football canada official certification program level 1
TRANSCRIPT
Football Canada Official Certification Program Level 1
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Lesson 1Introduction
Why We Need You (Officials)
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IntroductionWhy We Need You (Officials)
topics• History of Officiating • Structure of Football Officiating In Canada
1) Football Canada
2) Canadian Football Officials Association - CFOA
3) Officials Technical Committee - OTC
4) Provincial Associations
5) Local FOA s• Football Canada Officials’ Certification Program-FCOCP
1) Aims
2) FCOCP Certification
ii) Requirements
3) FCOCP progression
i) Levels• Roles played by an Official
Video – You Have to Love it When they Boo• Qualities of a Competent official
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A brief History of Officiating
“Officials” and other “intermediaries” are part of the history of sports
Officials have been an accepted component of every sport competition on record
The following excerpt dates from the 14th century, “All things are reduced to nothingness and uncertainty without a ruler (official)”
The word “referee” is an extension of “REFER” and is defined as follows “to submit to an authority for consideration, help, decision and action.”
The one referred to could be anyone appointed of selected by the sport body involved.
The terms of reference applied to “officials” in circles of law have been passed down to “officials” in sport competitions. The latter interpret and apply the “laws” of the game
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A brief History of Officiatingcontinued
•England was the first nation to recognize the need for sport “officials”.
•Their introduction into sport occurred during the early 1800’s when it accepted that competitions, which were hotly contested, should be under the jurisdiction of a third party.
•Some 20 years later, “officials” were introduced into North American sports
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Structure of Football Officiating in Canada
• Football Canada
• CFOA
• OTC
• Provincial Associations
• Local FOA
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Football Canada Official’s Certification Program (FCOCP) Aims
1. Standardization of
Positioning
Mechanics
Rules Knowledge
Rules Interpretation
Rules Application
2 National Recognition
3 Improve Image of Officials
4 Improve Confidence
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FCOCP Certification Levels
Level INew Official – Sides – Minor & H.S.
Level IISides – Minor & H.S.Umpire – Minor & H.S.
Level IIIUmpire – Minor & H.S.Referee – Minor & H.S.Introduction to 5 – Official System – Back Umpire – H.S.
Level IVWork any Positions – Minor & H.S.Introduction to 6 – Official System – CIS & CJFL ( Use a 7 official crew as
the CFL)
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Certification Requirements
• Theory Clinic (s)
• Written Examinations
• On Field Evaluation
• Data to Football Canada
• Certification Maintenance
• Official’s Transfer
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FCOCP ProgressionA. Progress from Level to Level by each of the various
positions
Or
B. Progress from Level to Level by a given position
(I.e. specialize in one or two positions)
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FCOCP Progression ChartFCOCP Progression Chart
Level IV
Level III
Level II
Level I
6 Officials
5 Officials
3 or 4 Officials
3 or 4 Officials
Referee
Referee
Umpire Deep Sides
Umpire Deep Sides
Sides
Sides
Umpire
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A Philosophy of Officiating
STOPBefore proceeding print a copy of worksheet 1
Do Lesson 1 Worksheet as directed
Watch the Video “You have to love it when they Boo”
Complete the worksheet as directed.
• As the action and tempo of a game in progress can change,the official must assume several different roles, depending upon the particular circumstances. According to the particular situation, it may be necessary for the official to assume partially the following roles:
• Educator• Salesman• Psychologist• Statesman
Roles of an Official
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For a detailed explanation of each term , click the i button
1. Reaction Time2. Confidence (Poise)3. Consistency4. Judgment5. Hustle6. Decisiveness7. Courage8. Be Objective9. Positive Rapport10. Know the Rules11. Look the Part12. Know Position, Duties & Mechanics
Qualities of a Competent Official
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Policies to FollowWhy do we need capable officials to guide the game?
Officials should be guided by the overall aim of causing the game to progress smoothly with
as little interference as possible. The essential ingredients of effective officiating are
Rule Knowledge
Integrity
Sound Relationships
Primary Concern – The Athlete
What are the benefits of of being a competent official?
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The Job of Officials
• Smooth Flow to Game
• Game played within the Rules
• Little Interference
• Prevent Fouls
• Make the “Calls”
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Getting Ahead as an Official “Reach for the Top”
• Set Goals• Set Deadlines• Learn from Others• Overcome Restrictions• Accept Challenges• Support is Needed• Look the Part• Learn from Mistakes• Positive Attitude
• Hard Work
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Keys to Getting Ahead
• Watch Others
• Ask Questions
• Participate
• Study and Learn
• Be Prepared
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Lesson 1 Worksheet
• Compete the worksheet for Lesson 1 , revise your answers and submit answers.
• Contact facilitator if you have any questions or concerns @
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Lesson 2Getting Started
Why is Appearance Important
The Uniform
- Parts of the official uniform
- Additional equipment
- Care of equipment and uniform
The Arrival
- When to arrive
- Meeting the Crew
- Pre Game Officials’ Meeting
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Why is Appearance Important
• A a sales slogan for a razor company stated: “Look Sharp-Feel Sharp-Be Sharp”
• The slogan represents excellent advice to sports officials• “Be Sharp” suggests that an official react quickly, hustle and display
good judgment and mechanics.• “Look sharp” – an official who reports for duty in an unkempt, dirty
or soiled uniform does not inspire the confidence of the players and coaches, or his fellow officials. Such officials start the game at a disadvantage.
• BE NEAT,CLEAN AND IN FULL UNIFORM WHEN REPORTING FOR A GAME ASSIGNMENT
The entire officiating crew is judged by its appearance on first sight. Don’t you be the one to let the crew down
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Getting ReadyDo You Have All Your Equipment?
Do you have the right coloured hat (referee needs white hat all other officials need a black hat, ? Rain wear, cold weather gear?
Make sure all your equipment is clean , have clean white shoe laces and polished shoes. Have everything ready before you go to the game
Lanyard whistle also
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Official Uniform
White hat for Referee
Whistle with lanyard
Association crest
Black hat for all positions except Referee
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Official Uniform
Stirrup socks
White shoe laces
FOA crest
Hat-white for Referee
All other official have a black hat
Black Belt
Flag in back pocket or side
Bean Bag
White socks
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Official UniformInclement Weather Wear
Warm Up Jacket-Black Jacket with CFOA crest on left side of chest
Extreme Cold-Black turtle neck under regulation jersey
-neutral coloured hand wear
-plain black toques (white for Referee) being replaced by
black balaclava also called weather hoods
Warm weather-determined by FOA( if used all officials in game must dress the
same).
-white shorts
-mesh type open weave short sleeve sweater
-knee high socks
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Inclement Weather Wear
Black Jacket
CFOA crest
on left side chest highLocal FOA crest
Gloves
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Official UniformInclement Weather Wear
continuedRain wear
-clear plastic or regulation stripped apparel
Helpful Hints
For Wet and /or cold weather
1) A cleaner’s plastic bag , or green garbage bag, with holes cut for
head and arms, and worn under jersey helps an official keep dry
and warm.
2) A plastic bread bag or shirt bag worn on the feet will keep the feet dry and warm
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Additional Equipment
Bean Bag –used to mark spots such as point kick is received
Downs counter - paced on wrist and finger to help remember what down it is.
Watch - Umpire needs one for timing time outs and knowing when first half ended and when second half will start (duty to inform the Referee)
Clip - used in measurements and when moving the yard sticks at the end of the first and third quarter .
- types –orange ribbon with clasp
- circular shows yardage where clip is attached.
-rectangular cloth strip with or
without yard markings
Additional Equipment
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Additional Equipmentcontinued
Hat holders - plastic hat carrier helps keep hat ‘s shape
- plastic ball cap washer
Pressure Gauge - used to measure air pressure in ball
Tape measure - used to measure dimensions of the ball
Rule Book and Case Book
-issued every two years with rule updates in between
-probably the most important piece of equipment you need. You’ll wear it more than your uniform.
(read it so much that it seem part of your apparel
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Care and Maintenance
General Principles(For complete details read article in Support Materials- Care and Maintenance of Equipment)
1. Clean equipment as soon as possible
2. Never let soiled equipment dry
3. Use cold water
4. Air dry where possible
5. Never use chlorine bleach
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Care and MaintenanceSpecific Care
Cap– Sweat band– Soil spots– Block– Plastic ball cap washer
Shirt, Pants, Socks, Flag– Cold water wash– Plastic bags for wet uniform– Pre-soak Detergent boosters (as recommended)
_ Heavily soiled treatment– Check and rewash before drying– Air dry
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Care and Maintenance Specific Care
Shoes– Between season care
– Clean off dust, lime, mud – clear water
– Air dry
– Use good polish
– Occasionally oil or silicon spray
Laces– Must be white
– Wash well
– Cotton laces – chlorine bleach
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Care and Maintenance Specific Care
Flag– Clean, good condition– Orange
Whistle– Clean, inspect– Always carry spare
Good Care and Maintenance = $
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The Arrival
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The Arrival
• When should an official arrive at the game location prior to the start of a game?
• One hour prior to start if not in uniform
• One half hour prior to start if dressed
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Meeting the Crew
• Upon arrival proceed to dressing room or timer’s bench
• Introduce yourself and identify position you will be working
• This allows you to know the crew and to identify your working partner
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Pre Game Meeting5 minutes prior to start of the Game• Following the Head Linesman instructing the stick crew
and the Line Judge and Back Umpire conducting field and player inspections, these officials will meet with the Referee and Umpire
• The Head Linesman will confirm Yard Stick Crew is in place.
• Line Judge and Back Umpire will report field conditions and player equipment concerns
• The Umpire will review special plays or numbering problems.
• The Umpire will provide numbers of captains, kicker punter and holders
• The Referee will provide direction to deal with any concerns that may arise
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Lesson 2 Getting Started
Worksheet
• Complete worksheet for Lesson two and submit as directed
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Lesson 3The Head Linesman
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The Head Linesman1. Yardstick Responsibility
-Duties
- Locating the Stick Crew
-Checking the Yardsticks , chain and pickets, downs box
2. Instructing the Yardstick Crew
-Positioning of Downs box
-Positioning of the Sticks
-Placement of the Clip
-Moving the Downs Box/changing the Down
-Play moving toward the Yard Stick Crew
-First down or score
-Talking to Yardstick Crew
3. Measurements
4. Moving the yardsticks at the end of the First and Third Quarters
5. Half time and end of game
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Head Linesman
• The Head Linesman is responsible for the supervision of the Yard Stick Crew –Downs Man and Linesmen (stick holders)
• The Head Linesman insures that:
• The Yard Sticks are placed properly under the direction of the Referee
• An accurate count of downs is kept to assist the Referee
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Locating the Stick Crew
• If not supplied by your association, contact the home team 30 minutes before game to insure they help you to obtain a stick crew.
• Once a crew is obtained proceed with the crew and the yardsticks and downs marker to the side of the field they will be located at the start of the game.
• If benches are on same side of field- sticks are located on the opposite side of the field.
• If the benches are located on opposite sides of the field, alternate the location of the sticks.
-First Half – locate on the Home Team’s side of the field.
-Second Half - locate on the Visiting Team’s side of the field.
• Advise the crew to be impartial and refrain from comments to teams and officials. They are part of the officiating team.
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Checking the Yard Sticks ,Chain, and Sticks
• Stretch out the chain and check to make sure the distance between the sticks is exactly ten yards
• Make sure the downs box has downs 1,2 and 3.
• If a 4th down is attached make sure the Downs Man is aware of this to avoid showing the wrong down
Checking Length of Yardsticks
Stretching the Chain
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Instructing the Yard Stick CrewPositioning of Downs box
• Position the downs box First
• Place the downs box in line with the forward tip of the ball
• Help this placement using placement of your foot so that your toe is inline with the forward tip of the ball
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Instructing the Yard Stick CrewInitial Positioning of Pickets
• First insure the Downs Box is in the proper place.
• Place the back picket • (starting picket) directly
BEHIND the Downs Box. Place so that the stick and Downs Box are perpendicular to the ground (should not be able to see the back stick.
• Stretch out the chain tightly (no knots or kinks) so that the forward stick marks the ten yards required to make a first down
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Positioning of Downs Box and Yardsticks
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Placement of the Clip
• Location of the clip is on the back of the five yard stripe closest to the back stick (start of the 10 yards).
• At the minor levels clip would be placed on chain only when a measurement is required
• At the Junior, University and Professional (CFL) levels the clip is placed at the start of each set of downs by the back stick holder
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Movement of the Downs box and changing of the of the down
• The Downs Man must pay close attention to every play to be aware if a penalty flag has been thrown
• If a penalty flag has been thrown DO NOT MOVE THE DOWNS BOX OR CHANGE THE DOWN . Make sure the sticks do not move
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Movement of the Downs box and changing of the of the down
• If no penalty the Downs Man waits until the play is whistled dead and the head linesman indicates the location of the next down.
• Move the downs box so that it is placed in line with the forward point of the ball
• Change the down on the downs box after the Referee has signaled the next down (relayed by the Head linesman)
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Play Moving Toward the Stick Crew
• Advise the Stick Crew to lay the sticks and downs box down off the playing field (at the correct location) and move quickly out of the way of oncoming players and officials
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First Down or Score
• Encourage the Stick Crew to HUSTLE to the next location (let them know after a score)
• Set an example by your hustle.
• The pace of the game is highly effected by the movement of the Yardstick Crew
• Following a convert
– One stick holder will set up the kickoff
– The other stick holder will retrieve the ball after the convert
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Talk to the Yardstick Crew
• During the game talk to the crew to keep them involved
• Provide praise and encouragement to keep them on task
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Measurements• When a measurement is requested
the Head Linesman will:• Tell the Downs Man not to move
(stay at the PLS) or change the down
• Place the clip on the first 5 yard stripe closest to the rear picket.
• Instruct the rear stickman to pick up the clip and hold it in his hand when the yardsticks are taken on to the field
• Tell stick holders to wait until you have marked the location of the forward stick with your foot and tell them to proceed
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Measurements
Head linesman marks forward picket
Umpire will get forward picket
Ball boy will give ball to back judge
Referee holding the ball at spot
Back official holds back picket
Back picket holder will pick up clip and carry it in
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Moving the Sticks at the End of the First and Third Quarters
• Note the location (yardage) and next down• Make sure the Downs Man changes the down and knows the
yardage of the next down• Place the clip on the rear of the closest 5 yard line to the rear
stick• Instruct the rear stick holder to pick up the clip and move
ahead of the forward stick holder and proceed down field• Proceed down field to the location where the clip was placed
at the other end of field• Place the clip down and have the yard sticks stretched out.• The Back Umpire will assist and make sure downs box is
placed at the location of the next down• VERIFY WITH REFEREE
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Half Time and End Of Game Half time
• Thank the Yardstick Crew for their good work and remind them to be back on the field five minutes before the end of half time.
• Join crew for half time meeting
End of Game
• Have the crew wind up the chain and leave the sticks and downs box by the Timer’s bench• Thank the crew for their efforts• Join the other officials and proceed to dressing room or timer’s bench for post game meeting
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Lesson 3 Worksheets
• Complete the worksheets for lesson 3
• The Head Linesman
• Measurements
• Quarter changes and the Yard Sticks
• Submit answers as directed
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Lesson 4THE LINE JUDGE
Where are the yard lines?
Place goal posts here
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Lesson 4Line Judge
1. Pre Game Duties
-Field inspection
-Player inspection
2. Getting the Captains and Counting Players
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FIELD INSPECTION
• The Line Judge will carry out an inspection of the playing field and end zones
• Check for the following field markings• Five yard markings starting with 55 at centre
field and decreasing by 5 moving toward each end zone.
• Yard markers are set back from the sideline• Double line thickness for the 35 and 45 yard
lines
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FIELD INSPECTION
FLEXIBLE MARKERPLACED AT THE GOAL LINE AND SIDE LINE INTERSECTIONCONSIDERED OUT OF BOUNDS
FIELD YARD MARKERS SHOULD BE PLACED OUT OF BOUNDS- PERFERABLY 5 YARDS AWAY
HASH MARKS 24 YARDS IN FROM EACH SIDE LINE
5 YARD FIELD MARKINGSTRIPES
YARDAGE PAINTED ON FIELDREFERED TO AS THE NUMBERS
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FIELD INSPECTION
• Hash marks 24 yards in from each sideline• Goal post padding (Game CAN NOT START until) in place• Dead ball line is 20 yards back from the goal line.• Flexible markers are located at the intersections of the goal
line and sidelines and the end zone sideline and dead ball line
• Fields with track around them , the deadline should be marked at least one foot inside the curb
• Side lines are marked and clearly visible
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Checking the Goal Posts
• The Goal Posts• Wish bone style or
the two upright goal posts must be padded or the game can not start.
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Player InspectionThe following equipment is mandatory and
shall be worn by all players. It shall be designed and manufactured by a professional manufacturer, and shall not be altered in any way which will decrease the protection of the player
* Soft knee pads, ½ inch thick, worn over the knees and cover by the pants.* Thigh guards.* Hip pads with tailbone protector.* Shoulder pads.*Mouth guard, protecting the teeth and * lips, as specified in Article 3 *Shoes which meet specifications in Article (1—11)Check for casts, taping and tinted visorsUniform is worn as required by the league
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Getting the Team Captains
• The Head Linesman is responsible for getting the HOME team
• The Line Judge is responsible for getting the VISITING team
-Prior to the meeting with the captains at the Referee’s quest
-At end of the half proceed 5 minutes before end of the half to respective teams to insure captains receive a 3 minute warning.
• During the game-Head Linesman counts the Home team players-Line Judge counts the Visiting team players
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Lesson 5 SCRIMMAGE PLAY ZONES AND
MOVEMENTS
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Lesson 5 SCRIMMAGE PLAY ZONESand Movements
1. Line of Scrimmage
2. Neutral Zone
3. Line of Scrimmage- Team A requirements
4. Team A movement at the Line of Scrimmage
5. Lineman stances
6. The Centre
7. The Centre on Kicking plays
8. Close line Area play
9. Crack back block zone
10.Crack back Block
11.Illegal procedure
12.Offside
13.Holding /illegal use of hands
Use when coming back from Lesson 9 to review To return to Lesson 9
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Line of Scrimmage and Neutral Zone
Line of Scrimmage Neutral zone
The Line of Scrimmage is an imaginary line , extending from sideline to sideline, parallel to the goal line and passing through the point of the ball furthest from Team A’s goal line
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The Neutral Zone
Neutral zone is one yard ahead of the line of scrimmage from side line to sideline. All defensive players must give a yard prior to the snap of the ball
1 yard
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Line of ScrimmageTeam A Requirements
Line of Scrimmage
Must have an eligible number at each end of the line
Eligible receiver at end
Linemen must pause 1 second before ball is snapped
5 ineligible numbered players in a continuous unbroken line within 1 yard of the line of scrimmage
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Team A Movement At the Line of Scrimmage
ENDS A player who, at the snap of the ball is occupying a position at either end of the line of
scrimmage may be in motion within 1 yard of the line of scrimmage but must not be moving towards his opponent’s goal line when the ball is put into play
Ends may move along L of S toward ball
End End
BACKFIELD PLAYERSA Team A player wearing eligible numbers 1-39 or 70 – 99 who is in motion from a backfield position may be within one yard of the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped
Back can not stop at the L of S must be moving forward
Ends may move along L of S away from the ball
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LINEMAN STANCE
3 POINT STANCE CAN NOT CHANGE STANCE ONCE ASSUMED
TWO POINT STANCE CAN CHANGE STANCE EG 3 POINT STANCE BUT MUST BE MOTIONLESS FOR 1 SECOND PRIOR TO THE SNAP OF THE BALL
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The Centre
1. The centre must face the direction of the opponents goal line
2. To snap the ball, the center must:
-snap the ball between his legs
-snap must be in one continuous motion from toe to heel
3 The ball MUST leave the centre’s hand
4. Once the centre places one or both hands on the ball he must snap the ball (illegal procedure if he changes places with another player.
5.Rotating the ball or placing the hand underneath allowed (no movement to draw opponent offside –penalty
6. Centre may take his hands off the ball and rise to talk to the Quarter back provide no misleading tactics to draw Team B offside.
7 Once punting snap motion is established Team B can not challenge the motion.
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CENTRE ON KICKING PLAYS
On all kick plays from scrimmage (punts, field goal attempts, and converts) it is illegal to contact the centre on, or within one yard on either side of the line of scrimmage
Penalty:L15, PLS, PBD-AFD
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CLOSE LINE PLAY AREA
ON ANY PLAY,BLOCKING BELOW THE WAIST IS ILLEGAL EXCEPT IN THE CLOSE LINE PLAY AREA BY A WHO IS OCCUPING A POSITION IN THIS AREA AT THE SNAP OF THE BALL
CLOSE PLAY AREA
IS 2 YARDS ON EITHER SIDE OF THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE
TACKLE TO TACKLE
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CRACK BACK ZONESIDELINE
SIDELINE
BACKTO TEAM A DEAD BALL LINE
5 YARDS IN ADVANCE OF THE LINE OF SCRIMMAGE
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Any A player who, before or after the snap, is more than 3 yds outside the Close Line Play Area, and moves toward the ball, may not block below the waist from 5 yds ahead of the LS back to the A dead line. (7-3)
CRACK BACK BLOCK
2 Watch the action of the slot (red) back is it okay?
The block is completed below the waist five yards beyond the L of S .Is it Legal?
1.What is the call if the back stops at the L of S?
T G C G T EE
QB
4.a)What must happen for the end’s motion to be legal?
b) What should the side official be watching for in the
block made on the Team B player?
23.What should the official be looking for as the two slot backs on the left run their patterns
Applying What You Learned
Click to start motion
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ILLEGAL PROCEDURE
A Team A Foul Flag play –inappropriate numbering of line players - player on line did not report as ineligible - no end
Flag and Whistle play• Team A linemen move prior to the ball being snapped must pause 1 second• Team A line player (except the center) after assuming a 3or 4 point
stance ,may not legally move his head, arms, hands or feet until the ball is snapped
• Center breaks his 3 or 4 point stance to allow another player to become center
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OFFSIDE
No player of either team shall encroach on the neutral zone on a play from scrimmage when the ball is into play.A player from either team who crosses the line of scrimmage and makes contact with any opponent, before the snap of the ball, is offside.A B player who goes offside and breaks the plane of the line of scrimmage, even without contact, shall be called offside and the play stopped immediately.Penalty—loss 5 yds, down repeated. Yardage penalty may be declined. (4-2)
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OFFSIDE
NO CONTACTGETS BACK
On the neutral zone—Defensive No. 55 encroaches without breaking the plane of the LS, or making contact—and gets back before the snap of the ball. No foul. (4-2)
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Use of Hands and Arms
Legal Use
1) May used to tackle the ball carrier
2) In blocking for run and pass plays provided:
a) hands are slightly behind the elbows, even with the elbows, or in advance of he elbows.
b)The arms may be fully extended
c)The hands shall be open, with the palms facing an opponent, or cupped or closed with the palms not facing an opponent.
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Use of Hands and Arms
Illegal Use :
1) The hands and arms are not to be used :
- in a striking or punching manner
- to grasp , pull, encircle, lift and opponent
-to lock ,hook or clamp an opponent
2) the hand may not be clasped or locked .
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Illegal use of Hands and Arms
Sometimes the hold is hard to detect
Arm bar or hook
Grasping an opponent
Can you identify five more ways the use of hand or arms is illegal ?
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Lesson 5Worksheets
• Complete the booklet You Make the Call Action at the Line of Scrimmage
• Submit answers as directed
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Lesson 6DUTIES
PRIOR TO START OF PLAY, DURING THE PLAY
AND BETWEEN PLAY
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DUTIES PRIOR TO START OF PLAY AND BETWEEN PLAY
1. Signals-Prior to start of play 6. Ball Retrieval
- Ready for kick off 7. Using Your Whistle
- Free or held
- Putting up the Gates
2. Position at start of the play
3. Checking Wide outs
4. Signals –during the play
-Time in
-Time out
-Screen Pass
-Lateral
5. Marking the spot
-Primary spot
-Secondary spot
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SIGNAL READY FOR PLAY KICKOFF
After counting your Team and checking your zone,the Official raises his arm vertically in the air and holds it up until acknowledged by the RefereeThe kick off should not take place until both teams have twelve players on the field
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Duties between Plays
• FREE OR HELD
• When the Referee whistles time in look to the Back Umpire for direction as to who is Held
• Held official (wide side of field) acknowledge by signal –point to the ground
• Free official acknowledge by signal- salute pointing down field
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Back Umpire Indicating Held Official
Back umpire points to near sideline official to indicate he is held.
This is done as the Referee is whistling time in
Referee whistling time in
Back Umpire indicating
the held official
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Free Official Signal
Free official salutes and points down field to acknowledge he is free. Free implies that the official if circumstances warrant it may move off the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped
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Held Signal
Held official-remains at the line of scrimmage until the ball has crossed the line of scrimmage
98
Duties between Plays
• PUTTING UP THE GATES
• When the second player leaves the offensive huddle (centre and one more player) raise arms horizontally at shoulder height.
• Check bench(es)on your side for substitutions ,once gates are up substitutions are not allowed
99
Position on the Line of ScrimmageStart of the Play
• What do we Look for?
• Is there an eligible number
at the end of the Line?
• Are there Five ineligibles
in a row?
Head Linesman View L of S
101
Wide Out Checking if on the Line of Scrimmage
Looking could give a nod of the head often enough Could give verbal confirmation –you’re on –you’re off
102
Wide Out Checking if on the Line of Scrimmage (not looking)
Not Looking could give a verbal confirmation
–you’re on –you’re off
103
Signals
most used often by Sideline officials
• Time in –Full arm circles to
simulate clock
• Time out- Hands crisscrossed
above the head
104
Signalsmost used often by Sideline Officials
• Screen Pass- Arm extended vertically
• Prior to a pass being caught behind the line of scrimmage.
• Keep arm up until end of play-informs other officials that blocking is allowed downfield prior to the ball being caught by Team A players.
105
Signalsmost used often by Sideline officials
• Lateral Pass – arm extended horizontally into the backfield.
• Lateral pass (onside pass) is one thrown, handed, knocked, batted, kicked or fumbled by a player parallel to or in the direction of his own dead line.
Pointing into backfield, keep arm out for the play so other officials are aware of the lateral pass
Signals in the Last Three Minutes of a Half
Time Out Signal- ball goes out of bounds in your zone -clock stops after every play in last 3 minutes of the half
Ball in bounds or out of bounds ?These signals are given to help the Referee and coaches know if the ball is in bounds or out of bounds as timing rules in the last three minutes are affected by where the ball went dead.
These signals should be held for an extend period of time (10 seconds) to insure that they are seen
- ball out of bounds- both arms and hands extended over shoulders points back to out of bounds
-in bounds - both arms extended and pointing into the field of play
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Marking the Spot• Primary Spot -place one foot forward with toe at
the forward point of the ball.• Secondary spot- stand facing toward middle of
field feet together.
- If spot required from a secondary
spot turn and provide the primary spot
Ball between the hash mark and sideline- come in close to mark the ball
Come in to mark spot run parallel to side line then turn at a right angle and move to the dead ball spot
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BALL Retrieval
• Use triangle method• Ball out near you ,get ball , pass to Back
Umpire who passes it to Umpire• Ball dead down field move toward Back
Umpire, who will retrieve the ball and pass it to side official on the side ball went out. This official will relay it to other side official
(if needed) and on to the Umpire
Using Your Whistle
• The whistle is used to “Kill the Play”
• See the Ball “Dead” before sounding you whistle
• Sound your whistle “ With Authority”
• An inadvertent Whistle does and will happen
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Lesson 7REPORTING AN INFRACTION
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Lesson 7REPORTING AN INFRACTION
TOPICS1. Throwing a Flag
-Technical fouls
-Point of foul
2. Reporting an infraction –Stopping the play
3. Reporting an infraction – Using TINS.
4. Reporting an infraction- reporting to the referee
5. Flag retrieval
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Throwing A Flag
• Once a foul is detected a flag must be thrown• Technical Foul- flag thrown high in the air
- eg illegal procedure, offside, time count
• Point of foul - if foul occurs during a play
- the flag is thrown toward the
location of the foul - eg point of holding, illegal block , unnecessary
roughness
• Get the player’s number• Continue to officiate until the end of the play
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Reporting an InfractionStopping the Play
• Wait until the play is over.• Make sure time out is waved• If you kill the play - blow your whistle
-signal time out -mark the spot -wait until an official relieves you of the
spot
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REPORTING INFRACTIONS USE TINS
T NAME THE TEAM
I STATE THE INFRACTION
N NUMBER OF PLAYER
S STAY AROUND IF REFEREE
NEEDS MORE INFORMATION
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Reporting an InfractionReporting to the Referee
• If more than one official has a flag check to see if you have the same call (eg. HL and LJ) make sure both agree if it is offside or illegal procedure.
• Reporting to the Referee using TINS• TEAM Winnipeg• INFRACTION Offside• NUMBER 68• STAY Remain nearby if Referee needs more information such as:
- Point ball held at time of foul- Required distance gained- Location of foul- Live or dead ball foul
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Flag Retrieval
• Help out other officials, especially the Referee by returning the flag to the official.
• The closest free official near the flag should retrieve the flag
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Lesson 7Reporting Infractions
• Complete worksheet and submit answers as directed.
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Lesson8Positioning and Mechanics
• Mechanics refers to the routine procedure surrounding what the official does.• The two primary areas of mechanics are signaling and positioning.• When more than one official is involved “Teamwork” becomes a third area of
mechanics, wherein additional signaling and positioning responsibilities are necessary.
• The mechanics of positioning, signaling and teamwork are all of the essential importance to a professional performance.
• Good positioning, is necessary if you are to see what you are supposed to see.• Sharp, unhesitating and unhurried signals are necessary to communicate your
decisions and to build the confidence of everyone regarding your officiating ability• Commonly recognized teamwork procedures are necessary to ensure to the greatest
extent that (a) every conceivable action is covered and ruled upon and
(b) disagreement is eliminated or minimized• When proper mechanics are performed precisely, the game progresses without
confusion of unnecessary delay.• Good mechanics are not too difficult to develop if correct habits are established early
in the officiating career.
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Positioning and Mechanicscontinued
• Difficulty does occur when the new official unsuspectingly forms bad habits.• Mechanics, good or bad, are habitual actions.• It is much easier to learn the correct habit first than to unlearn an incorrect habit later.• Like the playing rules, mechanics have evolved from the efforts of many people over
many years and therefore, they should command the respect and acceptance of new officials.
• The first two obligations of a new official are to:
a) learn the playing rules
b) develop correct habit of mechanics
AN OFFICIAL WHO IS IN THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME, AT LEAST LOOKS EFFICIENT
Duties and Positioning Kick Off Duties Head Linesman• Before the Ball is Kicked
• Take up position
• Count home team
• Check field and sidelines
• After the ball is kicked
• Onside vs offside
• Short kick vs. long kick
• In bounds / out of bounds
• Cover the return
• Stay in your zone
• Signal “time in” after ball is touched
Duties and Positioning Kick Off Duties Head Linesman
Watch for:
• blocking (legal vs. illegal)
• ball in/out of bounds
After the ball is dead:
• signal to stop clock
• mark spot
• set up sticks and downs box
Duties and Positioning Kick Off Duties Line Judge
Before the ball is kicked:• take up position• count visiting team• check End ZoneAfter the ball is kicked:• time in signal after the ball is touched• watch for fumbles, lateral, offside passes• cover return• out of bounds coverageAfter the ball is dead:• signal to stop clock• mark spot
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Position and SignalsPosition and Signals Prior to SnapPrior to Snap
check substitutescheck substitutes gates – up and downgates – up and down count playerscount players check eligible Receiverscheck eligible Receivers check Players re: lining upcheck Players re: lining up watch for early motion (offside watch for early motion (offside and illegal procedure)and illegal procedure)
Duties and Positioning Duties and Positioning Scrimmage Duties Scrimmage Duties
Free Official and Held OfficialFree Official and Held Official
Duties and PositioningDuties and Positioning Scrimmage DutiesScrimmage Duties
Running PlaysRunning Plays
Sideline ResponsibilitiesSideline Responsibilities - Held Official- Held Official - Free Official- Free Official Cover ball carrier in your zoneCover ball carrier in your zone Ball out of bounds – What to do?Ball out of bounds – What to do? Spotting ball at the Side LineSpotting ball at the Side Line - for normal play situations- for normal play situations - if measurement required- if measurement required
Need to cover play from behind:Need to cover play from behind: - action away from the ball- action away from the ball - fouls behind the play- fouls behind the play Avoid turning back on PlayAvoid turning back on Play Watch for:Watch for: - fumbles- fumbles - lateral passes- lateral passesKnow possession when ballKnow possession when ball deaddead
Scrimmage Scrimmage Duties and PositioningDuties and Positioning
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Pass PlaysPass Plays““FREE” OfficialFREE” Official
Also has deep responsibilitiesAlso has deep responsibilities Move off line on snapMove off line on snap Read play and reactRead play and react - “Tackles don’t lie”- “Tackles don’t lie” - Read Receivers on your side- Read Receivers on your sideCover your zone and Side LineCover your zone and Side Line Out of bounds coverageOut of bounds coverage
Duties and Positioning – Duties and Positioning – Scrimmage Duties Scrimmage Duties
Duties and Positioning – Duties and Positioning – Scrimmage Duties Scrimmage Duties
““HELD” OfficialHELD” Official Short zone coverage – your sideShort zone coverage – your side Move downfield after pass is thrownMove downfield after pass is thrownBoth OfficialsBoth Officials Watch for:Watch for: - Illegal contact on Receivers- Illegal contact on Receivers - Illegal interference- Illegal interference - Holding- Holding - Pass interference- Pass interference - Offside passes- Offside passes - Turnovers- Turnovers
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Scrimmage Play Passing - 4 Officials
““FREE” OfficialFREE” Official Initial position – on line until snapInitial position – on line until snap Normal initial dutiesNormal initial duties On snap – move to goal lineOn snap – move to goal line Know ball locationKnow ball location““HELD” OfficialHELD” Official Normal scrimmage dutiesNormal scrimmage duties Know ball locationKnow ball location Move off line once ball is goneMove off line once ball is goneBoth OfficialsBoth Officials Be prepared for pass or runBe prepared for pass or run Signal “Touchdown” if madeSignal “Touchdown” if made Watch for fumble into End ZoneWatch for fumble into End Zone
Duties and PositioningDuties and Positioning Goal Line Plays Goal Line Plays
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Goal Line Stand - 4 Officials
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““FREE” OfficialFREE” Official Initial position downfield ( 5 & 10 – 12)Initial position downfield ( 5 & 10 – 12) Be aware of:Be aware of: - Restraining zone- Restraining zone - Point of possession- Point of possession - Point ball held on return- Point ball held on return Ball Dead – goal post “in Flight”Ball Dead – goal post “in Flight”““HELD” OfficialHELD” Official Initial position on Line of ScrimmageInitial position on Line of Scrimmage Watch for blocked/deflected kickWatch for blocked/deflected kick Move after kick crosses Line of ScrimmageMove after kick crosses Line of ScrimmageBoth OfficialsBoth Officials On fouls – know ball locationOn fouls – know ball location - if in possession- if in possession - if “in flight”- if “in flight”
Duties and PositioningDuties and PositioningKick from ScrimmageKick from Scrimmage
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Punt - 4 Officials
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Duties and PositioningDuties and Positioning Field Goals and Converts Field Goals and Converts
Outside 10 yard lineOutside 10 yard line
““FREE” Official – Under goal postsFREE” Official – Under goal posts““HELD” Official – Same as kick from scrimmage on Line HELD” Official – Same as kick from scrimmage on Line
of Scrimmage – “go with ball”of Scrimmage – “go with ball”
Inside 10 yard lineInside 10 yard line
““FREE” Official – Same as kick from scrimmage. FREE” Official – Same as kick from scrimmage. - Cover dead line and sideline in End - Cover dead line and sideline in End
Zone. Zone. - Cover Play in End Zone- Cover Play in End Zone
““HELD”Official – Initial position – on line of scrimmageHELD”Official – Initial position – on line of scrimmage - Watch for contact on kicker/holder- Watch for contact on kicker/holder - “Go with ball” – cover Side Line- “Go with ball” – cover Side Line
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Three Official SystemMechanics
The 3 official crew system includes:
Referee
Umpire
Head Linesman
In order to insure coverage on all sides of the field the following mechanics are used:
Referee will always favour the side opposite the Head Linesman.
The Head Linesman will have the yard sticks located on the SAME side of the field as the team benches (benches are located on one side of field)
The Umpire is the lone official back for kick offs, punts and field goals
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Lesson 9Rules of the Game
BALL CARRIER HIT BY TACKLER
HITS GROUND HERE
SLIDES OUT OF BOUNDS
Where would the ball be spotted?
What signal would the sideline official give to the Referee in the last 3 minutes of a half to indicate the ball was in bounds or out of bounds?
Rules of the Game
• Intelligent enforcement• Learn basics first; then learn specifics• Learn to recognize legal vs. illegal
THEN:• Rules in detailAnd• Penalty application
Rules Mastery is anApprentice Program
What are the basics?
Points of emphasis for the starting official in learning the rules
1 Rule 1 – Conduct of the gamebasic rules required for sideline official
a) When is the ball liveb) When is the ball deadc) When does timing stopd) Is the ball in bounds or out of bounds
2. Rule 4 - Scrimmage (covered in Lesson 5) a) Section1 Definitions-
Line of scrimmage Neutral zone
Close line play area Line and Backfield
b) Section 2 Method of Scrimmagec) Section 3 Requirements for legal scrimmage
3. Rule 5 Kicking
Section 1 DefinitionsSection 2 Kick offSection 5 Interference on a Kick from Scrimmage or Return kicks
4. Rule 6 PassingSection 1 Lateral or Onside passSection 2 Hand Off PassSection 3 Offside PassSection 4 Forward Pass
5. Rule 7 Fouls and Penalties Section 1 Illegal tactics
Section 2 Rough play Section 3 Unnecessary Roughness
Section 4 Objectionable Conduct6. Rule 9 Miscellaneous
Live Ball
Rule 1 Section 7 Article 1 and Section 8 Article 1
The ball is in play when:a) It has been put into play by a kick off or scrimmage, until a field
official stops the play by sounding his whistle.b) It strikes an official who is not out of bounds, except on a
forward pass.
c) It is on the ground not in possession of a player.d) A forward pass is intercepted by a player in his own end zone.f) An offside pass is made and/or the ball goes loose.e) A ball is dribbled in bounds.f) A dribbled ball hits the goal post assembly.g) A kicked ball hits the goal post assembly after striking the
ground, a player, or official, or after being kicked from the end zone.
h) The ball is not dead when a player goes to one or both knees in making a catch from any punt, place kick, drop kick, or kick off an opponent or in attempting to field the ball on a snap from the center, provided that such action is part of the attempt to catch the ball. (1-8)
LIVE BALL
It is legal for the placekick holder, who was on his knee in possession of the ball, to rise, pass, or advance the ball. The ball is not dead when it is
being held for a field goal attempt, regardless of what happens afterwards. (1-8)
Live Balli)i) It is held in position by a player for the purposes of making a place kick, except on a It is held in position by a player for the purposes of making a place kick, except on a
kick off.kick off.
(2) RETRIVES
BALL…(3) PASSE OR RUNS
If the snap is fumbled, A12 may recover the ball legally and advance the ball provided that when he regains possession in (2), no part of his body, other than hands or feet, touch the ground. (1-8)
ON FIELD GOAL TRY MUFFS SNAP
2) PICKS UP THE BALL
3)Passess or runs
Live Ball
DEAD BALLThe ball becomes dead when:
a) A field official blows his whistle to end play.
b) The ball, or player with the ball in his possession goes out of bounds
DEAD BALL
c) Any score is made
d) The ball carrier is tackled, held and his forward progress is stopped.
e) A forward pass is declared incomplete, or it strikes a game official, the goal post assembly, downs box marker or distance chain rod,
f) It is in possession of a player lying on the ground or is being held by a player for a kick off, prior to the kickoff.
END ZONE
DEAD BALL
g) The ball is automatically dead when it strikes the goal post assembly in flight :
DEAD BALL
h) The ball is dead when any part of a ball carrier, other than his hands
or feet, touches the ground, even without contact by an opponent.
The ball shall be dead at the point where it was held when the ball
carrier touched the ground. (1-8)
Study Methods
• Develop an organized method of study• Rule by rule method• Theme method• Cover to Cover method• For detailed explanation of these study methods read
article entitled Using You Rule book/Case Book by Bill Glendinning NBFOA- readings section
Learn Intent of RulesNot Just “Black and White”
Improving Rules Knowledge
• Regular reading and study
• Attend study sessions
• Study rules related to the position being worked
• Exams as a learning tool• For detailed explanation of these study methods
read article entitled “GETTING INTO THE GAME”by Bill Glendinning NBFOA- support materials section
Learning the Rules
In conclusion as a starting official concentrate on:
• Basics to Play
• Legal vs. Illegal
• Then the Applications & Complications
Rule Study for Sideline Officials
• In Lesson 5 rules were introduced for requirements at the line of scrimmage and related fouls.
• In this section rules that apply to action of players along the sidelines and on the field of play that would involve the sideline official in passing situations are examined.
1. FORWARD PASS LEGAL OR NOT?2. SIDELINE FORWARD PASS COMPLETE OR NOT ?3. LINEMEN - INELIGIBLE NUMBERS
• Do worksheet entitled Worksheets 8 You Make the Call-illegal actions. Submit answers as directed
Illustrated Rule Book
• The Quebec Football Officials Association has prepared the illustrated rule book in an electronic format.
• Visual illustrations of rules often help in understanding what rules mean.
• The illustrated rule may assist in providing uniformity to the administration of the rules
• Illustrated rule book is located in the support materials section
Lesson 10Post Game and What’s Next
Post game meetings
Keeping a journal
Getting off to a good start
Pre game preparation
What’s next
Post Game Meeting
• At the end of every game , the post game meeting and follow up are a valuable learning tool for all officials and especially a new official.
• Post game meetings allow the official to:- Discuss your game while it is still clear in your mind
- Ask questions on play situations and rule (s) and their applications
- receive a critique from the referee and game supervisor
-comments provided to you should be viewed as constructive criticism and should be used a to identify areas of strength an areas where improvement is needed
Post Game Follow up
• Keep a journal (log book or diary) of what happened at your at your game
- List comments received and note the areas to work on for next
game.
- Identify what you plan to work on for your next game.
- Use as a check list, from game to game to track your
development.
Example: Identify something that you did differently and not necessarily wrong
Did I have a good/bad Pass Interference call?
Did I read the keys right?
Did I report the foul clearly to the Referee? Did I provide enough information
Getting Off to a Good Start Preliminary Preparation
1. Watch games as Official
2. Active Part of Meetings
3. Good Quality Equipment
4. Conditioning - 4 Quarters
5. Preseason Scrimmages
6. Learn the Basics First
Getting Off to a Good Start Pre-game Preparation
Know your FieldsKnow your Fields Travel with OfficialsTravel with Officials Be on Time – Be EarlyBe on Time – Be Early Be rested & Be SharpBe rested & Be Sharp Be ready for anythingBe ready for anything At the gameAt the game Have a Positive ApproachHave a Positive Approach Avoid Beginner’s Mistakes (Do’s & Avoid Beginner’s Mistakes (Do’s & Don’ts)Don’ts)
What’s next
• Submit your Level exam and have a year on field experience to complete the requirements for your Level 1 FCOCP.
• Start planning to enroll in the FCOCP Level 2 program.• All officials should strive to obtain their Level 3 certification. The first
3 levels of the FCOCP provides an individual basic knowledge of the basic field positions of:
Sideline official - Level 1
Umpire - Level 2
Referee/Back Umpire - Level 3
Hopefully you have started a lengthy and enjoyable career as a football official. The road may lead to higher levels of football at the university and perhaps the professional levels. Where ever the road leads have fun and enjoy the game.
Glossary of Terms
Appearance
a) Physical conditioning- to be able to stay in position, keep sharp, and pull your weight on the officiating team, physical conditioning is a must. - It doesn't come automatically- you have to develop it. - Seek qualified assistance in developing an appropriate program.
b) Appearance- Looking the part is half the battle - Sloppy, unkempt appearance is read by players and coaches as ineptness
Attitude
• Develop a positive attitude towards the Game, Players, Coaches, League Administrators, Fans and other Officials.
• Develop a co-operative attitude/atmosphere
• Give back to the game-share knowledge with others
Your Foremost Concern: The individual Athlete
The master official is primarily concerned with the protection of the players. In most instances his actions are prompted by this concern, for example
a) He wants to prevent injuries, and he knows that in many sports good officiating can prevent many damaging and unnecessary injuries.
b) He wants to encourage sportsman like behaviour, and he understands the importance of his job in promoting such behaviour.
c) He knows that correct rulings can motivate player improvement through the trial –and – error process.
d) He does not discourage questions on the rules, because he knows that players don’t know all the rules.
e) He wants to keep all the players in the game, and he knows that in many cases the ejection or disqualification of a player can be prevented.
(continued next slide)
Your Foremost Concern: The individual Athlete
continued f) He is willing to eject or disqualify a player when the rules and spirit of the game
demand such action because the protection of the other players and the quality of the game itself are involved. In addition, the particular player can learn from the experience of being disqualified.
The official who is able and willing to use “protection of the players” as his guide will be amazed at its effectiveness, especially in making difficult decisions. To test this theory, try it against any seemingly hopeless officiating situation that you can imagine. Ask yourself, what should be done for the players’ protection. Perhaps the indicated decision may not be completely acceptable, but
it will be the best decision if based upon concern for the individual athlete. The new official must be constantly reminded of his responsibility to the players.
SPORTS WAS CREATED FOR THE PLAYERS-not the officials
Certification Maintenance
In order to maintain you FCOCP level an official must work games at (1) the position (2) level of play(3) Score a mark of 75% on a the annual CFOA rules exam
Courage
- Make all calls to the best of your ability
- Don't hedge on difficult calls
- Don't be influenced by players, fans or coaches
-Anyone can call the obvious- the competent official makes the difficult calls in the manner described above
CFOACanadian Football Officials’ Association
The CFOA mandate:
1. Participating in the development and implementation of educational materials.
2. Developing programs to support the recruitment and retention of officials.
3. Providing a means of communication for membership associations.
4. Providing a vehicle of recognition to outstanding service across the country.
Challenges
• Take advantage of opportunities that present themselves.
• Make changes that lead to self improvement.
• Accept challenges (i.e. assignments, working on projects etc..
• Work on developing self confidence.
Confidence (Poise)
- Act deliberately- maintain a steady pace when calling infractions- even hesitate slightly on the obvious to develop this uniformity.
-Volatile situations require calmness on the official's part.
-Avoid the "I caught you" manner in your actions and instructions.
-Use your whistle with authority
Consistency
- Inconsistency is the coach's major complaint
- Know the intent of the rule and apply it accordingly
- The time of the game has no bearing on your calls
DATA TO FOOTALL CANADA
Mark will be registered with Football Canada
Football Canada will provide the official a certificate and card identifying the official's certification level
In order to retain a certain level of certification the official must be active at that level of play for which that level of certification is required.
Each year officials must write a CFOA exam and score a grade of 75%
Decisiveness
-Avoids the aspect of controversial calls
-Creates a positive image in terms of rule knowledge
-Hesitancy is the opposite to decisiveness
-If a decision has to be made - make it properly without delay
Set Deadlines
• Set deadlines for your goals
• Primary goals- what do wish to accomplish over the next year or so?
• Intermediate goals- where do you want to be in 3-5 years
• Long term goals- lifetime/career goals in officiating
Do’s and Don’ts of Officiating1. DO get physically fit and stay in condition
2. Don’t criticize other officials, be loyal and display confidence
3. DO know the rules thoroughly
4. Don’t fraternize with players or coaches during the season
5. DO communicate with your fellow officials. Assist the new official.
6. Don’t talk “out of school” to friends, players, press, etc.
7. DO cooperate with others and show good team work
8. Don’t lose your temper under any circumstances, be impersonal
9. DO be dedicated to the game
10. Don’t become personally involved in any play or incident . Stay detached from the game.
11. DO dress and appear clean and standard
12. Don’t argue with any player or coach about the rules, on or off the field.
13. DO put yourself above reproach in your personal behavior (betting, drinking, fraternizing)
14. Don’t have rabbit ears
15. Do have the courage of your convictions.
16. Don’t over –officiate
17. DO be courteous, but firm
18. Don’t coast or relax in a dull game
19. DO be consistent with your calls
20. Don’t threaten a player or coach, caution only
21. DO use your judgment. Warn first on technical fouls.
22. Don’t let players get behind you continued next side
Do’s and Don’ts of Officiatingcontinued
23. DO set your officiating pattern early and keep it24. Don’t turn your back on another’s mistake. Correction must be made at the time.25. DO cover your position and read the play situations.26. Don’t warn on roughness or objectionable conduct27. DO get the correct number of the penalized player28. Don’t make slow decisions. Better fast and wrong, than right and slow29. DO know for certain where the ball is if you are whistling the play dead.30. Don’t be half-hearted or hesitant in your penalty calls31. DO know where the ball is when you call a penalty32. Don’t be afraid to admit a mistake to the referee. He can wash out the penalty flag.33. DO assist the Referee in every conceivable way34. Don’t second guess in order to save a few steps35. DO call early and save yourself the last minute brawl36. Don’t walk away from close decisions37. DO check the penalty yardages, when it’s 5 yards, see that it is not 4 or 6,
and 10 not 9 or 11.38. Don’t second guess the Referee, or make any explanations to players, coaches ,
or fans of the call39. DO remember to use TINS when reporting penalties40. Don’t tell a team if they are one or men short or too many. Tell them” count your players”41. DO report penalties clearly and calmly42. Don’t call when you ”Have-not-Could-not or Did not” see the whole action. A bloody nose is not a
”punch”.43. DO stay with the Referee on your penalty calls.44. Don’t call on anticipation
(continued next slide)
Do’s and Don’ts of Officiating45. Do keep close to the play, always looking in
46. Don’t call blocking from the rear or blocking below the waist unless you saw the initial contact.
47. DO see the whole scene, not just the end of it.
48. Don’t defer to another penalty call, even though it’s different than yours.
49. DO get the furthest point of the advance of the ball.
50. Don’t throw a so-called ”back up” flag. Either you saw an infraction or you didn’t.
51 DO be responsible in your acceptance of game assignments
52 Don’t turn to the Referee immediately you have penalty infraction. Your coverage continues until the play is dead.
53 DO be punctual for games (at the pre-game start time)
54 Don’t call the penalty, just call the infraction. It is “Rough Play” not ”He’s out of the ball game”.
55 DO signal the infraction when reporting it to the Referee ??
56 Don’t hold conferences on the field near players of coaches.
57 DO check the score card at the end of the game for disqualification numbers
58 Don’t forget the game ball.
59 Do be prepared to talk over game procedures
Video and TV allow us to be looked at many times Video and TV allow us to be looked at many times over. We work in a fish-bowl, yet must go unnoticedover. We work in a fish-bowl, yet must go unnoticed
Duties and Mechanics
- Know where to be and when.
- Develop teamwork
- Being in the right place facilitates decision making
- Make use of clinics, manuals and training is to develop this aspect of your officiating
Educator
Briefly explains the rule and its proper interpretation
Football Canada
188
Oversees the operation of football in Canada .In 2007 Football Canada is under a major structural reorganization.
There are three grouping of football in Football Canada: Tackle ,Touch and Flag
In terms of officiating each has their officials organizations
Set Goals
• Set long term and short term goals.
• What do you wish to achieve as an Official?
• At what positions, levels, etc. do wish to officiate?
Hustle
- The key to better mechanics
- Visibly obvious
-Creates a positive impression
Integrity
The capable official wants to see the game progress correctly, without bias or inconsistency. In spite of pressures he will not be unduly influenced by the score, time remaining, or reactions of the players, coaches or fans nor will he be influenced by the direction of previous decisions. To a considerable degree, he sees each movement of the competition as a moment in itself, unconnected with what has happened previously.
In certain instances, great courage and personal confidence are required in order for an official to rule with absolute integrity, but this is exactly what he MUST do. Not even the home coach appreciates a "homer" official. Regardless of circumstances, the official must be completely honest in all phases of his job, especially in his appreciation of the rules, and his relationship with fellow officials, players and coaches.
Officiating integrity is a product of personal honesty and reliability. A potentially outstanding official can rise or fall according to the integrity he demonstrates.
SPREAD CONFIDENCE - NOT DISTRUST
Jobs of the Official
1. A smooth flow to the gameOfficials are present to administer the game and to assist in having
the game proceed in as smooth a fashion as possible. It is the Officials job to set the pace that allows the game to move quickly and smoothly
2. Game Played within the rulesa) A main function of an Official is to enforce the rules – to see that the game is played within the rules and within the spirit of the rules
b) Officials are there to ensure that no player takes an “unfair advantage” of an opponent.
c) Also part of the job, where possible, is to prevent fouls and injuries.
d) Always be concerned for “Player safety” as part of the rules “ enforcement”.
CONTINUED NEXT TWO SIDES
Jobs of an Officialcontinued
3. Little interferencea) Officials should NOT take the game away from the Players.
b) The game is for the Players and people go to the games to watch the play
and Players , not the Officials. c) One of the greatest compliments for an Official is to go unnoticed
because of his/her efficient handling of a game.
4. Preventing foulsa) Preventative officiating is the watchword for today’s successful Official.b) Positive action can often prevent Players from committing
fouls/infractions.c) Field presence can often be a deterrent to infractions being committed .d) Using your voice to give warnings and being in position to make rulings are great assets toward successful “preventative officiating”.
Jobs of an Officialcontinued
5. Making the Calla) Learn to recognize what is “LEGAL” and what is “ILLEGAL”
b) Recognize infractions/fouls and “MAKE THE CALL”
c) Don’t back away from the “CLOSE CALLS”.
d) Sometimes the best call is “A NO CALL”.
e) A rule of thumb to follow, “ NO HARM, NO FOUL”.
LEARN THE BASICS OF OFFICIATING
FIRST, details and refinements will come
with experience.
Judgment
- Related to knowledge and understanding of the rules.
-Developed through experience and self analysis
-An unending development project
-Each situation should be ruled upon within its own context
Learn from Others
• Observe other officials-observe high caliber /quality Officials
• Attend games to observe officiating mechanics
• Work with experienced Officials
• Attend clinics, conferences, weekly study sessions
LOCAL PROVINCIAL FOOTBALL OFFICIALS’ASSOCIATIONS
(FOA )
Local Football Associations (FOA)
provide officiating services to teams and leagues in their local area
are members of the CFOA
Mistakes
Learn from your mistakes
• Try to turn mistakes into a positive learning situation
• Avoid dwelling on the negative – move ahead
• Try not to repeat mistakes-dwell on how to correct the error
Objectivity
- Avoid popular decisions
- Judge each play on its own merits
-Ask yourself- "If I had to call it again, would i call it the same way?"
Official's Transfer
The President of the Local FOA will provide a transferring official with a letter identifying the level of football officiated by the official and
the certification level of the official
ON FIELD EVALUATION
On field evaluation
requirement for all levels except level 1
carried out on a the playing field with the official under actual game conditions
official must have an evaluation for every position at which he/she wishes to be certified
OTCFOOTBALL CANADA OFFICIALS’ TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Official Technical Committee (OTC)
A sub committee of Football Canada
The OTC is responsible for developing programs and training aids to improve and standardize football officiating in Canada at the amateur level
The OTC is charged with the development of the course conductor and student manuals for the Football Canada Officials Certification Program
Look the Part
• Work on conditioning-develop stamina
• Work at perfecting Positioning and Mechanics
• Know the Rules and their application
• Look Sharp on the field-Hustle, Hustle, Hustle
Positive Rapport
- Display courtesy and respect at all times
- Be human - yet remain in control
- Be approachable and receptive to questions
- Be aware of the image you are portraying
PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
• Provincial Associations
• govern the operations of football at the provincial level.
Psychologist
He understands the feelings of players ,coaches and spectators, and through his understanding he is able to show respect and in turn gain their respect.
Be business like in your approach to each game towards Players, Coaches, Administrators fans etc. You are there to do a job, not to be a “friend”
Reaction time
-The speed of the decision is directly proportional to its acceptance.
- Speed of decision leads to game control
-Anticipation of infractions leads to errors
-Poor reaction time limits officiating success
Restrictions
• Regional restrictions due to the level of play in your area
• Number of leagues, games played ,etc. in your area
• Availability for game appointments
• Work on developing self confidence
Rules KnowledgeIntelligent Rule Enforcement
The rules have evolved from the concentrated attention of many experts over a period of years. As such, the rules command respect and demand enforcement. The official is expected to show respect for the game and for the players by KNOWING the rules and ENFORCING them .To do otherwise usually brings unwanted consequences of disorganized games, unsportsmanlike acts and even the danger of injury
Applying the rules requires the use of judgment on the part of the master official. In particular instances he will refuse to call certain apparent violations, while in other circumstances, he will call almost invisible acts. He is concerned about preserving the ideal of the game through his rule enforcement.
The purpose of the playing rules is to ”TO PENALIZE A PLAYER WHO, BY REASON OF AN ILLEGAL ACT, PLACES HIS OPPONENT AT A DISADVANTAGE”
In rulings where judgment is permissible, the competent official is more concerned about the effect of the illegal act than the act itself. For example, the rules state that when an attacking player is blocking his opponent, his hands must be must be contact with his body. This rule is to prevent a player from reaching out with his hands to create interference and to prevent striking with the hands or fists. Blocking is supposed to take place with the body. If this rule was applied literally an infraction would occur anytime space was detected between the blocker’s body and his hands. No capable official would administer the rule that way, but would judge the act in terms of the total situation and the effect that it had on the play. (continued on next slide)
Rules KnowledgeIntelligent Rule Enforcement continued
This philosophy is essentially correct, because when properly employed, it assures that the spirit of the game prevails, rather than, exact and petty rule enforcement. Two cautions should be noted:
(i) The philosophy does not apply to all rules or even to most rules. A player is in bounds of out of bounds. In most cases, the official is asked not to exercise his judgment, but to call immediately what he has seen.
(ii) when the philosophy does not apply, the official must know and understand the correct rule interpretation so that his decisions are as consistent as possible. It permits the official to be flexible, but if he is inconsistent as well as flexible, both he and the game will soon be in trouble.
Rule Knowledge
-An exact knowledge of the rules and their intent is essential.
- Constant review is needed to stay on top
-Case books provide an excellent refresher
-Quizzes and exams should be used as learning devices by reviewing areas of error.
Salesman
• Influences players toward fair, clean and sportsmanlike play and away from unsportsmanlike conduct.
• Present and sell yourself as a competent Official to others
• Always use honesty and integrity in all aspects of the game.
• Make your calls/no calls to the best of your ability. Try not to be influenced by the score, time of game position on the field, fans etc.
Statesman
He speaks clearly and logically when it is necessary for him to speak
Limit your contact with those involved in the game to the affairs of the day:matters concerning the game, not a social visit/gathering
Sound Human relationships• It has been said with considerable truth that officiating is more like an art than a
science. Building sound relationships with fellow officials, players, coaches and fans while under fire of intense athletic rivalry call for an “artist’s touch”.
• (a) Relationship with Fellow officialsFor the most part, officials are on their own at the game. If their mutual support and team work break down, problems in other relationships will certainly increase.
The ability to team with fellow officials is an absolute essential to a well handled game. Uniformity of decisions is of utmost importance. Each must have complete faith in the other, and the greatest harmony must exist. Domination by one official may cause a poorly administer game. You should welcome the assistance and support of other, rather than resent the other making a decision which you feel is your responsibility. Your position, even though close to the play, may not have been advantageous. Always be ready to cover plays for the other official who may be momentarily caught out of position.ASSIST - DON’T RESIST - YOUR FELLOW OFFICIALS
(b) Relationships with players Good relationships between players and officials are of fundamental importance to effective officiating. Coaches and fans can sense the quality of player –official relationship, and their judgment of the official is influenced by the way they sense. Officials should be neither overly friendly nor aloof in their dealings with players. Players tend to mistrust an official who seems to be trying to win a popularity contest with both teams. They expect an official to act like an official who has an important job to do.
Sound Human relationshipscontinued
(b) Relationships with players continued(b) Relationships with players continued
The degree to which an official should try to be helpful varies The degree to which an official should try to be helpful varies considerably according to the level of play. In professional sports, a considerably according to the level of play. In professional sports, a particularly helpful official would be treated with amazement or particularly helpful official would be treated with amazement or scorn, whereas in youth contests a competent official will not scorn, whereas in youth contests a competent official will not hesitate to actually teach the rules at appropriate moments.hesitate to actually teach the rules at appropriate moments. A domineering or dictatorial official upsets the players. A domineering or dictatorial official upsets the players. Officials must be or at least act human and approachable. An Officials must be or at least act human and approachable. An official must show respect for players if he wishes to gain respect.official must show respect for players if he wishes to gain respect. When unsportsmanlike acts occur, they should When unsportsmanlike acts occur, they should be penalized, immediately, in as calm a manner as possible. UN be penalized, immediately, in as calm a manner as possible. UN sportsmanlike act usually create excitement and emotional sportsmanlike act usually create excitement and emotional reactions by players, coaches, and fans. What is especially needed reactions by players, coaches, and fans. What is especially needed is not anger or revenge, but an accurate and efficient penalty, is not anger or revenge, but an accurate and efficient penalty, enforced confidently and calmlyenforced confidently and calmly
USE YOUR STRONG POINTS TO WIN RESPECT( see USE YOUR STRONG POINTS TO WIN RESPECT( see next slide)next slide)
Sound Human relationshipscontinued
(c) Relationship with CoachesAs implied by the rules of most sports, contact between the
coaches and officials should be businesslike., friendly, respectful and LIMITED. The coach is concerned about an official’s mechanics and judgment. He is not likely to be concerned about whether or not an official wishes to be his friend. Under such circumstances , considerable tact is needed. Often the upset coach is he type that can be calmed down almost as easily as he became excited. A businesslike, but not unfriendly explanation of the decision may prevent serious consequences.
The official should not over –react to the excited coach, but he must enforce obvious infractions by the coach. If there is a choice between protecting the coach or the game, the game must be considered first.BE PLEASANT, BUT FIRM AND FEARLESS
(d) Relationships with Fans.
While the official’s main attention is directed to the game and the player, and partially to the coaches, the presence of fans cannot be ignored. The trend of an athletic event can be harmed by intense spectator reactions. However, this rarely occurs if the officials of the game do their work well, that is , they maintain good position, are decisive in judgment, an signal clearly.
Sound Human relationshipsSound Human relationshipscontinuedcontinued
Sound Human relationshipscontinued
• (e) Summary• Sound public reactions must be a part of
competent officiating because sports involve human beings with opposing loyalties. These human beings possess different backgrounds, abilities and emotional responses. In fact some of them will not like officials-period. Apparently the sports officials cannot satisfy everyone, nor should this be his aim. He should show respect for others, avoiding antagonizing anyone, and be approachable. His main efforts should be directed toward the best officiating job he can produce.
• MAKE DECSIONS CLEARLY.
Support
• Support is required:
a) at home (family support)
b) at work (employer and fellow employees)
c) from fellow Officials (work together as a
team)
Theory Clinics
• Teaches the fundamental skills technical skills,
• rules ,and mechanics knowledge , philosophy of officiating, and appreciation of the interpersonal relations which are required to become a top official
Time In and Out SignalsWhen will the Side Line Official Use them ?
• Time In
- given when down field for kick off
• Time out-called a foul- when play is over signal time out
- player injury
- on every play after three minute signal in the last 3 minutes of the second and fourth quarters, if you blow your whistle if ball dead in your zone
WRITTEN EXAMINATIONScontent of the theory portion of each level of the clinic is 75% theory and 25% rules.
Every level writes a written exam. Levels 2 to 4 must also complete an on field evaluation
Level 1 open book exam meant to familiarize a starting official with training material and rule book.
Level 2 to Level 4 write a formal exam
Passing levels areLevel 2 75%Level 3 80% Level 4 85%
Hard work
• Give 100% for every assignment, at all levels
• Work at self improvement
• Show interest and work towards achieving your goals
Why do we need capable officials to guide the game?
The competition is guided by capable official. Such officials cause the contests to be conducted as they were meant to be, and cause the result to be based upon player ability and observance of the rules. Officials should be guided by an overall aim of causing the game to progress smoothly with as little interference as possible.