first humans
TRANSCRIPT
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Early Humans &Early Civilizations
Unit 1: 8000-600 BCE
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Eras to Know:
Paleolithic Age Neolithic Age
1 million - 8,000 BCE 8,000 - 3,000 BCE
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First Humans
Australopithecus
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens:
Neanderthals
Homo sapiens sapiens
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First Migrations
Out of Africa
Eurasia
Australia
The Americas
The Pacific
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First SocietiesBands of 25-50 people
Nomadic with little to no food surplus
Egalitarian
Gender-based division of labor
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First Societies
Economy & Environment
More leisure time
Low life expectancy
Slash & burn agriculture
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First SocietiesSpiritual life
Rock art
Some monotheistic
Levels of supernatural beings
Cyclical view of time
Patterns
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Settling Down
Improved living conditions
More permanent villages
Societies became larger & more complex
Store & accumulate goods
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Beginnings of AgricultureNeolithic Revolution
Deliberate cultivation of plants & taming of animals
Replaced hunting & gathering
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Beginnings of Agriculture
Common Patterns
Improved conditions
New knowledge & technology
Disappearance of many large mammals
Growing populations
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Beginnings of AgricultureVariations
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Agriculture Goes GlobalDiffusion vs. displacement
Bantu Migrations
3,000 BCE
Paleo people were absorbed, killed, or driven away
10,000 years to go global
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Agriculture Goes Global
Population increase
Environmental transformations
Health deterioration
Technological innovations
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Social VariationPastoral Societies Agricultural Villages Chiefdoms
•Relied on animals•Herders, pastoralists, or nomads•Central Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Sahara•Moved seasonally•Relative gender equality
•Horticultural farmers•Banpo or Jericho•Social & gender equality•Catal Huyuk•Kinship groups•Some economic inequality
•Inherited positions of power•Relied on generosity not the use of force•Mesopotamia, Pacific Islands, North America•Patrilineal descent•Many jobs for chiefs
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The First Civilizations
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Indus
Aryans
Shang & Zhou
Mesoamerica & South America
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What makes a civilization?
Food Surplus
Cities
Specialization
Trade
Social Stratification
Organized government
Complex religions
Written language
Arts/architecture
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