

to poor soil in the sea shores 37 Mun säc Diospyros salletti

Lecomte. Dense evergreen tropical rain

forests on limestone mountains, moist soils with high humus content

38 NghiÕn Excentrodendron tonkinense (Gagnep) Chang & Miau

< 700 Dense evergreen tropical rain forests on limestone mountains, moist soils with high humus content

39 P¬ mu Fokienia hodginsii Henry & Th

800 -2500

1200 - 2500

15 Yeallow, yeallowish-red feralite soils developed on granite, sandstone, alternative deep layer, fertile in the dense evergreen tropical rain forests

4-5

40 Rµng rµng mÝt


50 - 500

Yeallowish-red and red-yeallow feralite soils developed on shale, mica schist. Prefers deep layer, moist and fertile soils

41 Re h−¬ng (X¸ xÞ)

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Meisn

300 -900

Grows in dense evergreen tropical rain forests, deep layer, moist and well drainage soils

42 Sa méc dÇu Cunninghamia konishii Hayata

1300 -2000

1300 -2000

3 16 - 19

Prefers forest soils with deep layer, moist, high humus content

>5

43 Sao l¸ h×nh tim

Hopea cordata Vidal Sandy soil in sand dunes along the sea shores, tolerates to poor soils. Grows in dense evergreen tropical forests, low elevation

44 Sao m¹ng Hopea reticulata Tardieu

< 400 Arid, poor soils on hills

45 S¨ng ®µo Hopea ferrea Pierre < 700 Evergreen moist forests. Tolerate to dry, hot

55

conditions. Grows well along the streams, rivers on sandy soils, well drainage

46 SÕn c¸t (SÕn mñ)

Shorea roxburghii G. Don

Tolerates to poor, deteriorated, hot, dry soils, but grows well on deep layer, high humus content soils

47 SÕn mËt Madhuca pasquieri H.J.Lam

< 1300

Dense evergreen tropical rain forests on the low mountains. Prefers fertile, light acidity, deep layer, moist soils

48 S¬n ®µo Melanorrhoea usitata Wall

< 1200

Thin evergreen tropical rain forests, poor sandy soils

49 S¬n huyÕt Melanorrhoea laccifera Pierre

< 1200

Thin evergreen tropical rain forests, poor sandy soils

50 Th«ng ®á L©m §ång

Taxus wallichiana Zucc

1400 -1500

Evergreen tropical rain forests, soils developed on acid stones

51 Th«ng ®á Pµ Cß

Taxus chinensis (Pilg) Rehd

600 -1400

Evergreen tropical rain forests on the limestone mountains

52 Th«ng hai l¸ dÑt

Pinus krempfii Lecomte

1000 - 2000

Evergreen tropical rain forests, brown-black soil with humus layer 20-40cm thick

53 Th«ng n¨m l¸ §µ L¹t

Pinus dalatensis de Ferre’

1500 - 2400

Yeallow or grey-black soils, shallow layer developed on granite, shale. Grows in evergreen tropical rain forests

54 Th«ng Pµ Cß Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang

1200 -1400

On limestone mountains

55 Th«ng tre Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don

Evergreen tropical rain forests, limestone mountains

56 Th«ng tre l¸ ng¾n

Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw

500 -1600

Evergreen tropical rain forests, limestone mountains

56

57 Thñy tïng Glyptostrobus pensilis K. Koch

700 1713 4 23,4 25,7 20,8 Brown-red flooding soils developed on basalt and yeallow feralite soils developed on basalt

58 Trai Nam Bé Fagraea fragrans Roxb.

< 800 Grows in evergreen tropical rain forests, or sandy soils in the sea shores

59 Trai lý Garcinia fragraeoides A.Chev.

< 900 Evergreen tropical rain forests on limestone mountains, deep layer, moist and fertile

60 Tr¾c d©y Dalbergia annamensis A. Chev.

< 500 Tolerates to poor, dry soils

61 Tr¾c nghÖ Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre

50 - 1000

Grey, grey-yeallow ancient alluvial, deep layer, fertile soils in the dense evergreen tropical rain forests

62 TrÇm dã Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte

08 - 22°N

20 -700

1.900 - 2.500

0 - 6 24 - 28

29 - 31 11 - 22 + Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, shale. Optimum: forest soil with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm

4-7

63 ¦¬i Scaphium macropodum (Miq) Beumee ex K.Heyne

Evergreen tropical rain forests

64 Vµng t©m Manglietia fordiana Oliv.

100 -700

Evergreen tropical rain forests, prefers acid, moist and fertile soils

65 Vï h−¬ng Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte

100 -600

Yeallow or yeallow red feralite soils developed on mica-schist, gneiss, high humus content, well drainage

57

58

66 X¸ xÞ ( Re lôc phÊn)

Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand. Mazz.

Evergreen tropical rain forests

67 Xoay Dialium cochinchinensis Pierre

400 -1000

~2000 > 20 Brown-red feralite soils developed on basalt, granite, ancieat alluvium with deep layer in the evergreen forests or secondary forests

Part V

Introduction to major important species for planting programmes in Vietnam

Major important species for planting programmes: Selected provenances and planting regions

Planting Regions Species / Provenance NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 1. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh

Laura River Qld xx xx xxx xxx xx Morehead River Qld xx xx xxx xxx xx Kennedy River Qld x xx xx xxx xx 2. Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.

Sirinumu PNG x xx xx xxx xx Oro Bay PNG x xx xx xxx xx Mt. Molloy Qld xx x xx xx 3. Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake

Lembata x xxx xx xx Waikui xx xx xx x x x Egon vµ Lewotubi xx xx xx x xxx x U6, PN14 xxx xx xx xx xx xx xxx Hybrids UU, GU xxx xx xx xx xx xxx xxx Ba Vi, Van Xuan xxx xx xx xx xx x 4. Machilus odoratissima Nees

Local Sources xx xxx 5. Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G.Don

Ho Chi Minh City x x xxx xxx Seed Production Areas x xx x 6. Anacardium occidentale L.

Selected grafts xx xx xxx 7. Rhizophora apiculata Blume

Can Gio, Ca Mau x xxx xxx 8. Michelia mediocris Dandy

Local Sources xx xx xx 9. Illicium verum Hook Van Quan (Lang Son) xxx 10. Tarrietia javanica Blume

Local Sources xx 11. Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn. ex Benth.

Dimisisi PNG xx xxx xxx xx xxx xx Deri-Deri PNG xxx xx xxx xx xxx xx Morehead R. PNG xx xx xx xxx xx Benbach PNG xx xx xxx xx

60

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 12. A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth

Mibini PNG xx xxx Morehead R PNG xx x x xx Coen R. Qld x xx xxx xx xx xxx Wenlock R. Qld xx x Kings Plains Qld x xx xx x x xxx Manton R. LT x x xx Goodmadeer R NT xx x x xxx Ba Vi xx x xx x x Dong Ha xx xx x xx 13. A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth x A. mangium Wild.

BV10, BV16, V32 xx x xxx xxx x xx xxx x BV33, V71, BV75 TB6, TB12 xx xx xx x 14. Acacia mangium Pongaki PNG x x xx xx xx Deri-Deri PNG x x x x xx xxx Oriomo PNG x xx xxx Bimadeum PNG x x xxx Ingham Qld x xx Cardwell Qld xxx Pascoe R Qld xxx Ba Vi xx xx x xx xx 15. Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.

Udomxay (Laos) xx x xx x xx Son La xx x xx x x Tuyen Quang xx xx x x Thanh Hoa x xx xx x 16. Dendrocalanus membranceus Munro

Thanh Hoa x xx x xxx xxx xx Cau Hai x xxx xx xxx x 17. Casuarina equisetifolia Forst & Forst f

601 and 701 xxx xxx x xx xx Central Regions xx xx xx xx 18. Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl.

Yen Bai xxx xx x Tra My xx 19. Hopea odorata Roxb.

HCMC xxx xxx xx Dong Nai xxx xxx xx 20. Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon

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(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Hoang Su Phi HG xxx x xx Simao China xxx x x Doi Suthep, Thailand xxx Th¸c Prenn Da Lat xx Xu©n Tho Da Lat xx x x x 21. Pinus caribaea Morelet

Poptun Guatemala xxx xx xx xxx xx xx xxx Cardwell Qld xx xx xx xx x xx xxx Dong Ha xx xx xx Dai Lai xxx xx xxx xx xx xx xx Ba Vi xxx xx xx xx xx xx xx 22. Pinus massoniana Lamb.

Tam Dao xxx x xx Loc Binh xxx x

23. Pinus merkusii Jungh.et de Vries

Local sources x xx xxx xx 24. Melaleuca cajuputi Powell

Bensbach PNG x xx xx xxx Wangi NT x xx xx xxx Long An VN x x x xxx Phu Quoc VN x x xxx 25. Melaleuca leucadendrra (L.) L.

Weipa Qld x xx xxx Lawrence Qld xxx Cambridge WA xxx Proserpine Qld xx xxx xx Rifle Cr. Qld x xx xx Ba Vi VN xx xxx xx Long An VN x xx xxx 26. Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.

Local sources xxx xx xx xx 27. Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte

Local Sources x x xx x xx x 28. Melia azedarach L. Local Sources x xx x xxx x

• Notes:

- Very adaptable: xxx, - Adaptable:xx, - Less adaptable:x

62

Vietnamese name: B¹ch ®µn tr¾ng caman Scientific name: Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh • Some main characteristics: A big tree, in its native region can reach 60m in hight and up to 3.6m in diameter. Bole straight. Bark grey-white, or greenish-grey and glabrous, splitted into thin pieces. Near the base, bark is longitudinally fissured and not splitted. Young branchlets red, slender, pendulous. Leaves simple, alternate. Flowers medium-sized, with small pedicel. Sepals connate at the base into hemisphere, on which seated petals operculiform, same length as the calyx-tube, tip of operculum pointed. Fruit hemispherical, 0.7-0.8cm long and 0.5-0.6cm wide, opening by 3 triangular valves. • Natural distribution: - Originated from Australia and widely distributed in tropical zones. The tree is

planted in many countries in the world. In vietnam, this species has been imported for planting for a long time in low hilly areas from the North to the South.

- Latitude: 120 - 380 S - Altitude: 20 - 700m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 250mm - 1200mm. - Mean annual temperature: 200 - 270 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 290 - 330 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 110 - 200 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 8 - 200 N - Altitude: < 500m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm – 2500mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): > 5 months + Mean annual temperature: 240 - 280 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 140 - 220 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on schists, shale. Optimum: Sandy-loamy mixed soil, well drainage. + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 60 cm + pH: 4 - 7 + Limited slope: < 150, optimum: flat land (00)

• Uses: - Main uses: Wood reddish, grains fine. Hardness and density medium (0.5-0.7),

annual rings obscure and irregular in distance, easily curved. Can be used in

63

underwater construction, paper pulp, furniture, bridge-building, for sleepers, electric posts, planks and normal implements.

- Suitable levels to uses (very suitable: xxx, suitable: xx, less suitable: x)

+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xxx Timber and construction: x Veneered wood: Furniture: x Staked wood: Mining pole: xx Fire wood: xx

+ Non-timber products: + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: Wind-break: xx Bee-feeding: xx • Increment rate/ productivity: 12 - 15 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Scattered, concentrated plantation • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Laura River Qld xx xx xxx xxx xx Morehead River Qld xx xx xxx xxx xx Kennedy River Qld x xx xx xxx xx

Notes:

- NW: North West - CN: Centre of the North - NE: North East - RR: Red River Delta - NC: North Centre - SC: South Centre - CH: Central Highland - SE: South East - SW: South West (Mekong River Delta) - xxx: Very adaptable - xx: Adaptable - x: Less adaptable

64

Vietnamese name: B¹ch ®µn tr¾ng tªrª Scientific name: Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith. • Some main characteristics: A woody evergreen tree, 20-30m, sometimes reach 45-50m in hight and 25-30cm (up to 100cm) in diameter. Bark grey, smooth. Leaves oval, rather long and curved.. Flowers white. Seeds small-sized, brown. • Natural distribution: - Originated in Australia (from Victoria to Queensland) and Papua New Guinea.

The tree is planted in many countries in the world. In vietnam, this species has been imported for planting for a long time in low hilly areas from the North to the South.

- Latitude: 80 - 380 S - Altitude: under 1000m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 500mm - 3000mm. - Mean annual temperature: 240 - 290 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 240 - 360 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 50 - 190 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 8 - 200 N - Altitude: < 500m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:


- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Sandy-loamy mixed, loamy soils, well drainage. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm + pH: 4 - 6 + Limited slope: < 150, optimum: flat land (00)

• Uses: - Main uses: Sapwood light yeallow, heartwood red, grains fine. Density 0.6-0.8.

Can be used in construction, furniture, paper pulp and normal implements. - Suitable levels to uses (very suitable: xxx, suitable: xx, less suitable: x)

+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xxx Timber and construction: x Veneered wood: Furniture: xx

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Staked wood: Mining pole: xx Fire wood: xx



Region Provenance NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Sirinumu PNG x xx xx xxx xx Oro Bay PNG x xx xx xxx xx Mt. Molloy Qld xx x xx xx

Notes:


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Vietnamese name: B¹ch ®µn ur« Scientific name: Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake • Some main characteristics: A big, evergreen tree, 20-25m in hight (can be reached 40-45m) and up to 1m or more in diameter. Trunk straight, high bole (10-15m). Bark grey-brown, slightly longitudinally fissured. • Natural distribution: - Originated from Indonesia, major distributed in islands: Timor, Wetar, Alor,

Flores, Adonara, Lomblen and Pentar. The tree is planted in many countries in the world. In vietnam, this species has been imported for planting in low hilly areas from the North to the South.

- Latitude: 70 - 100 S - Altitude: 300 - 1100m a.s.l (Alor, Flores, Adonara, Lomblen and Pentar),

sometimes grow at the elevation of 1000 - 2900m a.s.l (Timor). • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1300mm - 2200mm. - Mean annual temperature: 180 - 230 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 270 - 320 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 80 - 120 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 13 - 220 N - Altitude: 100 - 1500m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:


- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on schists, shale. Optimum: Sandy-loamy mixed soil, deep, high moisture, but well drainage. + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 4 - 6 + Limited slope: < 200, optimum: flat land (00)

• Uses: - Main uses: Wood brown, density 0.54-0.57, grains fine. Can be used in

construction, furniture and paper pulp. - Suitable levels to uses (very suitable: xxx, suitable: xx, less suitable: x)

+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xxx Timber and construction: x

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Veneered wood: Furniture: xx Staked wood: Mining pole: xx Fire wood: x



Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Lambata x xxx xx xx Waikui xx xx xx x x x Egon vµ Lewotubi xx xx xx x xxx x U6, PN14 xxx xx xx xx xx xx xxx Hybrids of UU & GU xxx xx xx xx xx xxx xxx

Notes:


68

Vietnamese name: Bêi lêi ®á (Kh¸o vµng) Scientific name: Machilus odoratissima Nees. • Some main characteristics: A medium or large-sized tree, up to 30-35m in hight and 40-60cm in diameter. Trunk straight with few branches. Crown small. Bark greyish-white with numerous lenticels. Inner bark yeallowish, 8-10mm thick, aromatic. Twigs brownish, glabrous. Leaves simple, alternate, coriaceous, lanceolate, 12cm long and 3.5cm wide, tip slightly acute, base cuneate, glabrous on both surfaces. Lateral veins 7-10 pairs. Petiole lanky, 7-15mm long. Inflorescence in a panicle, equal or longer than the leaf, tomentose at rachis-base. Flowers yeallowish, bisexual. Perianth 6 lobes, equal, oblong, shortly tomentose outside. Stamens 9, in 3 circles, 6 outer stamens without glands, 3 inner ones biglandular at the base. Anthers 4-locular. Staminodes 3. Ovary globose and glabrous, style long, stima globose or subglobose. Fruit globose, 10-12mm in diameter, calyx persistent and spreading, blackish-violet when mature, covered with white powder. Fruit pedicel. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in whole country, concentrated in Gia Lai, Kon Tum. - Latitude: 80 - 220 N - Altitude: 50 - 400m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm - 2500mm. - Mean annual temperature: 220 - 270 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 100 - 150 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 12 - 220 N - Altitude: 20 - 400m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1900mm – 2500mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): May - October (or August - January) + Mean annual temperature: 220 - 270 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 100 - 150 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on basalt, schists, rhiolite. Optimum: forest soil developed on basalt, schists. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 80 cm + pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 4 -5 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 150

• Uses: - Main uses: Timber with distinctive heartwood and sapwood: Heartwood

yeallowish, sapwood white, rather durable and heavy (density 0.87), easy to

69

work, rather resistant to termites and insects, used in construction or in precious furniture-making.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: x Veneered wood: x Furniture: xx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood:

+ Non-timber products: Bark makes incenses. + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: Wind-break: • Increment rate/ productivity: 10 - 12 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: 1-2 ha in the gardens or around the houses. • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Local seed sources xx xxx

Notes: - NW: North West - CN: Centre of the North - NE: North East - RR: Red River Delta - NC: North Centre - SC: South Centre - CH: Central Highland - SE: South East - SW: South West (Mekong River Delta) - xxx: Very adaptable - xx: Adaptable - x: Less adaptable

70

Vietnamese name: DÇu r¸i (DÇu n−íc) Scientific name: Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. • Some main characteristics: A very big tree, 35-45m in hight and 60-100cm or more in diameter. Trunk cylindricle, straight. Crown umbellate, late branched. Branches big. Twigs coarse. Bark white-grey. Inner bark yeallowish-brown, resinous. Leaves simple, alternate, ovate or oblong-ovate, elliptic, 20-25cm long, 10-15cm wide, slightly acute, dark green above, pale green beneath, tomentose. Lateral veins 10-20 pairs, parallel, evident beneath. Bud-stipule large, red, covered with tomentum. Inflorescence is a whitr-pink raceme. Flowers pentamenrous (sepals 5, petals 5). Stamens about 30, arranged in 2 rings. Fruit big, 1.5-2cmin diameter with 2 big wings, developed from sepals, 11-14cm long and 1.5-2cm wide, red when young and yeallowish-brown when mature. One seed. • Natural distribution: - A rather common species of the Dipterocarpaceae family in Southeast asian

countries, distributed from India, Myanmar, Thaland, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam to Indonesia and the Philippines. In Vietnam, found from Quang Nam-Da Nang and Southwards, most commonly in Dong Nai, Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, Ba Ria-Vung Tau provinces, often growing gregariously in small pure stands along streams and river banks.

- Latitude: 00 - 160 N - Altitude: under 800m a.s.l, mainly 100 - 400 m. • Climatic conditions in original area (Vietnam): - Mean annual rainfall: 1800mm - 2500mm. - Mean annual temperature: 250 - 270 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 180 - 220 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 8 - 190 N - Altitude: 100 - 600m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1800mm – 2500mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): > 5 months, optimum 6-7 months + Mean annual temperature: 250 - 280 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 180 - 220 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on alluvial and ancient alluvium + Soil layer depth: > 100 cm, optimum: > 150 cm + pH: 3.5 -5, optimum: 4 -5 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 150

71

• Uses: - Main uses: Wood rather hard with a density of 0.7 and fine grains, easy to saw

and polish. Used in light construction, for furniture and household implements. Its resin used in painting industry and for burning. It is a very common shade tree in Ho Chi Minh City and many towns of Southern provinces.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: xxx Veneered wood: Furniture: xxx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood:

+ Non-timber products: Resin + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: Wind-break: • Increment rate/ productivity: > 10 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation or along the roads, streets. • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Hochiminh City x x x xxx xxx SPAs x x xx x


72

Vietnamese name: §iÒu (§µo lén hét) Scientific name: Annacardium occidentale L. • Some main characteristics: A small or medium-sized tree, up to 6-25m in hight and 30-45cm in diameter. Early branched. Crown globose, dense, dark green. Bark greyish-brown and rough with abundant warts. Leaves simple, alternate, obovate, 9-15cm long, 6-8cm wide. Flowers polygamous. Fruits developed from the swollen and juicy receptacle, pyriform, yeallow or red. Seed white, contains oil and starch. • Natural distribution: - Originates from South America, widely cultivated into plantations in Vietnam,

Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Srilanca, India etc. In Vietnam, it is cultivated from Quang Nam to Phu Quoc island. A light-demanding tree, suitable for distribution from the 15 parallel and Southward.

- Latitude: 200 N - 200 S - Altitude: 5 - 250 m. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 700mm - 3100mm. - Mean annual temperature: 240 - 280 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 200 - 220 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 8 - 150 N - Altitude: 5 - 600m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 700mm – 3100mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): May - October + Mean annual temperature: 250 - 270 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 360 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 190 - 220 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils in the hills, sandy-loamy mixed soils in sea shore + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 3 - 6, optimum: 4.5 - 5 + Limited slope: < 100, optimum: < 50

• Uses: - Main uses: The wood is red-brown, hard, but crooked. It is used for huts, sheds

and production of charcoal. Old fruit rich in water, sugar and vitamine C, edible in fresh or as a salad. Also used in production of alcohol. The real fruit are rich in oil, processed to make water-protection to apply as cover over paint. Seeds are rich in starch and sugar, oil, tasty with good smell. Can be used to make high quality cake and candy.

73

- Suitable levels to uses (very suitable: xxx, suitable: xx, less suitable: x) + Timber products:

Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: Veneered wood: Furniture: xx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: x

+ Non-timber products: Seed as food: xxx + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: Wind-break: xx • Increment rate/ productivity: • Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation or around the houses • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Tested Grafts xx xx xxx


74

Vietnamese name: §−íc (§−íc ®«i) Scientific name: Rhizophora apiculata Bl. • Some main characteristics: A tree, 10-20m high, especially in mangrove forests of the South, there trees with large size of 30-35m in hight and 60-70cm in diameter. Bark grey, thick, longitudinally fissured. Branches rough. Stilt-roots numerous at the base, fishpot-shaped, 1-2m high. Leaves simple, opposite, 10-16cm long and 2.5-6cm wide. Leaf-blade thick, stiff, glosy, lanceolate or oval, apex acute, base cuneate. Midrib red, obvious beneath, lateral veins inconspicuos. Flowers at axil of fallen leaves, usually 2 flowers in a cyme with a pedicel shorter than the pediole. Fruit pyriform-like, 2-2.5cm long, brown, pendulous; propogule cylindrical, green, swollen at the base, 15-20cm long, pinkish-green when mature. • Natural distribution: - Mainly distributed in tropical coastal regions of the Northern hemisphere. In

Vietnam, R. apiculata is one of the main components of mangrove, usually being dominant, or growing into nearly pure stands. Prefers sandy mudflats along the coast of the South, or at river mouth, such as Ca Mau, Bac Lieu and the estuary of Dong Nai river.

- Latitude: 80 - 110 N - Altitude: Sandy mudflats along the coast • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1800mm - 2400mm. - Mean annual temperature: 260 - 280 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 300 - 330 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 230 - 250 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 8 - 110 N and some locations along the coastal areas in the North - Altitude: Sandy mudflats along the coast - Climatic conditions:


- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Sandy mudflats soil, fertile and frequently affected by tide + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm + pH: 2 - 5, optimum: 3 - 4 + Limited slope: 3 - 40, optimum: 00

• Uses: - Main uses: Wood is pinkish, heartwood the drrkest. Wood hard, heavy, easy to

work when fresh. Can be used in construction, for furniture and pit props.

75

Rather durable in dry conditions. Previously, it was much used for burning charcoal, yielding high calorific output and little smoke. Bark is rich in tannin, used in dyeing and tanning.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: xx Veneered wood: Furniture: Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood and charcoal: xxx

+ Non-timber products: Tannin: xxx + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: x Wind-break: xx Wave prevention: xxx • Increment rate/ productivity: 10 - 13 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated forests along the coast of the sea. • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Can Gio, Ca Mau x xxx xxx


76

Vietnamese name: Giæi xanh Scientific name: Michelia mediocris Dandy • Some main characteristics: A large evergreen tree, 25-30m in hight and 70-80cm in diameter. Trunk straight, cylindrical. Bark grey. Inner bark brownish-yeallow, with stinking smell. Twigs tomentose, leaving stipule scars and bearing scattered round lenticels. Leaves simple, alternate, irregularly fixed on branches, leaf-blade coriaceous, glabrous, 8-20 cm long and 5.5cm wide, oblong-ovate, tip with a short point, base round or cuneate. Flower-bud enclosed by 3 caducous bracts. Flower solitary , terminal or opposite feaf. Pedicel 3-3.5cm long, tomentose. Fruit compound, 10cm long when mature; follicle oblong-ovate, 22mm long and 13mm wide, with many atomata, dechiscing by a cover. Light-demanding and rather fast-growing species. Natural and coppice-regeneration are good under thin forest cover. Flowering in April, fruiting in October. • Natural distribution: - An endemic species to Vietnam, distributed in hilly or mountainous regions, in

dense primary or secondary tropical and sub-tropical evergreen forests of Northern and Central provinces, such as: Lao Cai, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Kon Tum, Gia Lai. Usually mixed with Michelia faveolata, Pelthophorum ferrugineum and Aglaia gigantea, sometimes forming a dominant stand.

- Latitude: 110 - 220 N - Altitude: under 400m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1800mm - 2900mm. - Mean annual temperature: 210 - 240 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 60 - 160 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 11 - 220 N - Altitude: 400 - 1000m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm – 2900mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): March - November + Mean annual temperature: 210 - 240 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 270 - 330 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 60 - 160 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on schists. Optimum: Forest soils with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 4 - 7 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 150

77

• Uses: - Main uses: Sap-wood and heartwood distinctive, the latter is yeallow. Timber

very hard, fine grains, easy to work, rarely curved or spitted after seasoning and resistant to termites and insects. Used in construction, boat and furniture-making. Seed perfurmed, used as a spice and as medicaments for fever and bellyache.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: xx Veneered wood: xx Furniture: xxx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: x

+ Non-timber products: Seed perfurmed, used as a spice and as medicaments for fever and bellyache.

+ For other purposes: Soil improvement:: Wind-break: • Increment rate/ productivity: 12 - 15 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Enrichment of natural forests or plant under secondary

forest's foliage. • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Local seed sources xx xx xx

Notes: - NW: North West - CN: Centre of the North - NE: North East - RR: Red River Delta - NC: North Centre - SC: South Centre - CH: Central Highland - SE: South East - SW: South West (Mekong River Dalta) - xxx: Very adaptable - xx: Adaptable - x: Less adaptable

78

Vietnamese name: Håi (§¹i håi) Scientific name: Illicium verum Hook • Some main characteristics: A small tree, 6-8m in hight, sometimes over 10-15m, with a diameter up to 15-30cm. Trunk straight, terete. Bark grey-brown, branchlets green, glabrous; crown conicle to globose, looking beautiful. All parts of tree have an agreeable aromatic smell. Leaves simple, usually clustered at branch-tips into pseudoverticils of 3-4 leaves. Leaves entire, 6-12cm long, 2.5-5cm wide, oval or ovate, tapering towards both ends, apex obtuse or acute, base cuneate. Flowers big, pink-white, solitary and axillary. Fruit consists of 6-8 (rarely 13) follicles, spreading, woody and brown when mature, dehiscent by the ventral side. Seed solitary in each follicle, brown or rufous, glosy and glabrous. Flowering twice a year: First time from February to March, fruiting from June to August, and second time in August-October (fruiting in February-March of the following year). • Natural distribution: - Lang Son (Vietnam) and South of China. - Latitude: 220 - 230 N - Altitude: 50 - 300m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm - 2000mm. - Mean annual temperature: 210 - 220 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 300 - 310 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 90 - 110 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 21 - 220 N - Altitude: 50 - 300m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:


- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Red, brown-red or yeallow feralite soils, developed from schist-sandstone with deep, fertile and well drained soils. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 4 - 5 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 150

• Uses: - Main uses: Wood is fragrant. Used for houses, pillars and furniture. Fruits,

leaves and seeds have essential oil, which is used in medicine and relished in food-industry.

79


Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: Veneered wood: Furniture: x Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: x

+ Non-timber products: Seed perfurmed, used as a spice and as medicaments for fever and bellyache.

+ For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: Wind-break: Erosion prevention: x • Increment rate/ productivity: • Mode of planting • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Van Quan (Lang Son)

xxx


80

Vietnamese name: Huûnh Scientific name: Tarrietia javanica Bl. • Some main characteristics: An evergreen, large-sized tree, up to 45m high and 100-150cm in diameter, branchless to hight of 20-25m. Trunk cylindrical, with thin buttresses. Bark white-greyish, exuding latex. Crown dense. Leaves alternate, palmately compound. Leaflets 3-7,obovoid, usually scaled beneath and with tufts of hairs at axils of secondary veins. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, 13cm long, much branched, stellate hairy at tip. Flower unisexual. Fruit a globose nut with woody wall, has an apical ridge enlarging into a wing. Flowering in January-February, fruiting in June-July. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam. In Vietnam, met in

dense tropical evergreen forests of lowland areas. Concentrated in Quang Binh province (Le Thuy, Tuyen Hoa, Quang Ninh districts).

- Latitude: 170 - 180 N - Altitude: 150 - 400m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 2000mm - 2400mm. - Mean annual temperature: 230 - 250 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 150 - 180 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 17 - 190 N - Altitude: 100 - 400m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 2000mm – 2300mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): August - December + Mean annual temperature: 230 - 260 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 300 - 350 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 150 - 200 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist, with deep and rich in humus. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 4 - 6 + Limited slope: < 250

• Uses: - Main uses: Wood large, hard and durable with density of 0.9-1.1. Sapwood

brown, heartwood dark brown, grain fine and nicely figured, well resistant to fungi, termites and salty water. One of the valuable woods of high quality furniture, cabinet work, windows and door frame, stairs, sleepers, barrels and

81

ship and boat-building. It can be used for exterior implements, such as telegraph and power-line electric ppoles, bridges and machine accessories.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: xxx Veneered wood: Furniture: xxx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: x


Soil improvement:: Wind-break: • Increment rate/ productivity: 10 - 13 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Enrichment of natural forests, scattered around houses or

concentrated plantation. • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Local seed sources xx

Notes:


82

Vietnamese name: Keo l¸ liÒm Scientific name: Acacia crassicarpa A.Cunn. ex Benth • Some main characteristics: A evergreen tree, 20-30m in hight. Bark greyish-brown, deeply longitudinally fissured. Leaves curved, simple, green-grey. Fruit woody hard, brown. Seeds black, 6mm x 3mm in size. • Natural distribution: - Originated from Australia (North East of Queensland), South-West Papua New

Guinea, Indonesia (South West Irian Jaya). In Vietnam, it is planted in some South Central provinces.

- Latitude: 80 - 200 S - Altitude: 5 - 450m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1000mm - 3500mm. - Mean annual temperature: 240 - 280 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 120 - 210 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 8 - 190 N - Altitude: 3 - 200m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm – 2300mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): 6 months + Mean annual temperature: 230 - 280 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 130 - 230 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Many kinds of soils: coastal sandy soil, yeallowish red basalt, sediment, ancient alluvium. + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 70 cm + pH: 4 - 6, optimum: 5 - 6 + Limited slope: < 200, optimum: < 150

• Uses: - Main uses: Sapwood is light brown, heartwood yeallowish-red, density 0.72.

Used in house-building, boat-building, for furniture, veneered wood. - Suitable levels to uses (very suitable: xxx, suitable: xx, less suitable: x)

+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: xx Ship-building: xx Veneered wood: xx

83

Furniture: xxx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: xx


Soil improvement:: xxx Wind-break: xx Erosion prevention: xx • Increment rate/ productivity: 30 - 40 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Dimisisi PNG xx xxx xxx xx xxx xx Deri-Deri PNG xxx xx xxx xx xxx xx Morehead R. PNG xx xx xx xxx xx Benbach PNG xx xx xxx xx

Notes:


84

Vietnamese name: Keo l¸ trµm Scientific name: Acacia aurculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth • Some main characteristics: A large, evergreen tree, 25-30m in hight and up to 60-80cm in diameter with a bole 12-15m high. Crown large and dark green. Bark black-grey, deeply longitudinally fissured, 2-3mm thick. Inner bark 7-9mm thick, white-grey. Young branches slightly depressed, angular, glabrous and green. Leaves simple, alternate. Fruit a thin compressed pod, 7-8cm long and 1.2-1.4cm wide, glabrous. Seeds 5-7. Fruit-stalk 1.2cm long. • Natural distribution: - Originated from Australia, nowadays widely planted in Vietnam, Indonesia,

Malaysia, Sri Lanka and India. In Vietnam, it is planted in many provinces from the North to the South, mainly concentrated from Quang Nam to Kien Giang.



- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Many kinds of soils: coastal sandy soil, yeallowish red basalt, sediment, ancient alluvium. + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 50 cm + pH: 3 - 9, optimum: 4.5 - 6.5 + Limited slope: < 300, optimum: < 150

• Uses: - Main uses: Timber large-sized and straight. Wood is white-yeallow with

inconspicuous ribs. Density 0.5-0.7. Used in house-building, for furniture, boxes and carriage-making and for paper pulp. The tree is planted for shading and wind break in nurseries and also as a shade tree along streets and road sides.


85

+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xxx Timber and construction: x Veneered wood: x Furniture: xxx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: xx


Soil improvement:: xxx Wind-break: xx Erosion prevention: xxx • Increment rate/ productivity: 30 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Mibini - PNG xx xxx Morehead R - PNG xx x x xx Coen R. Qld x xx xxx xx xx xxx Wenlock R. Qld xx x Kings Plains Qld x xx xx x x xxx Manton R. NT x x xx Goomadeer R. NT xx x x xxx Seed Stand Ba Vi xx x xx x x Seed Stand D. Ha xx xx x xx

Notes:


86

Vietnamese name: Keo lai (gi÷a Keo tai t−îng vµ Keo l¸ trµm) Scientific name: Acacia mangium Wild. x Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. • Some main characteristics: A evergreen tree, 25-30m in hight and up to 30-40cm in diameter. Trunk straight, with a bole high. Bark grey, slightly longitudinally fissured. Leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds are intermediate characteristics between A. mangium and A. auriculiformis. Grows faster than A. mangium and A. auriculiformis. • Natural distribution: - Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, India and some other

countries in Pacific-Asia. - Altitude: 5 - 300m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1300mm - 2500mm. - Mean annual temperature: 230 - 270 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 310 - 340 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 150 - 220 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 8 - 220 N - Altitude: 5 - 500m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:


- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Many kinds of soils: coastal sandy soil, feralite soils developed on schists, shale, alluvium and ancient alluvium. + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 60 cm + pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 5 - 6 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 150

• Uses: - Main uses: Sapwood grey-white, heartwood light brown, density 0.56-0.63.

Mostly used for paper pulp. The tree has been planting widely in Vietnam. - Suitable levels to uses (very suitable: xxx, suitable: xx, less suitable: x)

+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xxx Timber and construction: xx Veneered wood: xx Furniture: xx

87

Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: xx


Soil improvement:: xxx Wind-break: xx Erosion prevention: Bee-feeding: xx • Increment rate/ productivity: 40 - 45 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW BV10, BV16, BV32, BV33, BV 71, BV75,

xx x xxx xxx x xx xxx x

TB6, TB12 xx xx xx x

Notes:


88

Vietnamese name: Keo tai t−îng Scientific name: Acacia mangium Willd. • Some main characteristics: A large, evergreen tree, 30m in hight. Trunk straight, bole 12-15m high. Bark rough, greyish-brown to brown, deeply longitudinally fissured. Leaves simple, large, 25cm long and 8-10cm wide. Flowers white. Fruit twisted. Seeds black, oval, 3-5mm long and 2-3mm wide. • Natural distribution: - Originated from Australia (Queensland), Papua New Guinea (Western

province), Indonesia (Irian Jaya and Maluku). In Vietnam, it is planted in many provinces from the North to the South.



- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Alluvia soil, coastal sandy soil, ancient alluvium. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm + pH: 3.8 - 6.5.,optimum: 5 - 6 + Limited slope: < 2500, optimum: < 150

• Uses: - Main uses: Heartwood yeallowis-brown, sapwood light, density 0.42-0.48. Used

for paper pulp, veneered wood. The tree is planted for shading and wind break and also as a invironmental improvement tree.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xx Timber and construction: x Veneered wood: x

89

Furniture: Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood:


Soil improvement:: xxx Wind-break: xx Erosion prevention: xx • Increment rate/ productivity: 35 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Pongaki PNG x x xx xx xx Deri-Deri PNG x x x x xx xxx Oriomo PNG x xx xxx Bimadebum PNG x x xxx Ingham Qld x xx Cardwell Qld xxx Pascoe R Qld xxx SS Ba Vi (1) xx xx x xx xx

(1) Provenance Pongaki


90

Vietnamese name: L¸t hoa Scientific name: Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss • Some main characteristics: A big tree, 30m in hight and up to 100cm in diameter. Trunk straight, with arge buttresses. Branches dense. Bark blackish, lenticellate, shortly reddish tomentose. Leaves paripinate-compound. Flowers hermaphrodite, yeallowish, 1.5cm long. Fruit elliptic, slightly mucronate at tip, 4-4.5cm long and 2.5-3.5cm wide, many seeds piled up in each fruit-locule. Seed 1-1.2cm long and 0.4cm wide, endosperm absent. Flowering in July, fruiting in December or January the followinf year. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Hoa Binh, Phu Tho, Tuyen Quang,

Lang Son, Son La, Lai Chau etc. provinces. The tree usally ocurres on limestone mountains, mixed with: Pentace tonkinensis, Garcinia spp., Amoora gigantea and Dracontemelum dupperreanum. Light-demanding when mature, shade-demanding when young, slow-growing byt long-living.


+ Mean annual rainfall: 1600mm – 2300mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): May - October or October - February (Central provinces) + Mean annual temperature: 190 - 230 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 330 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 90 - 160 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Alluvial soil in the deltas, feralite soil developed on granite, limestones. Optimum: Sandy-loamy mixed soil in delta, forest soil wihith deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 6 - 7 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 150

• Uses:

91

- Main uses: Wood hard and heavy (density 0.75-0.80), valuable,sapwood pinkish, heartwood copper-res; veins handsome, fine grains. Used in construction and furniture-making. An endangered in Vietnam.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: x Veneered wood: Furniture: xxx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood:


Soil improvement:: x Wind-break: • Increment rate/ productivity: 10 - 15 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation or scattered trees around the

houses and gardens • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Udomxay (Laos) xx x xx x xx Son La xx x xx x x Tuyen Quang xx xx x x Thanh Hoa x xx xx x

Notes:


92

Vietnamese name: Luång Scientific name: Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro. • Some main characteristics: Growing in groups, 8-20m in hight and 10-12cm in diameter. Shoots sprout in April - May. Fast-growing species. It can be harvested at 5 years old. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Hoa Binh, Ha Tinh. The species has been

planting widely in many provinces throughout Vietnam. - Latitude: 190 - 210 N - Altitude: under 300m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1800mm - 2300mm. - Mean annual temperature: 230 - 240 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 130 - 150 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 10 - 210 N - Altitude: < 300m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1800mm – 2300mm + Rainy season (≥100 mm/month): May - October or September - February + Mean annual temperature: 230 - 240 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 130 - 220 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Alluvial soil in the deltas to hilly feralite soil wihith deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 5 - 6 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 100

• Uses: - Main uses: Used in construction, paper pulp, making art/household

implements. - Suitable levels to uses (very suitable: xxx, suitable: xx, less suitable: x)

+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xxx Construction: xx Veneered wood: Furniture: xx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood:

93

+ Non-timber products: Bamboo shoots: xxx + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: Wind-break: Dike protection: xxx • Increment rate/ productivity: tons/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Thanh Hoa x xx x xxx xxx xx Cau Hai x xxx xx xxx x

Notes:


94

Vietnamese name: Phi lao (Xi lau, D−¬ng) Scientific name: Casuarina equisetifolia L. • Some main characteristics: An evergreen, medium or large-sized tree, 15-20m in hight and up to 20-40cm in diameter. Leaves reduced to scales, surrounding the nodes of the twigs, and in this case, their function is replaced by the twigs. Inner bark has the colour of raw meat. Flowers unisexual, monoecious. Male inflorescence is a catkin-spike, consisting of many flowers, arranged in whorls. Female flowers inflorescence solitary, at the tip of short lateral branches. Fruits grouped into a woody oval cone with persistent bracts. Seeds solitary without endosperm. • Natural distribution: - Originates from Australia. Nowadays mainly planted in coastal areas of

Vietnam, and other countries in South East Asia. - Latitude: 50 - 200 N - Altitude: 1 - 10m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm - 2500mm. - Mean annual temperature: 200 - 280 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 300 - 340 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 60 - 230 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 11 - 200 N - Altitude: 0 - 10m a.s.l. (sand dunes in coastal areas and deltas) - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm – 2500mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): May - October or October - February (Central provinces) + Mean annual temperature: 230 - 280 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 130 - 250 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Alluvial soil, sandy-loamy mixed soil in deltas, sand dunes in coastal areas. It can be planted on acid, inundated soil. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm + pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 6 - 7 + Limited slope: < 100, optimum: < 50

• Uses: - Main uses: Timber brownish and soft with distinctive annual rings, density

0.978. Easily attacked by termites and insects. Usually used in construction, fpr mining poles, furniture and fuel wood. It can be burned even when green. It is also cultivated for wind break and sand stabilization. Bark is rich in tannin and can be used for tanning.

95


Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: x Veneered wood: Furniture: Staked wood: Mining pole: xx Fire wood: xxx


Soil improvement:: xx Wind-break: xxx Sand stabilization: xxx • Increment rate/ productivity: 15 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation, along the roads, canals or fences. • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW 601 & 701 xxx xxx x xx xx Local seed source of provinces in the Central Vietnam

xx xx xx xx

Notes:


96

Vietnamese name: QuÕ Scientific name: Cinnamomum cassia Bl. • Some main characteristics: An evergreen, medium-sized tree, 18-20m in hight and 40-60cm or morein diameter. Trunk straight, cylindrical. Bark greyish-brown. All parts of tree are pungently, agreeably perfumed. Twigs tetragonal, greenish, densely blackish-brown tomentose, then gradually caducous. Leaves simple, alternate or subopposite, oblong-ovate, 10-18cm long and 4-6cm widwe. Leaf-blade coreaceous, thick, shinning green, thinly pilose beneath, 3-nerved from the base, evident. At young leaves, veins evident on upper surface. Gland absent at axil of nerve. Petiole 1.4-2.5cm long. Fruit cylindrical, pink-violet when mature, leaving a trace on branch when fallen. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in Vietnam and China (Southern provinces). In Vietnam, found in

many provinces, from the North to the South, but concentrated in Quang Ninh, Yen Bai, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai provinces. Naturally distributed in primary tropical dense forests.

- Latitude: 150 - 230 N - Altitude: 200 - 400m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1500 mm - 2200mm. - Mean annual temperature: 220 - 230 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 330 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 120 - 180 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 15 - 210 N - Altitude: 100 - 400m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm – 2500mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): April - October + Mean annual temperature: 220 - 270 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 330 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 120 - 180 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 4.0 - 5.5 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 150

• Uses: - Main uses: Timber used in making of normal implements, house-pillars, sawing

boards. Bark, leaves, branches and roots can be exploited for medicine. Essential oil extracted from all parts of tree used in industry and medicine.

97


Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: x Veneered wood: Furniture: xx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: x

+ Non-timber products: Oil: xxx + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: x Wind-break: Erosion prevention: xx • Increment rate/ productivity: • Mode of planting: • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Yen Bai xxx xx x Tra My xx

Notes:


98

Vietnamese name: Sao ®en Scientific name: Hopea odorata Roxb • Some main characteristics: A big, evergreen tree, up to 30-40m in hight and 60-80cm in diameter. Bole cyclindrical, 15-20cm. Bark blackish-brown, longitudially fissured into many thin and rough pieces. Inner bark redish-brown, much fibrous. Twigs and petioles covered with grey stellate hairs, later glabrous. Leaves ovate, oblong or lanceolate, 8-14cm long and 3-6 cm wide. Flowers subsessile, sepals 5, hairy on both sides. Petals 5, falcate, serrate and hairy outside. Overy hairy. Fruit ovoid, 7-8mm in diameter, with developed wings, 5-6cm long and 1-2cm wide. Perianth 6 lobes, equal, oblong, shortly tomentose outside. Stamens 9, in 3 circles, 6 outer stamens without glands, 3 inner ones biglandular at the base. Anthers 4-locular. Staminodes 3. Ovary globose and glabrous, style long, stima globose or subglobose. Fruit globose, 10-12mm in diameter, calyx persistent and spreading, blackish-violet when mature, covered with white powder. Fruit pedicel. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in India, Thaland, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. In Vietnam, found

in most provinces of Southern part, form Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Southwards. Grows gregariously in dese tropical evergreen forests.



- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on shale, mica-schist, deep-layers and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 4 - 5, optimum: 5 - 6 + Limited slope: < 150, optimum: < 50

99

• Uses: - Main uses: Timber greyish-yeallow, sapwood is lighter than heartwood. It is a

good and valuable timber of Vietnam, resistant to insects and termites. Usually used in making of furniture, floors, railway sleeper, weagons and ship-building. Trunk contains much resin and gum; is planted as avenue shade-trees in many cities and towns in Vietnam.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber, ship-building and construction: xxx Veneered wood: xx Furniture: xx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood:


Soil improvement:: x Wind-break: • Increment rate/ productivity: 15 - 18 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW HCMC xxx xxx xx Dong Nai xxx xxx xx

Notes:


100

Vietnamese name: Th«ng ba l¸ Scientific name: Pinus kesyia Royle ex Gordon (syn. Pinus khasya Hook.)

• Some main characteristics: A big tree, up to 30-35m in hight with straight, cylindrical bole. Bark is thick and dark brown, deeply splitted longitudially . Branches robust, red brown, from the second year, branches pointing downwards. Leaf-base scale shaped, caducous. Leaves dark green, soft, usually with 3 needles in an ocreate fascicle at tip of a short twig. Needle 15-20cm long, ocrea 1.2cm long, persistent. Cone ovoid, 5-9cm long, often curved downwards, sometimes slightly distorted. Seed winged, 1.5-2.5cm long. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in Thaland, Laos, Myanmar, China and Vietnam. In Vietnam, found

in Ha Giang, Kon Tum, Lam Dong. - Latitude: 100 - 230 N - Altitude: 900 - 1700m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1700mm - 1800mm. - Mean annual temperature: 180 - 200 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 260 - 310 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 80 - 110 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 13 - 220 N - Altitude: 900 - 1400m a.s.l (in the South) and 700 - 1200m a.s.l (North). - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1600mm – 1800mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): 6 - 7 months + Mean annual temperature: 180 - 200 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 260 - 330 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 90 - 120 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils, redish-yeallow potzolic soil developed on basalt, granite. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm + pH: 3.5 - 5, optimum: 4 - 4.5 + Limited slope: < 350, optimum: < 250

• Uses: - Main uses: Timber soft and light. Can be used for housing implements, boxes,

matches, paper pulp and temporary electric poles. Resin good but not abundant, therefore not yet much exploited.


101

+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xxx Timber and construction: xx Veneered wood: Furniture: Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: xx

+ Non-timber products: Resin: xx + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: x Wind-break: Erosion prevention: xx • Increment rate/ productivity:15 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentraed plantation • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Hoang Su Phi HG xxx x xx Simao China xxx x x Doi Suthep Thailand xxx Prenn Da Lat xx Xuan Tho, Da Lat xx x x x

Notes:


102

Vietnamese name: Th«ng caribª Scientific name: Pinus caribaea Morelet

• Some main characteristics: A big tree, evergreen, up to 30-35m in hight and 60-80cm in diametere, with straight bole and small branches. Leaves dark green, soft, usually with 4-5 needles in an ocreate fascicle at tip of a short twig. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in:

+ Honduras and Nicaragua (larg-sized wood): Latitude: 120 - 180 N + Cuba (medium-sized wood): Latitude: 210 - 230 N + Bahamas and Caicos (rather larg -sized wood): Latitude: 220 - 270 N

- Altitude: 10 - 800m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 700 mm - 3000mm. - Mean annual temperature: 250 - 280 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 330 - 390 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 170 - 210 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 10 - 220 N - Altitude: 10 - 1000m a.s.l (in the South) and 20 - 600m a.s.l (North). - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1600mm – 2400mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): 4 - 6 months + Mean annual temperature: 230 - 270 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 300 - 350 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 140 - 210 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils, potzolic soils on hills. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm + pH: 4 - 8.5, optimum: 4.5 - 5.5 + Limited slope: < 300, optimum: < 200

• Uses: - Main uses: Timber brownish,density 0.45-0.47. Can be used for making

furniture, boxes, paper pulp. - Suitable levels to uses (very suitable: xxx, suitable: xx, less suitable: x)

+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xxx Timber: xx Veneered wood: Furniture: Staked wood:

103

Mining pole: Fire wood:


Soil improvement:: x Wind-break: xx Erosion prevention: xx • Increment rate/ productivity:15 - 20m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW

Poptun Guatemala xxx xx xx xxx xx xx xxx Cardwell Qld xx xx xx xx x xx xxx Dong Ha xx xx xx Dai Lai xxx xx xxx xx xx xx xx Ba Vi xxx xx xx xx xx xx xx

Notes:


104

Vietnamese name: Th«ng m· vÜ (Th«ng ®u«i ngùa, Th«ng tµu) Scientific name: Pinus massoniana Lamb. • Some main characteristics: A large tree can reach 30-40m in hight. Bole straight. Bark red brown, base darker, split in pieces when old. Young branchlets yeallowish or fulvous, gabrous. Winter-buds brown, tip acute. Trunk much resinous. Leaves lightly green, consisting of 2 (rarely 3) needles with an ocrea. Needle 10-20cm long, ocrea about 1cm long, caducous. Cone matures in 2 years, when young subspherical, when old ovoid, 4-7cm long and 2.5-4cm wide, brownish when mature, scale-surface rhomboid, flat, margin rounded at a upper part, a transversal relief-line at the middle of the scale-surface. Umbo concave or slightly convex, scale usually spiny in aridareas. Seed brownish, with thin wings, 1.5cm long. Young tree has 5-8 cotyledons, newly appeared leaves flat, 1.5-3.6cm long, margin hair- like spiny. • Natural distribution: - Originates from China (the South and the Centre), it has been planted in some

provinces of Vietnam, such as Ha Tay (Da Chong), Bac Giang (Luc Ngan, Phan Son), Thanh Hoa (PHu Dien), Quang Ninh (Yen Lap) and largely in Lang Son.

- Latitude: 230 - 350 N - Altitude: 600 - 1200m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm - 2000mm. - Mean annual temperature: 150 - 220 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 250 - 300 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 60 - 120 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 20 - 230 N - Altitude: 500 - 1100m a.s.l - Climatic conditions:


- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on rhiolite, granite, shale. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm + pH: 4 - 6, optimum: 4 - 4.5 + Limited slope: < 300, optimum: < 200

• Uses: - Main uses: Sapwood and heartwood distinctive: heartwood yeallow-brown,

veins coarse, straight, density 0.60-0.65. Used in construction, for mining poles, matches, ordinary furniture, boxes and underwater construction (on land, it is

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easily attacked by termites and insects). Wood contains 62% of cellulose and can be used for paper and artificial fibres. The resin is a precious material source for industry and medicine.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xxx Timber and construction: xx Veneered wood: Furniture: xx Staked wood: Mining pole: xx Fire wood:

+ Non-timber products: Resin: xx + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: x Wind-break: xx Erosion prevention: xx • Increment rate/ productivity:15 - 20m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Tam Dao xxx x xxx Loc Binh xxx x xxx

Notes:


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Vietnamese name: Th«ng nhùa (Th«ng hai l¸) Scientific name: Pinus merkussi J. et De Vries • Some main characteristics: A big tree, 30-35m in hight and 60-80cm or more in diameter. Trunk straight and cylindrical, very resinous. Bark thick, reddish-brown, spliting deeply longitudially. First year branches brownish and glabrous without white powder. Leaf base persistent-scaled. Leaves dark green, 15-25cm long, 2 needles on a twig. Ocrea at the base of leaf, 1-2cm long, persistent. Cone mature after 2 years. Scales of the first year. Scales of the first year cone-fruit spineless. The second year cone-fruit cylindrical or long-ovate, with pedicel about 1 cm long. Scale-surfacerhomboid, margin sharp. Two transversal and longitudial relieved lines across the middle of scale-surface, umbo slightly concave. Seed ovate, slightly flat, bearing a thin wing, 1.5-2cm long. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, China

and Indonesia. In Vietnam, found in large stands or in small groups at Lai Chau, Son La, Thai Nguyen, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh and Thua Thien - Hue provinces, and also appeared in Kon Tum, Lam Dong provinces.

- Latitude: 200N - 100S - Altitude: 20 - 900m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1500mm - 2300mm. - Mean annual temperature: 220 - 270 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 320 - 340 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 140 - 170 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 11 - 210N - Altitude: Under 900m a.s.l - Climatic conditions:


- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, granite, schists, basalt. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm + pH: 3.8 - 5.5, optimum: 4 - 4.5 + Limited slope: < 300, optimum: < 150

• Uses:

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- Main uses: Sapwood and heartwood distinctive: Sapwood is yeallowish and heartwood slightly darker. Wood heavy (density 0.88-0.96). Used in construction, making of matches, paper pilp, common furniture, pit props, electic poles, ships and vehicle-building. High content of resin, each tree gives 3-4kg of resin per year, this is a pecious raw material, used in medicine, paints, printing and the perfume industry.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: xx Veneered wood: Furniture: xx Staked wood: Mining pole: x Fire wood:

+ Non-timber products: Resin: xxx + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: x Wind-break: Erosion prevention: xx • Increment rate/ productivity:15 - 20m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated plantation • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW High resin productivity

x xx xxx xx

Notes:


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Vietnamese name: Trµm cõ Scientific name: Melaleuca cajuputi Powell • Some main characteristics: A big, evergreen tree, 15-20m high, and 30-40cm in diameter (In Australia the tree can reach 25-40m in hight, 100-120cm in diameter). Bark White-grey, thin layers. • Natural distribution: - Mainly distributed in:

+ Melaleuca cajuputy sub sp. cajuputi (East Indonesia, North-West Australia)

+ Melaleuca cajuputy sub sp. cumingia (Vietnam: Mekong river delta, Quang Binh, Ha Tinh).

+ Melaleuca cajuputy sub sp. platyhylla (North Queesland, South Papua New Guinea)

- Latitude: 190 N - 200 S - Altitude: 1 - 50m a.s.l • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1300mm - 2500mm. - Mean annual temperature: 250 - 280 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 310 - 330 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 170 - 220 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 8 - 210 N - Altitude: 1 - 120m a.s.l - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1700mm – 2500mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): April - October + Mean annual temperature: 230 - 280 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 310 - 340 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 180 - 240 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Light and medium acid sulphate soils with heavy clay texture and peat with 3 month water logging + Soil layer depth: > 40 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 3 - 5, optimum: 4 - 5 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: flat (00)

• Uses: - Main uses: Wood is light brown, heavy, hard, difficul to work when dry. Can be

used in construction, support poles. it is much used for burning charcoal, yielding high calorific output and little smoke.


Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF):

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Construction: x Veneered wood: Furniture: x Staked wood: xxx Mining pole: Fire wood and charcoal: xxx

+ Non-timber products: Oil extract: xx + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: Wind-break: xx Wave prevention: xx Bee-feeding: xxx • Increment rate/ productivity: 10m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated forests in the acid sulphate soil. • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Bensbach PNG x xx xx xxx Wangi NT x xx xx xxx Long An VN x x x xxx Phu Quoc VN x x xxx

Notes:


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Vietnamese name: Trµm l¸ dµi Scientific name: Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. Hä Sim (Myrtaceae)

• Some main characteristics: A large tree, 20-30m high and 50-60cm in diameter (sometimes a shrub of 0.5-3m high). Bole often curved. Bark white-grey, peeled off into many thin and soft layers. The whole tree aromatic. Leaves simple, alternate, leaf-blade thick, coreaceous, glossy and dark green. young leaves thin, soft, pale green. Flowers small, yeallowish-white, arranged in 5-15cm long, terminal spikes. Fruit a capsule, hemispherical or subglobose, 3-4mm in diameter, dehiscent by 3 pores. Seed globose, pointed.

• Natural distribution: - Distributed in Vietnam, China (Hongkong, Hainam), Thailand, Malaysia, Papua

New Guinea, Indonesia, New Zealand, Brazil and Nigeria. In Vietnam, mainly found in Southern provinces, and in Quang binh and Thua Thien - Hue.

- Latitude: 30 - 230 S - Altitude: 3 - 500m a.s.l

• Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 600mm - 1500mm. - Mean annual temperature: 250 - 270 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 310 - 380 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 90 - 190 C

• Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 8 - 210 N - Altitude: 3 - 150m a.s.l - Climatic conditions:


- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Sulphate acid soil in coastal areas. It can tolerate shallow, hot and arid hilly soils, strongly eroded, usually growing in pure or nearly pure stands + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 60 cm + pH: 3.5 - 5, optimum: 4.0 - 4.5 + Limited slope: < 200, optimum: flat (00)

• Uses: - Main uses: Sapwood and heartwood slightly diatinctive, pinkish-grey. Wood

hard, heavy, grains twisted, used for general implements, and for burning charcoal. Bark is used in boat-caulking. Essential oil distiilled from leaves, named eucalyptus oil and used in traditional medicine. Bark can be used as insulation matter. Flowers are necta-source for bee-feeding. Attention neds to be paid to this species for forest planting in acid-sulphate soil areas.

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Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: Veneered wood: Furniture: Staked wood: xxx Mining pole: xxx Fire wood and charcoal: xx

+ Non-timber products: Oil extract: xx + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: Wind-break: xx Wave prevention: Bee-feeding: xxx • Increment rate/ productivity: 15 m3/ha/yr. • Mode of planting: Concentrated forests along the coast of the sea. • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Weipa Qld x xx xxx Lawrence Qld xxx Cambridge WA xxx Proserpine Qld xx xxx xx Rifle Cr. Qld x xx xx Ba Vi VN xx xxx xx Long An VN x xx xxx

Notes:

- NW: North West - CN: Centre of the North - NE: North East - RR: Red River Delta - NC: North Centre - SC: South Centre - CH: Central Highland - SE: South East - SW: South West (Mekong River Delta - xxx: Very adaptable - xx: Adaptable - x: Less adaptable

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Vietnamese name: Tr¸m tr¾ng Scientific name: Canarium album Raeusch • Some main characteristics: A big tree, up to 20-30m high. Trunk cylindrical, straight and late branched. Bark white, fissured into small pieces when old, exuding white resin. Leaves imparipinnately compound. Leaflets oblong-ovate, 6-15cm long and 2.5-6cm wide, crustaceous, with many shining white scales beneath, apex gradually tapered and base unequal. Stipule awl-shaped, caducous. Inflorescence racemose, usually shorter than the leaf. Flowers with short peduncle, 0.2-0.3cm long, yeallowish-white. Fruit an oblong-ovoid drupe, 3.5-4cm long and 2-2.5cm wide, yealow-green when mature. Seedlings with leaves which are very variable in shape: first, they are simple and deeply lobed, then they become entire and at last, imparipinnately compound, similar to the leaves of mature trees. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in primary and secondary forests of most provinces in North

Vietnam, particularly in Thai Nguyen, Bac Can, Phu Tho, Quang binh, Gia Lai, Kon Tum. Usually mixed with Erythrophloeum fordii, Peltophorum tonkinensis, Hopea spp., etc.

- Latitude: 210 - 220 N - Altitude: under 400m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1800mm - 2200mm. - Mean annual temperature: 220 - 240 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 270 - 320 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 130 - 150 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 13 - 220 N - Altitude: 100 - 700m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:


- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, shale. Optimum: forest soil with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 4 -7, optimum: 5 - 6 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 100

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• Uses: - Main uses: Timber greyish-brown, soft and light. Used for sawing-board, house

construction and fuelwood. The resin is used for incense, canarium perfume oil and turpentine, being a raw material for paint and printing industries. Fruit edible or used in medicine against diarrhoea, rheumatism and as disinfective. Seed contains oil.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): xx Timber and construction: xx Veneered wood: xx Furniture: xx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: x

+ Non-timber products: Extract resin. Fruits used for food. Seeds contain oil + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: xx Wind-break: • Mode of planting: Scattered, fences around houses, concentrated plantaton. • Increment rate/ productivity: 10 - 13 m3/ha/yr. • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Local Seed sources xxx xx xx xx

Notes:


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Vietnamese name: TrÇm dã (TrÇm h−¬ng, Dã bÇu) Scientific name: Aquilari cracsna Pierre • Some main characteristics: A large evergreen tree, 15-20cm (rarely 30m) in hight, with a diameter of 40-50cm (sometimes 60-100cm). Bark greyish-brown, slightly fissured, easy to fpeel off, smooth. Inner bark wet with much water. Branches nearly horizontal, not straight. Crown open. Leaves coriaceous, oval, upper surface glossy and green, lower surface light-coloured. Inflorescence umbellate, axillary or termonal. Flowers small, pale blue-yeallow. Fruit a capsule, obovoid, 4x5cm in size, hard when dry, furnished with short, greyish-yeallow hairs and persistent calyx. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, North Central region, Gia Lai, Kon Tum,

Phu Quoc. Growed in wet tropical forests. - Latitude: 80 - 220 N - Altitude: under 700m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1900mm - 2500mm. - Mean annual temperature: 240 - 280 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 290 - 330 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 110 - 220 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 8 - 220 N - Altitude: 20 - 700m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1900mm – 2500mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): May - Oct. or Sep - Feb (following year) + Mean annual temperature: 240 - 280 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 290 - 310 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 110 - 220 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: Feralite soils developed on mica-schist, shale. Optimum: forest soil with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 50 cm, optimum: > 100 cm + pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 5 - 6 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 100

• Uses: - Main uses: wood of high commercial value. Roots can be used as incense wood

(commonly known as eagle wood) and also for cosmetic preparation, fine art article-making and as medicines. Coriaceous bark can produce good fiber for hammock-making and paper pulp. Because the demand for its pecious products, it has become very rare. A vulnerable species (V).

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Industrial materials (paper pulp, chip, MDF). Bark makes paper: xxx Timber and construction: Veneered wood: x Furniture: Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood:

+ Non-timber products: Insence wood, cosmetic preparation, fine-art articles,

medicines. + For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: x Wind-break: • Mode of planting: Scattered, fences around houses, concentared plantation • Increment rate / productivity: • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Local seed sources x x xx x xx x

Notes:


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Vietnamese name: Xoan ta (SÇu ®«ng) Scientific name: Melia azedarach L. • Some main characteristics: A deciduous, medium to big-sized tree, up to 20m high and 30-50cm or more in diameter. Trunk straight. Crown open. Bark greyish-brown, smooth, with vertical, orange lenticels. Inner bark white-yellow, 3-5mm thick, fibrous. Twigs tomentose. Leaves bi- or tri-imparipinnate, alternate. Folioles ovoid or oblong-lanceolate, 3-7cm long and 2-3cm wide, serrate, with stellate hairs when young, dark green above and yellowish-green beneath. Lateral nerves 10-14 pairs, evident on both surfaces, venules reticulate. Petiolule 2-5mm long, stellate hairy. Inflorescence is an axillary panicle. Flowers symmetric, hermaphroditic, aromatic. Sepels 5-6, linear. Staments united into a dentate tube. Anthers 10-12. Disk short, cupulate. Ovary 4-5-locular, glabrous, style long. Fruit a berry, exocarp fleshy, endocarp woody, 4-5 loculi and 1 seed in each locule. • Natural distribution: - Distributed in North and Centre of Vietnam, Southern China and Laos. - Latitude: 150 - 220 N - Altitude: under 300m a.s.l. • Climatic conditions in original area: - Mean annual rainfall: 1600mm - 3000mm. - Mean annual temperature: 220 - 270 C - Mean temperature of the hostted months: 300 - 330 C - Mean temperature of the coldest months: 90 - 170 C • Site conditions for planting in Vietnam: - Latitude: 15 - 220 N - Altitude: 5 - 600m a.s.l. - Climatic conditions:

+ Mean annual rainfall: 1800mm – 3000mm + Rainy season (≥ 100 mm/month): > 5 months + Mean annual temperature: 180 - 260 C + Mean temperature of the hostted months: 30 0 - 330 C + Mean temperature of the coldest months: 90 - 170 C

- Soil conditions: + Soil type: loamy, sandy-loamy-mixed soils, feralite soils developed on gneiss, rhiolite. Optimum: Alluvial soil in deltas with deep layer and high moisture. + Soil layer depth: > 30 cm, optimum: > 50 cm + pH: 4 - 7, optimum: 5 - 6 + Limited slope: < 250, optimum: < 100

• Uses: - Main uses: Timber soft and light, rather resistant to rot, but easily destroyed by

termites. If put it in water for 5-6 months, the timber will be very durable. Used in

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construction and for household implements. Timber gives high calori value and its charcoal is used for gun powder. Leaves used as green manure. Seeds contain oil.


+ Timber products: Industrial materials (paper, chip, MDF): Timber and construction: xx Veneered wood: Furniture: xx Staked wood: Mining pole: Fire wood: xx

+ Non-timber products: Timber gives high calori value and its charcoal is used for gun powder. Leaves used as green manure. Seeds contain oil

+ For other purposes:

Soil improvement:: x Wind-break: • Mode of planting: Scattered, fences around houses, after cutivated areas • Increment rate/ productivity: 10 - 13 m3/ha/yr. • Selected provenances and planting regions:

Region Provenance/Cultivar NW CN NE RR NC SC CH SE SW Local seed sources x xx xx xxx x

Notes:


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forest tree species service forest vn mard 2003

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