Floodplain Management Conference Breaking Down Risk

September 9, 2015

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Alisa M Sauvageot, CFM Michael Baker International ASFPM NAI Committee Co-Chair

Risk MAP, NAI and CRS

NAI Review – Toolkit/Building Blocks

Understanding Mitigation Actions

CRS Applications

No Adverse Impact (NAI) is an approach that ensures that the action of any community or property owner, public or private, does not adversely impact the property and rights of others.

What Is NAI?

The true strength of the No Adverse Impact approach is that it encourages local decision making to ensure that future development impacts will be identified, considered on a watershed-wide basis and mitigated

What Is NAI?

It is a truly comprehensive strategy for reducing flood losses and costs.

How to Follow NAI? Identify ALL the impacts of a proposed development Drainage, Storage Sediment, Erosion Access

Determine which properties will be impacted Notify impacted persons of the impacts of ANY

proposed development

How to Follow NAI? Design or Redesign the project to avoid Adverse

Impacts Require appropriate mitigation measures Acceptable to the community Acceptable to the affected persons

Results of Following NAI Principle Potentially impacted persons are notified Impacted persons can voice concerns to community

officials Impacted persons are not victimized by improper

development

NAI Principle Leads to a Process Legally Acceptable Understandable Palatable to Community as a Whole Working around the Nation Non- Adversarial Not Pro Development Not Anti Development

NAI Floodplain Regulation Consistent with Sustainable Development Provides a Pragmatic Standard for Regulation Complements Good Wetland & Stormwater

Regulation Works Equally on both a Local & Regional Basis Provides Points for FEMA Community Rating System

(CRS) Program

Will reduce future flood damages

Will reduce future suffering

Will protect the communities natural resources and amenities

Will improve the quality of life Will provide for more sustainable

growth within the community Will reduce the community’s

liability

NAI Benefits

Improved water quality and reductions in non-point pollution impacts

Green corridors which also serve as additional areas for floodwater storage

Improved groundwater recharge Better bank stabilization and better erosion

control Most NAI initiatives provide credits for the

Community Rating System

NAI Potential Benefits

NAI Toolkit Not a specific set of standards – A PRINCIPLE! Incorporate the concept into all community activities Many options for NAI

Use NAI in community plans Adopt NAI regulatory or policy language Revise programs to include NAI concepts Create a master plan to address activities that impact

flooding

Hazard Identification (Mapping)

Planning

Regulations and Standards

Mitigation Actions

Infrastructure

Emergency Services

Education and Outreach

Community Activities that can Incorporate NAI

NAI Strategies

Building Blocks are grouped by:• Basic• Better• No Adverse Impact

Communities are encouraged to go beyond basic strategies

NAI Strategies

NAI Higher Mapping Standards Natural & Beneficial Functions

Identify Sensitive Resources

Information Sharing

Hazard Identification

Think big and small, current & future…

Explore hazards history & impacts...

Find stories (examples, anecdotes and photos) to supplement other data sources…

Hazard Identification

Planning

Comprehensive Planning Hazard Mitigation Planning Post-Disaster Planning Risk Assessment Public Involvement

NAI How –To Guide Tools

Think beyond emergency management:

• water supply availability and quality

• growth management in high-risk areas

• stormwater runoff and management

Consider your at-risk populations:

• Those with health & disabilities issues

• Those without transportation

• Those in high hazard areas

Planning

Regulation & Development Standards

NAI Natural Floodplain FunctionsEnhanced Watershed Protection

Let Floodplains ….Flood Preserve Beneficial Floodplain Functions Stream Restoration Adopt proactive development requirements

**How- to- Guide Planned for 2015**

Regulation & Development Standards

Preserve beneficial natural floodplain functions Adopt setback standards to establish minimum

distances from river channels or shorelines

Adopt buffer zone requirements between sensitive and developed areas

Transfer Development Rights Floodplain = Open Space X Zone = Higher Density Development

Implement stream restoration programs

Mitigation

Acquisition / Relocation Projects Waterway Restoration through Dam Removal Non-Structural Erosion Control and Shoreline Stabilization Sustainable Stormwater Management Mitigating Critical Facilities

NAI How –To Guide Tools

Master Planning Identify ALL impacts of each structural/ nonstructural

measure Address how to mitigate each impact to resolve: Flood flows/Flood levels Erosion/Sedimentation Water Quality Environmental

**How- to- Guide Completed in 2013**

Mitigation

NAI Plans and AlternativesInfrastructure

Master Greenway Plan Relocation of Critical Facilities Up size Culverts and Bridge Openings Green Drainage Systems; Natural Landscape Steam Restoration

**How- to- Guide Completed in 2013**

Infrastructure Use a capital improvement plan (CIP) to acquire land

for public uses – parks in the floodplain, channels and drainage structures, etc.

Restrict road development through flood-prone areas (wetlands, marshes, floodplains, etc)

Create a master greenway plan to link open spaces Stream restoration Regulate critical facilities out of flood zones

Pre Disaster – Impact evaluation of planned emergency operations Flood water diversion to open space

Post Disaster – Mitigation Procedures/ Grants Substantial damage inventory Acquisition/ Relocation plan Code Regulation /Enforcement

**How- to- Guide Planned for 2016**

NAI Pre- and Post-Disaster Preparedness

Emergency Services

Emergency Services

Pre-Disaster: Pre-plan your emergency response for flood events Educate the public about mitigation options Apply for grants to pro-actively deal with repetitive

losses Post-Disaster

Use the Residential Substantial Damage Estimator (RSDE) to determine level of structural damage

Regulate post-disaster construction to newer regulations

Train staff to CFM levelHost or participate in workshops, conferences, etc. where you can speak about NAI and distribute related materialsHelp educate children about environmental issues and flood/hurricane/tsunami safety education

NAI Education and Outreach

Education/Outreach

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Target specific audiencesModify existing outreach effortsYour message should be:

know your hazardsunderstand how your actions could adversely

impact othersidentify how community members can protect themselves and others

Education/Outreach

Risk MAP, NAI and CRS

NAI Review – Toolkit/Building Blocks

Understanding Mitigation Actions

CRS Applications

Mitigation –Local Hazard Mitigation PlanCommunities (& Private Property Owners) Hold the Key to Mitigation and Resiliency!

Statement of a community’s values and what is important Forms alliances to allow for creative, holistic, integrated

solutions to address a community’s identified risks and concerns

Framework for risk-based, collaborative decision making involving community stakeholders

Long-term action strategy to reduce disaster losses and increase community resilience

Mitigation ActionsFour Types of Mitigation Actions1. Local Planning & Regulations

Control Development Use Building Codes and Standards NFIP Program Compliance Participate in CRS

2. Structure and Infrastructure Projects Relocate Structures Elevate/Retrofit Structures & Utilities Floodproofing Build Flood Control Facilities

Mitigation ActionsFour Types of Mitigation Actions3. Natural Systems Protection Preserve Floodplains as Open Space Restore Natural Flood Mitigation Features

1. Education and Awareness Programs Educate Citizens about Flood Mitigation

Mitigation ResourcesFEMA Hazard Mitigation Planning Website (http://www.fema.gov/multi-hazard-mitigation-planning)

Local Mitigation Planning Handbook (March 2013) Mitigation Ideas: A Resource for Reducing Risk to

Natural Hazards (January 2013) Integrating Hazard Mitigation Into Local Planning: Case

Studies and Tools for Community Officials (March 2013)

Risk MAP Discovery Process Engage community stakeholders Introduce/enhance flood risk discussions to support

flood risk section in LHMP Discuss multi-hazard issues, as necessary and

appropriate

Mitigation Best PracticesUse the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

Highlight existing mitigation activities/efforts and successes

When successes are visible to Community Officials and the Public there can be more support for continuation of efforts

Highlight Risk MAP studies and mapping updates Highlight environmental regulations as multi-hazard environment

Many regulations are for natural hazard mitigation (building codes, subdivision ordinances)

Develop Multi-Hazard solutions Other hazards have flood risks (floods follow fires) National Forest Service and other land managers have mitigation

technical teams for wildfire After Action reporting and funding Collaborative planning is an opportunity to address secondary

hazards and develop multi-hazard solutions

Mitigation Best PracticesThe Value of Field Work

Field verify risk analysis results Use local staff as collaborators on field visits High water marks are great ways to visualize

flood data RL and SRL often stem from the same

problem Data and field work can be a solid basis for

flood mitigation / floodproofing strategies Mitigation Workshops help bring field crews

and the public together to verify flooding issues & develop strategies

Mitigation Best PracticesIntegrate natural hazard mitigation into other planning and regulatory processes

Comprehensive / General Plan and Specific / Area Plans

Zoning Ordinances and Municipal Codes Building Codes / Project Permit Review Process *Capital Improvement Plans/Infrastructure Programs Functional Plans

Stormwater Management, Transportation Improvement, etc.

Special Programs Tax increment financing or other funding mechanisms

Focused Community Initiatives Climate changes, urban forestry, downtown planning,

economic development, healthy communities

Mitigation Best PracticesIntegrate Natural Hazard Mitigation into your Capital Improvement Plan

Open space for habitat and sea level rise/flooding

Recreation areas and retention basins

Rain gardens for groundwater recharge

Floodplain restoration for habitat for natural predators of pests

Mitigation Best PracticesRisk Analysis with DFIRM Data DFIRM GIS data used to produce locally defined flood models for use in

mitigation planning to enhance risk analysis Elevation data and DFIRM data used to produce depth grids for Hazus and

other GIS flood risk assessment models Understanding flood depth and damage is important for identifying flood

risk at local level Hazus outputs and other GIS analysis can help communicate the localized

flood risk at the census block or parcel level Google Earth tool to show possible flood losses Develop flood mitigation strategies for areas with most damage potential

Mitigation Best PracticesImplementation through Grant Programs

FEMA Unified Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) Programs Hazard Mitigation Grants Program (HMGP) Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Program Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program

US Housing and Urban Development Sustainable Communities Regional Planning Grants and Community Development Block Grants (CDBG)

National Park Service Land and Water Conservation Fund Grants

Transportation Enhancement Grants

Risk MAP, NAI and CRS

NAI Review – Toolkit/Building Blocks

Understanding Mitigation Actions

CRS Applications

Mitigation - Community Rating System (CRS) as a Best PracticeVoluntary Program

Application Program administration Compliant Community Assistance

Visit (CAV) Elevation Certificates (EC)

Program Goals Reduce/avoid flood damage to insurable property Strengthen/support the insurance aspects of the NFIP Foster comprehensive floodplain management

Participating Communities Have higher standards to reduce flood losses Individuals have reduced flood insurance premiums

Mitigation - Community Rating System (CRS) as a Best Practice

300 Public Information Elevation Certificates Map Information Outreach Hazard Disclosure Flood Protection Information Flood Protection Assistance Flood Insurance Promotion

400 Mapping & Regulations Mapping Open Space Higher Regulations Flood Data Maintenance Stormwater Management

500 Flood Damage Reduction Floodplain Management Planning Acquisition and Relocation Flood Protection Drainage System Maintenance

600 Warning and Response Flood warning and Response Levees Dams

Mitigation - Community Rating System (CRS) as a Best Practice Opportunities for Action

Determine Areas at Risk Depth Grids New Study Involve the public Create a plan to resolve Execute Plan

Mitigation –Actions Provide Credit 320 Map Information Service 410 Floodplain Mapping 510 Floodplain Management Planning 520 Acquisition and Relocation 530 Flood Protection

On Site Retention

Detention

Summary

NAI is a Principle – Not a Set of Regulations Evaluate Development Communicate Impacts NAI Works with Regulations & Planning Capitalize on Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Process

Highlight success & list creative solutions Implement Mitigation in All Types of Plans Use Multi-Objective Management Strategies Develop Risk MAP Products Be Creative with Grant Funding Align Mitigation Processes with CRS Credits

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