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2alh Times 3Adhn & Iqmah 6Shurt of alh 13Arkn of alh 16Arkn, Wjibt & Sunan of alh 18Makrh Acts of alh 24Mubh Acts of alh 25Difference between Men and Women in alh 26altl-Musfir 27Nullifiers of alh 30Acts that Allow Departure from alh 31Sujdl-Sahw 32Praying in Congregation 33The Masjid 38altl-Nfilah 39altl-Jumuah 45Other Congregational alh 47

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alh Times 3Adhn & Iqmah 6Shurt of alh 13Arkn of alh 16Arkn, Wjibt & Sunan of alh 18Makrh Acts of alh 24Mubh Acts of alh 25Difference between Men and Women in alh 26altl-Musfir 27Nullifiers of alh 30Acts that Allow Departure from alh 31Sujdl-Sahw 32Praying in Congregation 33The Masjid 38altl-Nfilah 39altl-Jumuah 45Other Congregational alh 47

Content

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alh Times 3Adhn & Iqmah 6Shurt of alh 13Arkn of alh 16Arkn, Wjibt & Sunan of alh 18Makrh Acts of alh 24Mubh Acts of alh 25Difference between Men and Women in alh 26altl-Musfir 27Nullifiers of alh 30Acts that Allow Departure from alh 31Sujdl-Sahw 32Praying in Congregation 33The Masjid 38altl-Nfilah 39altl-Jumuah 45Other Congregational alh 47

Content

3Start End

Fajr True dawn (al-Fajrl-diq)Once twilight becomes visible lengthwaysacross the sky, connected to the horizon

H. Bukhri Prophet S.A.W. gesturingthe way true dawn appears, asexplained by Al-Zuhri: Spread left and right horizontally Appears in the high sky Lower down is not the real dawn

Not the false/first dawn (al-Fajrl-Kdhib)A short time where a small amount oflight appears directly overheadbeforethe true dawn

Sunrise (ul al-Shams)

uhr Sun starts to decline to the West post itszenith (zawl/midday)

Al-Isra, 78 from the time the sun ispast its zenith

Mlik, Amad, ShfiOnce the shadow of each object is thesame as its length + length at zenithAbu anfahOnce the shadow of each object is twicethe length of the original object + lengthat zenith

H. Bukhri Delaying of uhr when theheat becomes intense

Ar Just after uhr Before the sun has set (the disk of thesun disappear from the horizon)

H. Bukhri a rakah of the Arprayer befor the sun sets

When the sun becomes bright andyellow

H. Muslim time for Ar continues aslong as the sun has not becomebright

* Valid but makrh to pray this late

alh TimesKey adth: adth of Jibril, adth of Jbir ibn Abdullah

4Start End

Maghrib Once the sun has set and the diskdisappears on the horizon

Majority (Anf, anbilah, mostapparent from the Shawfi, old opinionof Shfi)Until twilight remains in the sky

H. MuslimThe time for Maghrib continues aslong as the twilight has notdisappeared

Twilight is anbilah, Shfiyyah

(and now anafi madhhab as well)Redness in the sky(from statement of Ibn Umar R.A.)

Abu anfahWhiteness that remains on thehorizon after the redness untildarkness fall

Isha MajorityOnce redness and twilight hasdisappeared from the sky

MajorityJust before the break of true dawnBased on statement of Ibn Umar +general rule that one prayer must startat the end of the next prayer(except for Fajr)

H. Muslim Negligence is when one doesnt praya prayer until the time of the nextprayer comes

Witr After Isha Just before the break of dawn

ConcencusBest time is to praystraight after sunset- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Length of MaghribMlik, new position of ShfiTime it takes to make wuu, put some clothes on, do the adhn and iqmah, and pray 5 rakah(Based on their understanding ofhadth of Jibril)

Preferred timeUntil a third or half of the night(night starting from Maghrib to Fajr)H. Tirmidhi I would have ordered them todelay their Isha until a third of thenight or half

5anafi Mliki Shfi anbali

Fajr DelayedPrayed once the sky has started tobecome brighter and lighterWhy? H. Tirmidhi

Pray Fajr when it becomesbrighter*, for it is greater inreward*Shfi, Amad, Isq saidisfr in the hadith doesntmean brighten, shine, anddelayed, but a bit lighter andclearer that Fajr has actuallystarted

From the aql: more peopleattend a later jamahmore reward

From the aql: less time to waituntil sunrisemore peoplecan pray 2 rakah after sunrise(Ishrq) huge reward

Earliest timeGainpleasure ofAllhH. Bukhrialh at itsappointedtime = Deedmostbeloved toAllahH. Tirmidhi,Draqutni Beginning= pleasureof Allh

Middle =mercy ofAllh

End =pardon ofAllh

* Bothnarrationsare weak inthe NasbMay delayprayer if itmeans onewill catchthecongregation

Earliest timeExcept uhrduringintense heat

Earliest timeExcept Isha uhr

duringintenseheat

Maghrib ifit iscloudy

uhr DelayedUntil it gets cooler in the hotcountries

HastenIn autumn and winter

Ar DelayedMore nawfil can be done beforeit (makrh to pray after Ar)

Maghrib EarlyA brief time to sit or 3 verseslength between the adhn andiqmah

Isha DelayedUntil the a third of the night haspassed

Witr DelayedUntil the end of the night

Preferred alh Times for the Madhhib

6Linguistic: Root word: adhdhana Proclaim something publicly (with force), to make people

know something

Additional adhn (not for prayer time itself) Before Fajr adhn After uhr adhn for Jumuah prayer

(from the time of Uthman R.A., since the number ofpeople in Madinah was growing)

Technical: Act of worship for Allah with specific dhikr After the entering of the time for a prayer Informing of it

Sunnah to do it loudly even when there is no one elseH. BukhriHuman, jinn, other creatures will bear witness on the Day ofResurrection

MakkahSmall number, could make jamah without any call

Madinah, 1st yearMasjidl-Nabi was built to offer alh regularly

Madinah, 2nd yearIncreased number of MuslimsCalled out Al-altl-Jmiah, but only those who heard thecall came need another way to inform people Blow horn Jews Ring bells Christians Kindle a fire Fire-worshippersProphet S.A.W. disagreed

The words of adhn from Abdullah ibn Zayd R.A.s dream recognized by Prophets S.A.W. as true called out by Bill R.A. confirmed by Umar R.A.s dream

dhn

Historyof thedhn

7Great rewardsH. BukhriPeople would draw lots to give adhn or be in the first row

Witnessed by all creaturesH. BukhriHuman, jinn, other creatures will bear witness on theDay of Resurrection

Prophet S.A.W. duaH. Abu Dwd, Al-NaGuide the Imm and forgive the Muadhdhins

Muadhdhinn = Tallest NecksH. MuslimSalaf and Khalaf differed over the meaning of this: Higher, thus safe from drowing

(people will be sweating so much) Craning their necks to look at their huge rewards

(spread so far) Metaphor for being leaders and best of mankind

(long neck is a sign of honour and respect)

Satan will run awayH. MuslimSatan runs and passes wind with noise in order not tohear the adhn

Shfis, HanbilahMuadhdhinAl-Fuilat, 33Who speaks better thansomeone who calls peopleto Allah* Some consider this torefer to the muadhdhin

HanafisImmah and IqmahProphet S.A.W. and hisKhulaf R.A. succeed eachother in the prayer, not theadhn

Nevertheless, the rewards for Muadhdhin is HUGE Ibn Masud

Wouldnt care to do Hajj, Umrah, or Jihadif he had been a Muadhdhin

Umar Al-KhaabWould be a Muadhdhin if it wasnt for the Khilfah

Virtue ofthe

dhn

Imm vsMuadhdhin:Who isbetter?

8Opinion Adhn Iqmah

WomensCongregation

Mlikiyyah, Shfiyyah No.May cause fitnah.Sunnah to besaid silently.

anafiyyah No.

anbilah Not legislated.

IndividualPrayer

Shafis position,emphasized by anafiyyah Recommended.

Mlikiyyah No. Recommended.

anbalis position Far kifyah.

Missed Prayer

Shafis opinion, emphasizedby anafiyyah Recommended.

MlikiyyahNo.

Adhn is to notify thetime, which hasalready passed.

Recommended.

anbalis position Far kifyah.

MajoritySunnah Muakkadah (established sunnah)to be performed in Masjid for 5 daily prayersand Jumuah only

anabilah, Ibn TaymiyyahFar Kifyah (communal obligation)Ibn azmCondition for a prayerEvidences of the obligation of adhn H. Bukhri

When it is the time for the prayer one of you shouldpronounce the adhn...

H. Amadadhn is not given shaytan has overpowered them

H. Al-TirmidhiSoldiers must not attack where Masjid can be found andadhn is heard

Ruling ofthe dhn

9Given at the start of the actual alh time

In Arabic

1

2

Performed by a male Muslim3

Loud enough for people to hear (or oneself in iqmah)

Maintain order of statements

4

5

Performed by one individual in its entirety6

Shurt of the Adhn

10

Allhu akbar, Allhu akbar (2x)

Ash-hadu all ilha illAllh (2x)

Ash-hadu anna Muammadar-raslullh (2x)

Hayya alal-alh (2x)

Hayya alal-fal (2x)

Allhu akbar, Allhu akbar

L ilha illAllh

Words of dhnAdhn of the Kfyn (i.e. Al-Thawri, Abu anfah) 15-word version

Mliki19 - word versionSaying the Shahdatainquietly to oneself beforesaying out loud.

Al-alatu khayrun minan nawm (2x)

all f rilikum

Adhn of the Fajr alhMlik, Shafi , Amad2 adhn before the start of Fajr upon the start of FajrDuring the time of Prophet S.A.W. 1st adhn: Bill 2nd adhn: Abdullh Ibn Umm

Maktum

Abu anfah1 adhn upon the start of FajrAhll-HadithIf there are 2 muadhdhin: 2 adhn(one adhn by each muadhdhin)Only if the people are used to it and itdoes not disturb them

During adverse weather that could harm themuallin Pray at home

Said after Hayya alal-fal except for Fajradhn, where it should be said at the end(clearer)

Said after Hayya alal-falIf there is 2 adhn:During the 1st adhn (Telling people to wake up)

If there is 1 adhn: Majority + 4 imms: Still included Minority: Not included as the adhn is not meant to wake people up

Additional Words

11

The Muadhdhin

The People

The Act of CallingIn the state of purity

Stand

1

2

Call from elevated area

Face Qiblah

3

4

Raise voice loudly5

Insert the index fingers into theears6

Turn the face right and left uponsaying the ayalatayn7

Right at the beginning of alahtime

Slow down

8

9

Follow rules of Tajwd

Call the Iqmah

10

1

No foreign speech11

Should not demand payment2

Those in the Masjid should notleave after the adhn3

Respond to the adhn1

Iqamah quick

Saying Alhamdulillah after sneezing? Some say OK as long as done quietly

(part of dhikr) Safer position: Say after the adhnResponding to Taslm? Raise hand/finger (similar to in

alh) and respond later

But can accept payment

Sunnah to respond to muadhin i.e.real person, not a recording etc. (butOK to respond = dhikr)

Good adab not to speak during theadhn (listen and respond)

No prohibition to start praying duringthe adhn

How to respond to the adhn? Repeat the exact same words At the Hayalatayn, one sometimes

respond with the Hawqalah: L hawlawa l quwwata ill billh

During the Shahdatayn, sins can beforgiven (a Muslim) by sayingAsh-hadu all ilha illAllh, wadahu lsharka lah, wa anna Muammadanabduhu wa rasluh, ratu billahi rabb,wa bi Muammadir-rasl,wa bil-Islmi dn

Recite dua after adhn2

Avoid being disrespectful orcausing fitnah (confusing people)

* Not conditions of the AdhnEtiquettes of the Adhn

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A call to stand up to establish the actual alh

When to stand up?Upon seeing the Imm entering the prayer area toperformthe alh.

Unanimous agreement Repeat statements of adhn Include Qad qmati-alh after saying Hayya

alal-falHow many repetitions? Shfi, Amad (top)

Once each, except for Qad qmati-alh (repeated twice) 11-word iqmah

MlikOnce each

Abu anfahTwice for all (like the adhn), including for Qad qmati-alh (repeated twice) 17-word iqmah

Responding to the iqmah?No evidence except the one that ask to respond to theMuadhdhin.

Dua after the iqmah?No evidence for this (only for adhn).

Iqmah

Words ofthe

Iqmah

13

Performed after the time has started

Purification from minor/major ritual impurities

1

2

Removal of physical impurities from the body and the place of worship3

Linguistic: Plural of Shar (the sign, the indicator)Technical: Evident and constant attribute Absence necessitates the absence of the action Presence does not automatically bring about its object Separate from the essence of the act itself

Islam Puberty Sound mind Purity (for remale)

Required and acquired to validate alh Prior to establishment of alh Not part of alh

Covering the Awrah

Facing the direction of the Qiblah

4

5

Al-Niyyah6

*

* See further explanation

*

*

Continuation of the acts of alh without any long intermission7

Avoiding any foreign speech (unrelated to alh)8

Shurof alh

Pre-requisitesfor obligating

alh

Conditions forvalidating alh

14

Covering the Awrah

Facing the direction of the Qiblah

4

5

Unanimous agreement: Most preferable to fully dress up in best mannerMinimum for men: Navel knees (majority) Navel thighMinimum for women: Entire body except the face and the handsCovering of the womens feet: Abu anfah, Ibn Taymiyyah:

Not obligated in lah (treted as the hands), but ought to outside lah(according to most preferable opinion in the madhhab)

Mlik, Shfi, Ahmad:Obligated in and out of lah

Accidental exposure of Awrah: Judging principle: shaiun fhish (something shocking) based on uruf (cultural standard)

Depends on time (length of exposure) and size (area uncovered)

Explanation

Kabah is visible: Unanimous agreement:

Obligated to face the Kabah itself

Kabah not visible: Abu anfah, Mlik, Ahmad:

Sufficient to face the estimated direction Shfi:

Obligated to face Qiblah exactly (by following someones knowledge or bythe best ijtihd possiblenot supported in adith

Wrong direction? Need to repeat if one is in a Muslim area but did not ask around

(unless if they had it wrong) OK as long as one follows his/her best ijtihd OK in nafl prayers while travelling

Conditions forvalidating alh

15

Al-Niyyah6

Explanation

Definition: Acts of the heart Concerning the actions of the Mukallaf (the accountable party)Niyyah must match the action.

Change of niyyah: Should be avoided Permissible in certain situation, e.g., praying alone immShafi allows imm and makmm to have different niyyah.

There is no evidence about the statement of niyyah that is uttered by thetonguemay become bidah if taken as part of alh

The last moment for niyyah is during the first Takbr; one should make it beforestarting the prayer.

Conditions forvalidating alh

16

Most important phrase:att tamainnaUntil you reach a state of al-umannah

What is al-umannah? State of peace, relaxation Not in a state of motion

The opening Takbr

Standing

1

2

Recitation of Qurn

Ruk

3

4

Sujd5

Linguistic: Plural of Rukn (strong corner where a structure is built) Pillars / integrals / essentialsTechnical: Evident and constant attribute Absence necessitates the absence of the ukm Presence does not automatically bring about its object Part of the essence of the acts itself

Remember toinhale andexhale!

Tashahhud (Final sitting)6

Abu anfah considered theabove hadith as the only oneauthentic enough to classifyan action as a rukn.

Others are classified asobligations (make it easier forpeople to pray)

Second Opinion

Arkn ofalh

HADITH ofthe One whoErred in His

Prayer

6 Arkn (Abu anfah)

14 Arkn(Mlik, Shfi, Ahmad)

First Opinion

17

Qiym

Takbratul Ihrm

1

2

Recitation of Qurn (Al-Ftihah)

Ruk

3

4

Rising up from Ruk5

Sujd6

Coming up from Sujd

Sitting calmly between two Sajdah

7

8

Sitting during the last Tashahhud

Recitation of the last Tashahhud

9

10

Recitation of alawt Al-Ibrahimiyyah11

Taslm12

At-Tumannah13

Maintaining the order of the Arkn14

SecondOpinion

Also in the first opinion

14 Arkn(Mlik, Shfi, Ahmad)

18

Rukn Wjib Sunnah

Placing a sutra in frontMarking the praying area ~1 footafter the place of prostration another person can walk infront of the sutraFor individual prayer only. Sutra forcongregational prayer is the imm.

1. QiymStanding for those whoare able to

If unable sit on thefloor use chairliedown

Sitting in nafl prayer ispermissible

Spreading between the feet instanding position

2. TakbratulIhrmSaying Allhu AkbarTakbr in otherlanguage/form? Majority: No Abu Hanfah: Allowed

Takbr in otherlanguage (e.g. Persian)as the intention is topraise Allh. Can alsouse implied meaning,e.g., AllhKabr

Saying Takbrbetween positions

Raising handsShafii, Ahmad Opening Takbr Before bowing After rising from ruku After finishing first TashahhudNo. 2 and no. 3 are more relaxedthan the one for the openingTakbr; No. 4 is closer to theopening Takbr.

Abu Hanfah, Mlik Opening Takbr only

Position of handsHadith varied In line with the ears In line with the shouldersTop position:Upper part of the hand in line withthe ears, lower part of the hands inline with the shoulders

Arkn, Wjibt and Sunan Acts of alh

Hadith 3 that break the prayer:donkey, black dog, women

Breaking of prayer may be interpreted asdecreasing the reward.To be safe, repeat the prayer if one of theabove passes through a persons praying area

19

Rukn Wjib Sunnah

Position of fingers/palm Fingers relaxed, not too close

together, but not spread out Palm straight forward

Folding the right hand on the lefthand* Abu Hanfah, Ahmad

Under the navel Shafii

Below the chest Ibn Khuzaymah

On the chest

Folding of the hands Placing the right hand on top of

the left hand/arm; or Clasping the wrist of the left

hand with the right hand; and Not dropping the left handMlikhands by the sides (not folded) action of tabiin before him(e.g. Abdullah ibnZubayr)

Imam Mlik considered folding ofthe hands not an important pointalthough the hadith is reported inMuwatta Imam Mlik

Looking towards prostration spot In ruk: Looking straight down In tashahhud: Looking at the

finger

Commencing with the prescribedduaDua Al-Iftitah: Various options(in Hisnul-Muslim)

20

Rukn Wjib Sunnah

3. Recitation of theQurn

Majority(exc. Abu Hanfah)Reciting Al-Ftihah

Saying Basmalah (part ofAl-Ftihah) in Jahri alh Abu Hanfah, Mlik,

AhmadNot out loud

ShafiiOut loud

Recitation of Al-Ftihahby the mamm Majority

No need in Jahri alh(imm has recited).Otherwise, yes.

Shafii, AhmadReciting Al-Ftihah isa must in everyrakaah

Abu HanfahReciting Al-Ftihah

TamnSaying mn after finishingAl-Ftihah

Abu Hanfah, MlikPronounced silently

Shafii, AhmadPronounced out loud whenrecitation is done loudly

A short silence before and afterrecitation of the Qurn

Reciting a Srah after Al-FtihahProphet S.A.W. recited srah inthe first two rakaah but left itmost of the time in the third andthe fourth raka ah (allowed torecite)

Length of srah Fajr: Longest Zuhr/Asr: Medium (1 or 2

pages) Maghrib: Verses (~At-Tn) Isha: Verses (~Al-Zalzalah)

Mininum: A verse(but the context must be suitable)

In silent prayers (uhr/Asr),mamm can recite on their own Shafii: strongly encouraged

4. Ruk Bowing down straight back straight legs hands on knees,

relaxed

RecitingSubnarabbiyal-am1x

Completing it 3x

21

Rukn Wjib Sunnah

5. Rising up from ruk Until standing straight asbefore ruk

Reciting SamiAllahulimanamidah,followed by(Allahumma) Rabban(wa) lakal-amd

6. SujdProstrating on 7 bones forehead + nose (1)

Shafii: excluding nose hands (2) knees (2) toes (2)It is permissible for theforehead not to touch theground if the ground too

cold/hot or no space for sajdah.But intentionally avoidingthe forehead fromtouching the ground isimpermissible.

RecitingSubnarabbiyal-al1x

Completing it 3x

Keeping feet together

Optimum Feet together Feet and toes pointing

towards Qiblah Straight back Hands approximately at Takbr

position Fingers relaxed

7. Coming up from Sujd Sitting position Iftirsh (sitting on left foot,

right foot propped up) Irkia (sitting on heels)

8. Sitting calmly betweentwo Sajdah

Reciting dua(Hanbali)Rabbighfirl(3x)

Reciting dua (Majority)Combination of narrations in AbuDwd, al-Tirmidhi, Hkim, IbnMjah and othersRabbighfirl,waramn, wafin,wahdin, warzuqn, wajburn

Sitting down andreciting the firstTashahhud

22

Rukn Wjib Sunnah

Placing hands onthighs duringTashahhud

Pointing out the indexfinger duringTashahhudHadith: ProphetS.A.W.s fingersshowing 53

Different opinions Flat/closed hands Index finger

moving/remain up

Top position: Indexfinger pointing withoutmovement, from thebeginning to the end

9. Sitting during the lastTashahhud

Sitting in TawarrukSitting on the floor, tucking leftfoot under the right shin

Different opinions Mlik: Yes Shafii: Yes, in all prayers Ahmad: Yes, but only in last

Tashahhud of a prayer withmultiple Tashahhuds(not in 2 rakaah prayers)correct

Abu Hanfah: No tawarruk

10. Recitation in the lastTashahhud

11. Recitation of alawtal-Ibrahimiyyah

Recitation of prescribed duaafter the final Tashahhud

23

Rukn Wjib Sunnah

12. TaslmSayingAssalmualaikum atthe end

Turning the face* uponpronouncing the final SalmTurning only the head, showingcheek to the right only to the right and then to the left

May include warahmatullh +wabaraktuh

Optimum:Saying Assalmualaikumwarahmatullh while turning tothe right, and then to the left

13. TumannahBeing tranquil in everyrukn

Minimum Legal: Enough time for

dhikr Practical: Enough time

to inhale and exhale

14. Maintaining theorder of Arkn

24

Parts of db

Omitting the wjibt intentionally

Moving without excusable reasonWhen is it too much movement? Shfi: 3 movementsIf there is a need to move (e.g. ringing handphone) Minimize movement Keep to praying position as much as possible

1

2

Closing the eyesWhy is it makrh? Not looking at prostration spotPermissible if one cannot concentrate

3

Looking away from prostration spot

Praying while in need to go to the bathroom

Yawning Sign of disrespect

4

5

6

Spreading the forearms on the ground (in sujd)7

Dressing untidily

Wearing clothes with distracing designs/images

Wearing tight clothes

8

9

10

Makrh actsin alh

does not nullify alh does not require sujd as-sahw as compensation but take away from the reward of alh

25

Praying behind someone who is praying or sitting

Moving/taking action in order to remove imminent harm

1

2

Assisting the imm if he makes a mistake Not mustahhab unless the mistake is so bad Not to take over imms place

3

Responding to the salm by raising the hand

Responding to a caller by sign

4

5

permissible not rewarded not punished

After alh respond to the salm in person

Mubah acts in alh

26

Covering of awrah

Correcting imms mistake

1

2

Position of imm3

Recitation4

Men Women

Navel knees Entire body exceptface and hands

SayingubnAllh

Clapping hands(on the thighs)

In front of the line Middle of the first rowCan be out loud Not out loud (in case

men were present)

Manners of the alh5

For example: Men: Raise hands to the ears Women: Raised hands to the shoulders Men: Spread hands out in sujd Women: Bring hands to the side Men: None Women: Bring stomach close to thigh Men: Sit on left foot, prop up right foot Women: Sit on heels

Hadith Bukhri: Pray as you have seen me pray.

No evidence supporting differences in the manners of the alhBut majority of the scholars (including the 4 imms) hold the opinion that women shouldpray in a manner that befits a woman (in order to protect her physique).

?

Differences betweenMen and Women

in alh

27

Qasr means to shorten the alh that are 4 rakaah(uhr, Asr, Isha) to 2 rakaah

An-Nis, 101 no blame on you if you shorten the prayer ifyou fear that those who disbelieve will cause you distresss

H. Bukhari & Muslim Those days are gone This is a charitythat Allh, the Exalted, has bestowed upon you, so accept Hischarity.

Abu anifah Wjib Mlik (top position) Highly recommended Shfi , Amad Permissible concession

4 ImamsDistance of travelling 3 days(on foot) or 3 nights and 2 days(by camel)approx. 81 km / 50 miles

Group of Salaf and Ahll-HadithAs long as it is called safar ortravelling (according to uruf)

Ruling of Qar

Minimum distance to allow Qar Very littleevidencese.g. Umar R.A.travelled fromJeddah to Makkah(about 80 km) andshortened hisprayer* Prophet S.A.Wnever mentionedthe distanceBoth opinions arenot free of criticismSome abahs left Arab for 10 yearsand shortened their prayers all the time

Less practical

Reasons to allow Qar Hardship Dependency Distance

altl-MusfirQar

(Shortening)

28

Pray full rakaahUndecided?

Follow the imm(pray full rakaah)

Followingcongregation at alocal Masjid?

Still pray the Nafl?(Rawtib andothers regularnawfil)

Shfi Yes

SaabahNo, except for Sunnatl-Fajr and Witr

After leaving the city limitNot at home, not only after 81 km

Where does Qarstart?

Unanimous agreementAs long as one does not intendresidency

For how long?

Abu anfah15 days +

Time period thatconstitutesresidency?

Mlik, Shfi4 days +(excluding day ofarrival/leaving)Amad21 prayers +

Sh. Uthaymn, Salafi scholars,Ahll-HadthNo limit, as long as life is unstable

altl-MusfirQar

(Shortening)

29

Jam means to combine uhr and Ar, Maghrb and Isha

Jamu Taqdm Earlier: at the time of uhr/Maghrb Jamu Takhr Later: at the time of Ar/Isha

Mlik, Shfi, Amad Permissible (at best)Not sunnah as some Muslims thought

Abu anfah Not legislatedHe gave explanation for each situation where Prophet S.A.W.combined the prayers (except for the Jamu Taqdm for uhrand Ar, and the Jamu Takhr for Maghrb and Isha duringthe Day of Arafah)

At-Tirmizi People of knowledge do not combine the prayersunless they are ACTUALLY travelling(does not take advantage of the concession)Quran Perform the prayers at specified times

Excessive rainFor those who pray at the Masjid

Excessive fearSh. Uthaymn defined this as so much stress and anxiety thatone cannot focus, e.g., during war

Unique pressing neede.g. Long surgery, exam, unexpected trafficHadith Prophet S.A.W. combined prayers in Madinah withoutdanger or rain didnt want hardship for his Ummah

Jam as-suri (anafis) Delay the former alh prior to end of its time Praying the latter alh at the beginning of its time

Possible to offer imageof combining salh?

Legal excuse ceased toexist before the timefor the later alh?

No need torepeat thealh

Type of Combining

Ruling on Combining

Combining at other times

Travellingby plane?

Best to adjust your traveltimePray at the airport

altl-MusfirJam

(Combining)

30

Foreign speech

Eating / drinking

1

2

Continuous foreign acts3

Deliberate exposure of Awrah

Losing state of purification

4

5

Permissible to correct theimm with a few words

Getting in contact with najsah

Laughing

6

7

Hesitation in regard to intention8

Omitting a rukn without returning back

Omitting a wjibah without excusable reason

9

10

Preceeding the imm

Arrival of water for someone who prays with Tayammum

11

12

Giving salam deliberately prior to reaching the end13

Returning back to middle Tashahhud after standing up to the 3rd raka ah14

With sounds

Follow the imms position, not his words Cant see? Dont move to quickly Cant see or hear? Make new jamaah or pray individually

OK according to some scholars; not OK according to the majority.

OK if dry (moisture is the transferring factor) OK to carry a clean child put down if child has dirtied his/her pants Not OK to carry najasah from the start of the prayer

Nullifiers of the alh

Or going back to any of the wjibt after one has missed itShfi: Makmm needs to correct imm

31

Rescuing someone in harm

Protecting property from possible theft

1

2

A woman tending the food on the stove3

Urgent need for the bathroom4

Answering the call of parents (in Nafl alh)5

Acts that AllowsDeparture from alh

32

Cause No. 1: Forgetfulness

Prostration due to forgetfulness

Adding what is not from alh1Example: Reciting Ftihah in Tashahhud Giving Salm before its time Prolonging the sitting positionbetween two Sajdah (like sittingfor Tashahhud)

Adding extra rakaah

Omitting what is in the alh*2From the WjibtExample: The first Tashahhud

Cause No. 2: Doubt

Unsure how many Rakaahone has prayed1

What to do? Take the lower number Do sujdl-sahw

Before or After Salm?BukhriComplete the alh TaslmSujdl-sahw

Strongest opinionAfter the taslm: When you add something When you have doubt, thenremember that youre OK

Before the taslm: When you omit an obligation When you have doubt and have tobuild upon that doubt

Need to say Tashahhud again?

Mliki, anbali, Shfi No anafi YesH. Abu DwdProphet S.A.W. forgot,made two sajdah, said Tashahhud, and uttered Taslm

Sujdl-Sahw

33

If someone who did his alh enters a Masjid, should hejoin the congregational alh?Yes. This will be counted as a nafl for him.Except for Ar (no nafl after it).

Shfi Far kifyah Abu anfah, Mlik Sunnah muakkadah Amad Far ayn Al-ahiri Rukn (far alh valid in Masjid only)

Men

Women

Pray at the Masjid

Pray at home

Unanimousagreement

Ruling of congregational alh for men

Minimum 2 people (1 imm, 1 mamm)

One congregation in one Masjid Shfi Should not repeat congregation in Masjid Jbir Ibn Abdullah OK to repeat in mualla Majority OK to repeat in Masjid

Hadith Prophet S.A.W. asking thecompanions who will give charity to his brother(join another companion in his prayer)

Congregation

Counted as praying in congregation if Manage to join before salm (touch imm + takbr)Rewarded as praying in congregation if Intended to join but could not make it(no need to rush be quick but calm)

Latecomers

Praying inCongregation

34

Imm shouldensure that thelines are straightbefore he starts

the prayer

Female imm In all-female congregation?Shfi, Amad A woman can leadAbu anfah It is strictly abominableMlik It is invalid

Straight by the heels (not the toes) Shoulder to shoulder Sunnah for the feet to be touching (not obligatory)Hadith that mentions ankle to ankle, shin to shinWhat does it mean?The emphasis is on lining straight,not literally on the physiques

Lines in the congregation

Muslim Sound mind Male

Rules of the Imm

At the age of pubertyAbu anfah, Mlik, Amad (majority) BalighShfi Age of recognition (7 to 9 onwards)

H. BukhriAmr ibn Salamah R.A. lead acongregation when he was 7

Knowledge of the basic rulings of alh Knowledge of how to read the Quran properly

Not necessarily a fiPreferably one who is the most versed

* As long as the imm does not change the meaning ofhis recitation, the prayer is valid

Praying inCongregation

Imm andMamm

35

Imm leads while seated?Permissible.Mamm will pray standing if they are able to.

Abominableacts in

leading thealh

Imm is openly fsiq (disobedient)or mubtadi (innovator)

Imm is disliked by the people

Imm prolongs the alh(in general)

Imm prolongs any act of alh to letlatecomers join in

(this matter is differed over)

Imm and mamm of different madhhabs?Permissible.

Imm has already performed his alh earlier?Permissible.

Host or guest as Imm?The host should be the imm(unless if he let the guest lead).

Imm breaks his wu?Imm should leave to renew his wu.Another person will take his place and lead the prayer. Importance of having knowledgeable personbehind the imm

* If none of the mamm could lead, the imm may signalfor them to wait, renew his his wu, and continue tolead them.

Imm andMamm

36

1 male mamm stand on the right side of imm 2 or more male mamm stand behind imm 1 female mamm stand directly behind immThe congregational lines start with Male adults; followed by Male children; and Female children; and Female adultsIf the women are praying in a separate area,they may occupy the front rows

Position of the Mamm

By the actions, not the soundsThe back rows should follow the row in front of them ifunable to see the imm

Minimum = mamm can hear the imms voice should delay a bit before moving to another actto avoid preceding the imm in his action

Following the Imm

Shfi Ftihah + srah in silent prayerFtihah only in prayer done loud

Abu anfah Should not recite anythingin both kinds of prayer

Mlik, Amad, Should recite in silent prayerAhll-Hadith Should not recite in prayer done loud

Mamms Recitation

Imm andMamm

37

Walk with tranquility (no running) Place and steady himself in line Should not stand alone behind the lines Starts with the opening Takbr Do his moving Takbr Follow the imm

Stand up after the imm gives his Taslm to make up themissed rakah

Etiquettes of the latecomer

Example:Imm is in his rukMamm do the opening takbr stand takbr ruk

A rakah is counted if mamm manages to join the imm inhis ruk Imm is still in ruk (not on the way up) Mamm makes his ruk with umannah (not just bybowing)

That rakah is considered his first.He should make up the missed rakah as usual.

Making up the missed rakah

Example:Joins the congregation during sajdah of the 2nd rakahof Maghrib.

Stands up after imms Taslm to do his 2nd and thenhis 3rd rak ah

Mammas a

latecomer(Masbq)

38

Multipurpose masjid? Grave in a masjid?

Menstruating women in Masjid?

Non-Muslim in Masjid? Sale and trade in Masjid? Serving food/drink in Masjid? Sleeping in Masjid? Decorating the Masjid?

Bringing young children to Masjid?

Allowed.

Built in residential area Be cleaned and perfumedH. Amad, Abu Dwud

Rules of the Masjid

In principle, not permissible.One should avoid going to it. However, it is permissible topray in it as long as the grave is not in front of us in thedirection of qiblah.

4 imms Not permissible Contemporary scholars

Permissible with conditions:- She does not soil the Masjid with menstrual blood- If there is no place for pure women to pray leave to make space for them

Allowed.

Not allowed.

Allowed, butshould avoid.

Avoid excessiveness in decoration one of the signs that Judgement Day is near

Dislikedmay disturbed the others

EtiquetteMake du a for Going to the Masjid Entering the Masjid Leaving the Masjid

TheMasjid

39

altl-Nfilah

(Supererogatory)

Significance H. Ibn Mjah, Ibn Hibbn

The obligatory will be completed from the voluntary

Day or night? Night prayers are better greater difficulty/sacrifice

At the masjid or at home? The sunnah is to pray regular nafl at home

Praying while seated without any excuse? Allowed, but the reward will be less

Individually or in congregation? Individually, except for some congregational nafl prayer

e.g. Tarwh, Khusf & Kusf, Istisq, Khawf

Units? In units of two Shfi No units of 4 anafi Units of 4 is allowed

Performed during prohibited times? No for the regular nafl prayers Yes for certain situations

e.g. eclipse occurring just before uhr Kusf

40

What? When? How?

Al-Rawtib Most regular optionalprayers

Performed inassociation withobligatory alh

Before/afterobligatoryalh

10 Rakah H. Bukhri, Muslim 2 before uhr 2 after uhr 2 after Maghrib 2 after Isha 2 before Fajr12 Rakah H. Muslim, Tirmidhi Same as above except4 before uhr (2 extra)

14 Rakah H. Muslim, Tirmidhi Same as above except4 after uhr (another 2 extra)

Al-Witr Single prayer (oddnumber of rakah)done after Isha alh

Considered wjib bysome

Hadith One whodoes not do witrnot from us

Shouldnt leave iteven when travelling

After Ishaalh untilbefore Fajrtime

Sunnah tomake it thelast prayer ofthe night

Rakah 1 infinity Optimal: 3Unit of prayer 2 + 2 + .... + 1 anafis Continuous, only 1tashahhud

Qunt Sunnah during the last unit Sunnah to make short dua Before or after ruk In Arabic onlyPosition of hands in Qunt anafis Recite Quran Takbr Qunt while folding thehands (like when recitingQuran)

Shfiis Raise handsProphet S.A.W. sometimes did,and sometimes didnt raisehands.

altl-Nfilah

Qaa of Al-Rawtib?No, unless one does it habitually.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Pray Al-Rawtib in congregation?No, should be done individually.* Sunnah to do nafl alh at home

May mean Not aMuslim

Notfollowingthe wayofMuslims(majority)

Qaa of Witr? Yes.Do Witr Sunnatl-Fajr Fajr alhIf no time to qaa during Fajr,do it after Shurq- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Pray other nafl alh after Witr?Yes. Witr can be repeated afterwards.

41

What? When? How?

Al-u alh done duringforenoon time

H. Muslim 2 rakah ofu substitutes thedaily charities: SubnAllh L ilha illAllh Allhu akbar Enjoining good Detaining evil

~20 min afterFajr time ends ~20 minbefore uhrstarts

Best atforenoon (9am onwards) When youngcamel movesto shade

Rakah 2, 8, 12 Optimal: 8

Al-Shurq /Ishrq

alh done aftersunrise

H. TirmidhiFajr alh with Jamah remain seated whiledoing dhikr perform2 rakah after sunrise:Obtain reward of oneajj and one Umrah

After sunrise Same as Al-u

Qiyml-Layl alh done anytime atnight, after Ish alh

Difference betweenQiyml-Layl andTahajjudThe latter is done afterawaking from sleep

Its virtues Brings closer to Allh Atones sin Keeps body fromillness

Prevents sinful actsH. Tirmidhi A sign of goodnessH. Tirmidhi, H. Bukhri

After Ishaalh untilbefore Fajrtime

Best done atsecond half ofthe nightH. Abu Dawd

Best doneafter awakingfrom sleep

H. MuslimMost virtuousafter theobligatoryalh

Lengthy standing > lengthy sajdahH. Bukhari Prophet S.A.W.prayed until his feet were swollenHelp each

other to doqiymH. AbuDawdMan wakesup wife andpraytogether- - - - - - -Be sincereH. AmadSome getnothing outof theirnightworship

Hard to wake up?H. Bukhari Satan tied 3 knots.Can be untied by Citing Allh name Making ablution Offer a prayer- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Pray while holding Quran?Allowed by some scholars. Bestto recite from memory.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Non-arabic dua in sujd?Permissible if dont knowArabic dua (only in nafl alh)

42

What? When? How?

Taiyyatl-Masjid

alh done uponentering to stay in aMasjid

Pray 2 rakah after entering theMasjid, before sitting downH. Bukhari* Can be combined with other nafl

Al-Istikhrah alh done to pray forguidance + blessing ofa decision

Anytime For any and every matter(except for the obvious) Consider the pros and cons Make decision Pray 2 rakah nafl Supplicate with dua al-istikhrah

May be repeated as many timesas one likes

Al-Wu alh done after onehas made the ablutionH. Bukhri, MuslimBilal R.A.s footsteps inJannah he prayed 2rakah nafl each timeafter doing wu

Anytime Pray 2 rakah nafl immediatelyafter doing wu (withoutdoing/saying anything in between)* Can be combined with other nafl

Al-Tawbah alh done to seekforgiveness from Allh

Anytime H. Abu Dawd, Al-NasIf one has sinned Perform ablution Pray 2 rakah nafl Seek forgiveness from Allh

Adhn has been called?Pray al-rawtib = taiyyatl-masjid- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Iqmah has been called orJamah has already been established?Join the Jamah = taiyyatl-masjid- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Enter Masjid during prohibited time?Shfi Can pray taiyyatl-masjidOtherwise, stand until adhn and pray al-rawtib

Khab is already giving theJumuah khubah?Pray 2 rakah (only)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Taiyyah for the Masjidl-Harm?Both 2 rakah alh and awf Do 2 rakah alh beforesitting, then awf

Do awf first, then Naflprayer for the awf

Misconception:altl-istikhrah is the key to decidingmatters. One then waits for signs (e.g. dream)to do or not to do. WRONG!

Some issues Hadith that support this is probably weak Not seen in tawbah of Prophet S.A.W. or abah

43

What? When? How?

Al-jah alh done when onehas a need forsomething

Anytime H. Tirmidhi, Ibn MjahIf one has a need Perform ablution Pray 2 rakah nafl Praise Allh Send blessings on ProphetS.A.W.

Recite dua

Al-Tasbih alh done with therecitation of a specifieddhikr that will bringgreat rewards

Every JumuahorOnce/monthorOnce/yearorOnce/ lifetime

H. Abu Dawd, Ibn Mjah, IbnKhuzaymah (a Albn)4 rakahIn each rakah, say SubnAllh,wal-hamdulillh, wa l ilhaillAllh, wAllhu akbar 15x after reciting srah 10x in the ruk 10x after standing up fromruk

10x in the first sajdah 10x in between the two sajdah 10x in the second sajdah 10x after the second sajdah,before coming up for the nextrakah

Total = 75 x 4 = 300 dhikr

Al-Awwabn Abu Hurayrah (i)altl-u

Ammar ibn Ysir(H. A-abarni)6 rakah afterMaghrib(anafis follow this)

Abdullah Ibnl-MubrakA prayer betweenevening and latenight (Maghrib andIsha)

Forenoon orbetweenMaghrib andIsha(according toones position)

Some issues Hadth that support this is weak No evidence for doing it in congregation

Ibn QayyimHow tospot apotentiallyweakhadth? Crazyreward

Bias Large /exactnumber

Some issuesHadth that support this is controversial 50-50 support/oppose Different opinions at the same periodof time (rare)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -In doubt?Dont do.But cant say its bidah either (50-50).

44

What? When? How?

Al-Mulaq alh that is absoluteand unrestrictedGhayr muakkad(less emphasized)

Anytime 4 rakah before Ar 2 rakah before Maghrib Between adhn and iqmah In the 3 masjid (Makkah,

Madnah, Jerusalem) During time of distress Any time, day or night

45

H. MuslimFriday is the best of days Adam was created Adam was granted entry to andwas removed from Paradise

Day of Resurrection

Virtue

Obligatory for menNot obligatory for travelers (but avoidtravelling on Jumuah)

children women

H. MuslimShould not leave out Fridayprayer Seal over their heart,fall into severe negligence Should adjustworking/schooling time

Some scholars If the Masjid isvery far away and the Muslimcommunity is small, it is nolonger an obligation

If Eed falls on a FridayImam AmadNo Jumuah prayer uhr

Ruling

Done in uhr time Done Jumuahno need to do uhr

Missed Jumuahneed to do uhr

HOWEVER No combining with Ar

Jumu ah uhr

Minimum number Amad, Shfi40 individuals(Athar from Jbir ibnAbdillahweak)

Ahll-Hadith2 individuals

Abu anfah3 individuals(Command in Quranis plural)STRONGEST

Masjid In principle, yes(bring community tothe main masjid)

Pre-requisite

HOW

Adhn for uhr

2 rakah nafl

Imm arrives,gives Salm

2nd adhn

2 Khubah

Iqmah

2 rakah altl-

jumuah

CongregationalPrayer:altl-Jumuah

46

Performed by the imm- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A khubah should be short, containing Praise to Allah alawt upon Prophet S.A.W. Quranic verses/Hadth Reminder to the people Dua

(but no evidence in making the 2nd khubah dua only)Sh. Uthaymn, Abu anfahAllowed in languages other than Arabic- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Ruling of the khubahObligatory to listen forbidden to speak during it- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -One who misses the Khubahalh is valid. But it is a sin if done intentionally.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Halaqah before Jumu ah alh?No takes away focus from Khubah

2 rakah- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Recitation Out loud Choice of srah: Al-Al and Al-Ghshiyah- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Imm other than the KhabShould be the same person, but permissible if there is a need.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Late mammMissed the 1st rakah add another 1 rakahMissed the 2nd rakah add another 4 rakah (become uhr)

altl-Jumuah:Khubah

altl-Jumuah:The Prayer

47

What When How

altl-Eedayn

alh done tocelebrate Al-Fir andAl-A

ua time of Eedl-Al-Fir:1 Shawwl

Eedl-Al-A:10 Dhul-ijjah

Sunnah to do at an open area(but permissible to in a Masjid insome situations)

1. The alhMajority1st rakah 7 extra takbr(after the opening takbr)

With/without raising the hands Dhikr in betweenSubnAllh, walamdulillh,wa l ilha illAllh, wAllhuakbar

2nd rakah as above, but only 6 extra takbrAbu anfah1st rakah 3 extra takbr(after the opening takbr)

2nd rakah 3 extra takbr(after the second srah, beforeruk)

Choice of surah (optional) 1st rakah: Al-Al 2nd rakah: Al-Ghshiyah2. The KhutbahSunnah2 khutbah (majority)Not necessary to commence withTakbr no evidence

Other Congregational alh

Sunnah prayers for altl-Eed?No except Tahiyyatl-Masjid (if done in a Masjid)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Ruling of Takbrt before alh? Sunnah, loud and continuous until imm

has come to the front to lead the prayer- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Adhn/Iqmah for the alh? No- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Extra takbr in the alh = Sunnah OK if imm forgot/missed some of them Late Mamm may recite on their own- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Performed at different places at the same time,or more than once at the same place?In principle, no. If there is a need, yes.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Women with legal excuse?Should also come to the alh- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -If one misses the alh? Ibn Taymiyyah, anaf Individually wjibmake up tomorrow at the same time

Majority Far kifyah- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Are travellers obligated to do it? No, but they should

48

What When How

altl-Tarw

The Ramahan nightprayers

H. Bukhri, MuslimOffer with sincerebelieve and hope forreward past sinswill be forgiven

After Isha alhin Ramahan

Performed in units of 2

Opinions on the number of rakah 8 rakah (Prophet S.A.Ws time) 20 rakah (Umar R.A.s time) 30 rakah (Imm Maliks time:36)

No specific numberPre-requisite Performed in congregation?Yes. Otherwise, it is qiyml-layl

Performed in Masjid?Not a pre-requisite. But menshould be praying at the Masjid.

altl-Khusf& Kusf

The eclipse prayer KhusfLunar eclipse

KusfSun eclipse

During theeclipse of thesun or the moon

2 units with 2 ruk in each rakah(In total: 4 Ftiah, 4 ruk,4 itidl, 4 sajdah)

Opening takbr Recitationo Long, especially in altl-Khusf (longer eclipse)

o Length of approximately Al-Baqarah

First ruko Long, with tasbh and tamid

Come up from ruk Recitationo Shorter than the first,o Length of approximately li

Imrn Second ruko Shorter than the first

Come up from ruk Sajdah as in the normal prayero the 2 sajdah are elongated

1st rakah is completed Continue with the 2nd rakaho each interval shorter than in

the 1st rakah

No adhn/iqmah- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Performed in congregation at the MasjidPermissible to do individually- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Recitation is to be done out loud- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Khubah after the prayer is sunnahNot an obligation

49

What When How

altl-Istisq Prayer to requestfor rain

Why?Drought can be aform of punishmentfor our sins askAllah for forgiveness

Ruling Mlik, Shfi,AmadEmphasizedsunnah

Abu anifahNo congregationalalh for istisq(just dua)

ua H. Amad, Ibn Mjah(Similar to Eed) 2 rak ah Without adhn/iqmah Khutbah + dua(facing Qiblah, hands raised)

Reversing cloak(implies change of state fromsinning past to repentance)

altl-Khawf Prayer during time offear or danger

Anytime in greatfear or danger

Can combine and shorten

Imam AmadThere are 10 versions

Anything with sound narration ispermissible.If there is a REAL need, any formof prayer is OK.

Delay prayer during time of fear?It is allowed to delay until a moreconvenient time.

Prophet S.A.W. missed all5 prayers during the Battleof Ahzb.

People should be in iddah-like state(unlike Eed) humble/lower oneself

Example: Enemy not inthe direction of qiblahAl-Nisa, 102- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Imm starts praying with1st group

At the end of 1st rakah,Imm stops

1st group continue tostand up and completetheir prayers

Imm stands up for 2ndrakah

2nd group join the Imm Imm stops attashahhud

2nd group continue untiltashahhud

Imm and 2nd group endtogether

Example: Enemy in thedirection of QiblahAmad- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Start together Sajdah of 1st rakah: 1stgroup (in front)prostrate, 2nd group (atthe back) remainstanding

When 1st group raisefrom prostration, 2ndgroup prostrate

2nd group stand up andchange place with 1stgroup (behind imm)

2 rak ah is continues asthe above

End together