First Political PartiesFirst Political Parties

Chapter 8, Section 3Chapter 8, Section 3

We will learn…We will learn…

How political parties got started and what positions they supported

How John Adams and Thomas Jefferson became candidates of opposing parties in the election of 1796

Washington's FarewellWashington's Farewell

Washington warned against Washington warned against permanent alliances with foreign permanent alliances with foreign nationsnations– This will be U.S. policy until almost This will be U.S. policy until almost

19001900 He also described the “evils” of He also described the “evils” of

political parties and warned that political parties and warned that they would divide the nationthey would divide the nation

Political PartiesPolitical Parties

Modern Political Parties Today’s Democratic Party traces its roots to Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans. The modern Republican Party, however, was not founded until 1854.

Study Guide recap:Study Guide recap:

Precedents – examples or traditions to be followed

Neutrality – not choosing sides Impressment – British practice of

kidnapping American sailors National debt – amount a nation’s

government owes

Study Guide recap:Study Guide recap: Bill of Rights – first 10 Amendments

added to the Constitution Anthony Wayne – General that defeated

the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

John Adams – first vice president Aaron Burr – Jefferson’s running mate in

1796 Little Turtle – chief of the Miami people

Study Guide recap:Study Guide recap:

Judiciary Act of 1789 – allowed Congress to establish a federal court system

Edmond Randolph – first attorney general Alexander Hamilton – first Secretary of the

Treasury (responsible for the finances) Edmond Genet – French diplomat who

tried to recruit Americans to fight against the British

Study Guide recap:Study Guide recap:

Question #2Federalist – Alexander Hamilton - rule by the wealthy class, strong federal government, British alliance, national bank, loose interpretation of the ConstitutionDemocratic-Republicans – Thomas Jefferson - rule by the people, stronger state governments, French alliance, state banks (no national bank), strict interpretation of the Constitution

Origins of PartyOrigins of Party

FederalistsFederalists Originally Originally

described someone described someone who supported the who supported the constitutionconstitution

Applied to people Applied to people who supported the who supported the policies of policies of Washington’s Washington’s administrationadministration

Origins of PartyOrigins of PartyDemocratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans Newspaper Newspaper National National

GazetteGazette started by started by Philip Freneau helped Philip Freneau helped turn public opinion turn public opinion against Federalistsagainst Federalists

Help from Thomas Help from Thomas JeffersonJefferson

Jefferson and Madison Jefferson and Madison organized people who organized people who disagreed with Hamiltondisagreed with Hamilton

Basic DifferencesBasic DifferencesFederalistsFederalists Stood for strong central Stood for strong central

governmentgovernment Supported BritainSupported Britain Favored shipping (exporting) Favored shipping (exporting)

interestsinterests Favored a National BankFavored a National Bank Favored protective tariffsFavored protective tariffs More support in the northMore support in the north

Basic DifferencesBasic Differences

Democratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans Wanted to limit government powerWanted to limit government power Emphasis on agricultureEmphasis on agriculture Wanted to ally with FranceWanted to ally with France Favored state banksFavored state banks Favored free tradeFavored free trade Favored strong state governmentsFavored strong state governments More support in the southMore support in the south

LeadersLeaders

FederalistsFederalists Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton George WashingtonGeorge Washington John AdamsJohn Adams

Democratic-Democratic-RepublicansRepublicans

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson James MadisonJames Madison

View of the View of the ConstitutionConstitution

FederalistsFederalists Loose interpretation of the Loose interpretation of the

ConstitutionConstitution Thought the government had Thought the government had

“implied” powers“implied” powers

View of the View of the ConstitutionConstitution

Democratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans Strict interpretation of the Strict interpretation of the

ConstitutionConstitution Also thought government had Also thought government had

“implied” powers but only to be “implied” powers but only to be used when absolutely necessaryused when absolutely necessary

People’s RolePeople’s RoleFederalistsFederalists Supported representative Supported representative

government – elected government – elected officials ruled for the officials ruled for the peoplepeople

Didn’t want public to be Didn’t want public to be involved in politicsinvolved in politics

Public office should only be Public office should only be held by educated, honest held by educated, honest men who could protect men who could protect people’s rightspeople’s rights

People’s RolePeople’s Role

Democratic RepublicansDemocratic Republicans Feared strong central Feared strong central

government controlled government controlled by a fewby a few

Thought liberty was Thought liberty was safe only when ordinary safe only when ordinary people participated in people participated in governmentgovernment

DO NOW: 3-2-1

Political Parties Emerge(use pages 267 – 269 to help you)

• 3 reasons why two distinct political parties were created

• 2 opposing view points on each side

• 1 leader for each side

Election of 1796Election of 1796FederalistsFederalists Nominated vice-president John Adams Nominated vice-president John Adams

for president and Charles Pickney for for president and Charles Pickney for vice-presidentvice-president

Expected to carry New EnglandExpected to carry New England Adams won the presidencyAdams won the presidency

Election of 1796Election of 1796Democratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans Nominated Thomas Jefferson for Nominated Thomas Jefferson for

presidentpresident Strength was in the southStrength was in the south Won vice-president (electoral Won vice-president (electoral

college elected president and college elected president and vice-president separately)vice-president separately)

Country now had a Federalist Country now had a Federalist president and Republican president and Republican

vice-presidentvice-president

DO NOW: Use the map to DO NOW: Use the map to answer the questionsanswer the questions

1. Who are the candidates in the election?

2. Which states split their electoral vote?

3. What are the three new states that were not part of the first election?

4. Why would the coastal areas of MD, VA, and NC support the Federalists?