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INTRODUCTION PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPY

Truly Sitorus, dr.,Msi.,SpFKPHARMACOLOGYThe knowledge of drugHystory, source, physical & chemical properties compounding.Biochemical & physiological effects & mechanism of action, absorption, distribution, biotransformation (metabolism) and excretion.Therapeutic & other uses of drugs.PHARMACOLOGYHISTORYA.Fleming:Observed the mold contaminating one of his cultured.The cultured was lysisMold Penicilium sp

PENICILLIN : Drug killed bacteria, gram +

CH2PENICILLIN GPHARMACOLOGYCHNH2OHAMOXCICILLIN

killed gram + & gram - bacteria

PHARMACOLOGYSOURCE

1. Plant 2. Animal3. SyntheticA drug is a single chemical substance that forms the active ingredient of a medicine.A medicine may contain many other substances to deliver the drug in stable form, acceptable and convenient to the patientINTRODUCTIONCH = O

N|C = O|NH2

DRUG (WHO)Any substance (products) that is used to modify or explore the physiological system or pathological state for the benefit of the recipient.

DRUG benefit and benefit risk cost

INTRODUCTIONCHEMICAL NAMEBased on the chemical structure of the drug.CH = O

N|C = O|NH25 karbamil, 5H- dibenz (b.f) azepin CARBAMAZEPINIt is cumbersome and not suitable for use in prescribingDRUG NOMENCLATURGENERIC NAMEIs the International name of the active ingredient of a medicine, given by WHO.International Non Proprietary Name (INN)Pharmacology & Therapy : the use INN (Generic Name)Example:CARBAMAZEPINACETAMINOPHEN (PARACETAMOL)BRAND NAMEIt is the name assigned by the manifacturer (s) and is property or trade mark.One drug (active ingredient compound) have multiple propriety names.Example: PanadolCalapolPyrexinBodrexCuponalPropyreticOscadonDapyrinPyridolParamexDepanasSanmolTempraDuminSaridonBiogesicIsacom SumagesicContratempMigranTurpanNufadolPamolTyitepParacetamolprogesicXepamolPARACETAMOLGOVERMENT REGULATIONEFFECT OF PHARMACOLOGYTHE GOAL OF THERAPYTHE DISEASE TREATMENTOTHERSCLASSIFICATION OF DRUGDRUGSNON ETHICAL DRUGSETHICAL DRUGSOTCSEMI - OTCPOTENTNARKOTICI. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON GOVERMENT REGULATIONSold without prescribingNo cautionary labeling unlimited drug (B-drug)OTC : Over the CounterLabel:Green dot in packageExamples:VitaminKUNLIMITED DRUG (OTC)Sold without prescribingWith cautionary labeling limited drug (W-drug)Semi-OTC : Could may acerbate existing medical problemLabel:Green dot in packageExamples:AntacidDecongestansMetampironAntifungal SystemicLIMITED DRUG (SEMI-OTC)KSold with prescribing (W-drug)Label:Red dot in packageExamples:AntibioticsAntihypertensionOral hipoglicemic drugInjectionKPOTENT DRUGPsychotropic is a subtance or drug, natural or synthetic, that is not narcotic which has psychoactive effect through selective effect in Central Nervous System that causes characteristic change in metal activity & behaviour.IV: ChlordiazeposideDiazepamNitrazepam

SPESIFIC POTENT DRUG(Psychotropic-UU No.5/1997)Only for science & forbidden to be used for other purpose.

Its forbidden to be produce, except in limited for development of science

Example: 1. Papaver somniferum2. Cannabis Sp.3. HeroinNARCOTIC DRUG GROUP IUsed for health services and/or for development of science.

Distribution is regulated by the government.

Example : morphine

NARCOTIC DRUG GROUP IIUsed for health service and/or for development of science.

Example:- Codein- Asetildihidrokodein

NARCOTIC DRUG GROUP III1. Analgesic Reduce pain sensation- Analgesic Opioid (morphine)- Analgesic non-opioid (aspirin)2. Anti-InflamationReduce inflammation process, sign- A.I. Steroid- A.I. Non-steroid3. Antihypertension4. Sedative-hypnotic5. Hipoglycemic agent6. OthersII. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT1. Symptomatic drugDrug used to decreased the symptom- Analgesic Opioid (morphine)- Analgesic non-opioid (aspirin)- A.I. Steroid- A.I. Non-steroid2. Causative drug- Antibiotics (:penicillin G)- Anthelmintic (:mebendazole)III. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE GOAL OF THERAPY1. Anti Allergy

2. Anti Ashmatic

3. Anti hypertensionIV. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE DESEASE TREATMENT1. Pharmacodymanic drugDrug affecting the organ function (vasodilator, bronchodilator)

2. Chemotherapy drugDrug affecting the foreign bodies (bacteria, carcinoma, viral)

V. CLASSIFICATION BASED ONDRUGMANY DRUGHIGH COSTESSENTIAL DRUGBRANDED GENERIC

Essential drugs, are those that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the populations.The essential drugs should be available in the appropriate dosage forms and strength at all times.The choice of such drugs depend on many factors, such as:The pattern of prevalent diseaseThe treatment facilitiesThe training and experience of the available personnelThe financial resources; environmental factors

ESSENTIAL DRUGBRANDED GENERIC[OBAT GENERIK BERLOGO]symbol : G

GOOD QUALITY(Should produced by Good Pharmaceutical Industry)LOWER COSTGeneric pharmaceutical products marketed under brand names.BRANDED GENERICCURATIVE DISEASEEradicate the cause of disease (e.g. bacterial, virus, fungus, parasite)Penicillin:gram (+) bacteriaCotrimoxazole:gram (+) bacteria, gram (-)Acyclovir:viralQuine:protozoaKetoconazole:fungalMethotrexate:cancer cellTYPES OF THERAPHY2.SUPRESSIONSuppression of disease or symptoms is use continuously or intermittently to maintain health.e.g.:HypertensionDiabetes MellitusEpilepsyAsthmaTo control / relief the symptom of the disease SYMPTOMATIC DRUG.e.g.:Analgesic drugAntipireticExpectoranMucolitycAntitusif

3.SUBTITUTIONSubstitution drug use to overcome the deficiency condition.e.g.:Oralit: DehydrationHormone Insulin: Diabetes MellitusVitamin: AvitaminosisCalcium: OsteoporosisFolic acid: Prevent teratogenic

4.PREVENTION (PROPHYLAXIS)Primary PreventionThe person does not have the Pathologist condition, it use to be prevented from getting disease.VaccinationContraceptionFolic acid

Secondary PreventionThe patient has the disease and the objects is to reduce risk factors and to retard progression.e.g.: Aspirin for angina prectoris myocard infection

The drug must be taken by the patientsThe drug must reach the site of actionThe drug must interact with receptor at site of action and producing effect.

How can drug produces effects?Drugs may be introduced into body in variety of ways.

Route of drug administration

How can drug produces effects?

How can drug produces effects?How can drug produces effects?

DRUG:To improve quality life and quantity of lifeChoose for patientHigh benefit risk ratio andHigh benefit cost ratio

CONCLUSIONA cheerful heart is good medicine but a crushed spirit dries up the bones !!THANK YOU