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Folk Dances Of India
Folk Dances of India – Art & Culture for UPSC Exams
Folk dances help in exploring the rich cultural landscape of India. Each state or
region has a unique folk dance forms according to the myths and legends of that
state or region. It is a rich mix of composite art. Unlike Classical dance, Folk
dances are spontaneous, performed by the local people without any formal
training. Folk dances are confined to a certain section of the people or a particular
locality. The knowledge is passed down to each generation.
Here we discuss some of the unique folk dances in India.
Chhau
Source: ArmChairLounge
Chhau is a tribal martial art popular in the states of West Bengal, Jharkhand,
and Odisha. Chhau originates from ‘Chhaya‘ means shadow.
It narrates mythological stories. It is a form of mask dance in which martial
movements are used to narrate the stories.
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Sarpa Nirtya, Mayur Nirtya etc. are some of the natural themes used to Chhau
dance.
Saraikela Chhau in Jharkhand, Mayurbhanj (the mask is not used in this) in
Odisha and Purulia Chhau in West Bengal are the three main styles of Chhau
dance.
Chhau was inscribed on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage
of Humanity by UNESCO in 2011.
Veeranatyam
Veeranatyam is popular in the eastern and western region of river Godavari.
Veernatyam means ‘Dance of the Brave‘. It is a tribute to the God Shiva and
Goddesses Veerabhadra.
The dance consists of hand gestures, flaming tridents, and spears.
Colorful dhotis are the costume of Veeranatyam which is covered by sacred ash.
The dancer uses a big flaming plate of a palm and till the fire is extinguished, the
dance will go on.
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Dollu Kunitha
Dollu Kunitha is an outstanding and dynamic folk art of Karnataka.
The dance is confined to males with good physique. A hollow drum is tied on
the waist of the performer.
It is a religious and cultural ritual and is performed mostly by Kurubas, devotees
of Beere Devaru.
The dancers stand in a circle and moves as they start beating the drum.
Matki Dance
Matki dance is a folk dance popular in the state of Madhya Pradesh, especially
in the Malwa region.
It is a variation of Rasa dance. The love episode of God Krishna during his
younger age is depicted in the dance.
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Women perform it during marriages and festivals. Fingers or ring on the
finger is used to strike the empty pot while maintaining the time beat.
Dhol is the musical instrument used in this folk dance. Sari and lehenga are the
costumes.
Aada and Khada Nach are the popular variants of Matki dance.
Ootam Tullal
Ootam Thullal is a folk dance of Kerala. Kunchan Nambiar introduced it in the
18th century.
It is a solo performance where the performer act and dance during the recital.
The artist is accompanied by chorus singer, drummer, and cymbal player.
Mythological stories are the basis of chorus songs. Interprets of choicest and
select excerpts of Malayalam Literature is presented with immense beauty.
The performer also has the freedom to reflect his view of the audience.
Green makeup and colourful costumes are used in the dance.
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Kolattam
Kolattam is a folk dance originated in Tamil Nadu. This dance form is popular
throughout India.
Kolattam is derived from ‘Kol’ means stick and ‘Aatam’ means dance.
It is a dance performance by young girls with little stick held in hand to
celebrate the birthday of God Rama.
Pinnal Kolattam is a variety of Kolattam dance where the dance is accompanied
with songs or chorus that speak of trapping of sticks in rhythm.
Rouff
Rouff is a folk dance of Jammu and Kashmir primarily performed by women
during the harvest season.
The women dance in two rows. A form of a chain is placed on their arms across
one another’s back.
Bright skirts and draperies with silver ornaments are the costumes.
Dancers face is laden with smile and animation.
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Dancers create heavenly charm and delight.
Kalbelia
Kalbelia is a folk dance performed by the women of the Kalbelia community
ofRajasthan.
The dance movements and costumes are similar to Serpents.
The most popular musical instrument of this dance form is ‘Been’(Wind
instrument played by snake chain).
In 2011, UNESCO inscribed Kalbelia folk songs and dances in the Representative
List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Garba
Garba is a famous folk dance of Gujarat. Garba refers to “Garba deep” which is
am an earthen pot with holes.
It is a dance performed in a circular form by the village as well as urban women
with rhythmic clapping.
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It is performed during the occasion of Navaratri, Sharad Purnima, Vasant
Panchami, Holi, and other festival occasions.
Raslila
Raslila is a popular dance form originating in the Mathura and Vrindavan
in Uttar Pradesh.
The dance is based on the love stories of Radha and Krishna.
Some of the movements of the dance are common to that of Kathak.
The expression of dance is full of charm and freshness.
Bihu
Bihu is a popular dance form of Assam. It is performed in a group by both men
and women.
Pomp and gaiety are celebrated by the dancers wearing a colourful traditional
dress.
Rapid hand movement, group formation, and brisk footstep are the peculiar
features of Bihu dance.
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Bhangra
Bhangra is a best-known folk dance of Punjab. It is performed on all festive
occasions.
Dancers start going around with as many as new entrants as the time and
occasion demands, forming large circles.
The dancer’s speed and movement depends upon the drummer who stands in
the centre of the circle.
Rhythmic cry or joy is produced by the dancers when they reach the spirit of the
dance.
Padayani
Padayani is a martial folk dance performance of Kerala.
The name Padayani means a row of infantry. It is a very rich and colourful
affair.
Huge masks called ‘Kolams and wore by the dancers.
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The dance present interpretation of divine and semi-divine narratives.
Bhairavi, Kalan, Yakshi etc are some of the popular characters in Padayani.
Ghoomar
Ghoomar is the most popular folk dance form of Rajasthan.
It is mainly performed by veiled women wearing a flowing dress
called’Ghaghara’.
It is accompanied by all songs of love, glory, or defeat.
It is performed in all seasons.
Men also perform Ghoomar. Men and women dance in a circle where one half
is made of men and the other by women.
The dance accompanies instrumental and vocal music.
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Pata Kunitha
Pata Kunitha is a popular folk dance of Karnataka, especially in the Mysore
region.
It is a religious dance performed by men.
The dancers use long bamboo poles decorated with colourful ribbonsknown
as Pata.
It is extremely popular in all religions.
Another variant of Pata Kunitha is Puja Kunitha which is popular in Bengaluru
and Mandya region.
Some of other imporatnat folks dances are Dandya Raas, Tarangamel in
Goa, Charba in Himachal Pradesh, Dadra in Uttar Pradesh, Jawara in Madhya
Pradesh, Guar Maria in Chattisgarh, Alkap in West Bengal, Birha in Bihar, Paika in
Bihar, Jat-jatin in Bihar, Danda-jatra in Odisha, Tang Ta in Manipur, Singhi
chham in Sikkim, Mayilattam in Tamil Nadu, Butta Bommalu in Andhra Pradesh,
and Bhootha Aradhane in Karnataka.
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