foot step generation.pdf

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Abstract — In this paper we have presented the design

methodology of electrical power generation using foot step

for urban area energy applications. Man has needed

energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and well

being ever since he came on the earth. Due to this lot of

energy resource have been exhausted and wasted.

Proposal for the utilization of waste energy with foot

power human locomotion is very much relevant and is

very important for highly populated countries in INDIA

and CHINA, where the roads, railway stations, bus stands

and temples are overcrowded and millions of people

moving around the clock. By using such principle the

energy can be utilized in the whole area where the

mechanical energy is being converted to electrical energy

Keywords- Gear system;Shaft;Crank;Spur type gears.

I. I NTRODUCTION

The world is running on electricity generated by burning naturally available fuels like coal, natural

gasses etc. These bio-fuels can hardly quench the

thirst of electricity of the world approximately for the

next 100 years [1]. On the other hand burning these

bio-fuels cause massive environment pollution. To

prevent this nonconventional sources like wind, tidal,hydro etc are getting more popular in the field of

energy generation.

The need of power and the population both are

increasing day by day. This device uses people as the

fuel in the form of bodyweight [2]. Power generation

by foot step is already exists by piezoelectric effect.For piezoelectric effect output is very small and

number of crystal to increase to get sufficient outputand also cost effective. This idea is completely

different because it uses “FARADAYS LAW OF

ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION” for cutting

the flux by the coils.

In this project we are generating electrical power as

non conventional method by simply walking or

running on the foot step [3]. Non conventional energy

system is very essential at this time to our nation.

Non conventional energy using foot step isconverting mechanical energy to electrical energy [4].

I. DESIGN AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

During a casual walk when a person or loads press

the arrangement, then the upper surface of the iron plate move downwards. Due to the movement of the

plate the crank shaft getting mobility and further itdrives gear arrangements; SPUR type gears are more

preferable. According to theory two meshing gears

transmits rotational motion. The smaller gear is

rotating faster. Now to convert rotational motion into

linear motion, there must need to use another crank

shaft. This last shaft arrangement is different; a

strong magnet is connected at the end of the shaft.

Now during the conversion of motion the crank

moves in “TO AND FRO” motion with the magnet

and it moves through a hollow section which is

banded by coils. Now according to the “FARADAYS

LAW OF ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION”

for cutting the flux by the coils, there will be some

current flow measured from the copper wires, which

is AC by nature. Now to convert it to DC there is a

need to use RECTIFIER circuit and finally fed to the

battery for storing the generated power

Figure 1. 3D design of the system using CAD tool.

Electrical Power Generation Using Foot Step for

Urban Area Energy Applications

Joydev Ghosh

Microwave and Antenna Laboratory

National Institute of Technology

Durgapur, INDIA

[email protected]

Supratim Sen

EEE Dept.

Aryabhatta Institute ofEngineering and Management

Durgapur, [email protected]

Amit Saha

EEE Dept.

Aryabhatta Institute ofEngineering and Management

Durgapur, [email protected]

Samir Basak

ECE Dept.

Bengal College of Engineering

and Technology

Durgapur, INDIA

[email protected]

1367978-1-4673-6217-7/13/$31.00 c2013 IEEE



Figure 2. Simplified model of the design

I.

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS

The production of energy in this device is based on

“FARADAYS LAW OF ELECTRO MAGNETIC

INDUCTION”. Here induced EMF is produced by

moving magnet. LENZ’S law shows that whether a

magnet is made to approach to or recede from aclosed coil; an extra mechanical energy is to be spent

against the force of repulsion or attraction of the

magnet. The extra mechanical energy spent is

responsible for the corresponding electrical energy

involved in setting up the induced current in the

circuit.

Assume that N persons steps one by one on thedevice per minute.

∴Rotation of the crank= N revolutions per

minute=rotation of the first gear.

Now, power= mgh (1)

If a person of weight M kg steps over the device, then

the crank will have the power,

(Indicated power)=60

MNh watts (2)

Let the gear module m 1 for gear 1 and 2

Then the thrust force of the gear,

×=×× 1111

2η ω T m F T (Indicated power)=power

111

12

ω

η

T m F T = (Indicated power) (3)

Where, =1T Torque of 1st gear,

=1ω Angular speed of 1st gear,

If pressure angle of the gear is φ

Then, T F F =φ cos

Or,φ cos

T F F = (4)

∴Thrust force by gear 1 or radial force,

φ φ tansin T r F F F ==

Or, φ tanT r F F = (5)

Now, assume 1st gear have N 1 rpm, T 1 teeth and the

2nd gear have N 2 rpm, T 2 teeth.

∴

2

1

1

2

T

T

N

N = (6)

If T 1 =80 and T 2 =10,

Then we have, N 2 = 18 N (7)

Work done to compress the spring,

W=

2

2

1kx (8)

Where, k=spring constant,x= amount of length compressed,

Value of the spring constant should be large enoughto produce a force that can pull the crank half circular

way to complete one revolution. There are two cases

in electricity generation part,

Figure 2. Generation of electricity

There are two such cases, by which the process can

be completed,

Case 1: The magnet is approaching towards the coil.Case 2: The magnet is moving away from the coil.

Figure 3. Magnet approaching towards the coil.

1368 2013 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)



Incremental work per unit volume W δ needed to

cause a small change of magnetic field,

B H W δ δ .= (9)

Where, H =Strength of magnetic field.

Bδ =small change in magnetic flux density.

Rotation of 2nd

gear is converted to translational

motion in such a manner that the magnet approaches

towards the coil 22

1 N times and recedes from the

coil 22

1 N times.

Figure 3. Magnet receding from coil

That causes a “TO AND FRO” motion.

Change of flux linked to coil=dt

dB A

dt

d =

Φ (10)

Where, A=Area of the conductor.

=dt dB Change of flux density with time.

Induced EMF according to FARADAY’S LAW is

given by,

dt

d n Φ

=ε (11)

Where, n=number of turns of the coil.

Similar phenomena will happen if the magnet is

receded from the coil.

IV.HIGHER EFFICIENCY METHOD

For high efficiency in the axcel of the second gear,

there will be a strong magnet fitted in vertically, so

that when the gear will rotate due to human body

weight the magnet also rotate .The magnet is placed

in a loop type copper coil.

Fig.4 Axcel of the second gear

When the magnet start rotating according to the

Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, there

will be induced emf in the coil.

V. CONCLUSION

80 volt and 40 mA from one coil have been generated

from a prototype model as the first invention. The

second invention provides 95 volt and 50 mA from

one coil and this generated power can be used to light

LED array and to run DC fan after rectifying the AC

or can charge batteries.

REFERENCE

[1] A. Shiri, M. R. Alizadeh Pahlavani, H. A.

Mohammadpour, and A. Shoulaie, “Electromagnetic

Force Distribution on Cylindrical Coils' Body”, PIERS

proceedings, March 22-26, 2010.

[2] Y.L.Chow, M.M.A.Salama and G.Djogo, “Thevenin

source resistance of the touch transferred and step

voltages of a grounding system”, IEEE proceedings vol.

146, March 1999.

[3] Yuki Bunda, Kajiro Watanabe, Kazuyuki Kobayashi,

“Measurement of static electricity generated by human

walking”, SICE Annual conference 2010. [4]

A. Mohammadpour A. Gandhi L. Parsa, “Winding

factor calculation for analysis of back EMF waveform

in air core permanent magnet linear synchronous

motors”, IET Electric

Power Applications20th Sept , 2011.

[5] Dailey, Sandra J. , Carpenter, William F., “The

evolution of built-in test for an electrical power

generating system (EPGS)”, IEEEAerospace and

Electronics conference, vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 230-232, July

1989.

[6] Li, Zheng; Mao, Shaohua; Zhu, Shi, “Numerical

simulation reach of effect of external wind on flue gas

movement pattern in high rise building vertical shaft”, International Conference on multimedia technology

vol. 3, pp.-4010-4013, 2011.

2013 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI) 1369

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