THE 1900S ONWARD: HISTORY OF DECADES IN THE

UNITED STATES

R A C H E L R U O F F , T R E V O R R O E , J E S S I C A I V E T I C H

TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONUSERS MANUALCHAPTER 1-The 1900s SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3CHAPTER 2 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3CHAPTER 3 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3CHAPTER 4 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3CHAPTER 5 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3CHAPTER 6 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3

CHAPTER 7 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3CHAPTER 8 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3CHAPTER 9 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3CHAPTER 10 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3CHAPTER 11 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3CHAPTER 12 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3

INTRODUCTIONThroughout history, many things have changed. People wear different kinds of clothes, have different ways to entertain themselves, invent new technologies, and improve their ways of life. In this book, students will learn all about the decades within the 20th and 21st centuries in the United States of America. They will discover past worlds and explore the cultures of today’s society.

Instructions: As you go through each chapter, summarize what you have learned in a paragraph for each decade. At the end of the book, each student should have ten separate summary paragraphs. Present them to the class to show what each student has learned!

USERS MANUALPARENTS/INSTRUCTORS

This textbook was created by instructors Rachel Ruoff, Trevor Roe, and Jessica Ivetich with the intention of teaching children about the decades during the 1900s in order to complete SS.1.1.1 2007*. This Indiana State Standard deals with compare the way individuals in the community lived in the past with the way they live in the present. Throughout this book, there is information dealing with clothing, technology, and events throughout the time period with the hopes of showing students how culture changes over time.

STUDENTS

Three teachers from Indiana University made this book just for you! Inside, you will find interesting facts about the decades of the 1900s. There are paragraphs, pictures, videos, and quizzes that will help you learn about American culture and how it has changed over time. Happy learning, and enjoy!

*This Indiana State Standard deals with compare the way individuals in the community lived in the past with the way they live in the present.

• CHAPTER 1 •

THE 1900S

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• Section 1 •

ClothingThe fashion trends of the period of 1900s in the United States were greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution Era. During this time period, men often wore suits and trousers while women wore corsets with skirts and dresses, lace, and feathered hats. A big fashion trend of this time were “duster” coats that protected the clothing of both men and women while riding in an automobile.

The 1900s began a historical century. Many

inventions came about during this innovative period that was the start of an eventful era.

The Zeppelin was a rigid airship developed in 1900 by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin.

Henry Ford sold the first Model T in 1908.

The vacuum cleaner was invented in 1901

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• Section 2 •

Technology

Interactive 1.1 YouTube video

President McKinley, the 25th president of the United States, was a popular president who had just started his second term in office and the people seemed clearly glad to get a chance to meet him. However, Leon Czolgosz had made it into the building and it was his turn to greet the President. Czolgosz held a .32 caliber revolver, which he had covered by wrapping a handkerchief around the gun and his hand. Although Czolgosz's swaddled hand was noticed before he reached the President,

many thought it looked like it covered an injury instead. Also, since the day had been hot, many the visitors had been carrying handkerchiefs in their hands to wipe the sweat off their faces. When Czolgosz reached the President, he fired two shots. One of the bullets did not enter the president - some say it bounced off of a button or the president's sternum. The other bullet, however, entered the president's abdomen, tearing through his stomach, pancreas, and kidney.

At 10:35 a.m. on December 17, 1903, Orville Wright flew the Flyer for 12 seconds over 120 feet of ground. This flight, conducted on Kill Devil Hill just outside of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, was the very first flight by a manned, controlled, heavier-than-air aircraft that flew under it's own power. In other words, it was the first flight of an airplane.

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• Section 3 •

Events

• CHAPTER 2 •

THE 1910S

9

• Section 1 •

Clothing

The fashion trends of the 1910s in the United States were influenced by World War I. In this time period, men’s clothing was influenced by military involvement and they often wore long trench coats. Women commonly wore narrow “hobble” skirts with draping blouses.

Thomas Edison developed the talking motion picture in 1910.

The zipper was invented in 1913 by Gideon Sundback.

The toaster was created by Charles Strite in 1919.

In 1913, Henry Ford and the Ford Motor Company begins using the assembly line. See the video above.

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• Section 2 •

Technology

Interactive 2.1

World War I was an extremely bloody war that engulfed Europe from 1914 to 1919, with huge losses of life and little ground lost or won. Fought mostly by soldiers in trenches, World War I saw an estimated 10 million military deaths and another 20 million wounded. While many hoped that World War I would be "the war to end all wars," in actuality, the concluding peace treaty set the stage for World War II.

The Versailles Treaty, signed on June 28, 1919, was the peace settlement between Germany and the Allied Powers that officially ended World War I. However, the conditions in the treaty were so punitive upon Germany that many believe the Versailles Treaty laid the groundwork for the eventual rise of Nazis in Germany and the eruption of World War II.

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• Section 3 •

Events

• CHAPTER 3 •

THE 1920S

The fashion trends of the 1920s were influenced by the Roaring 20s. During this time, men often worm pin stripe suits, fedoras, sweaters, knickers, and raccoon

coats. Women would dress as flappers, which meant that they wore loose dresses that were shorter than past decades, and long beads. They would also wear costume jewelry and cloche’ hats.

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• Section 1 •

Clothing

In the 1920s, much of the technology involved medicine.

Insulin invented by Sir Frederick Grant Banting in 1922.

In 1928, Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.

Walter E. Diemer invented bubble gum in 1928.

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• Section 2 •

Technology

Interactive 3.1

Insulin is a hormone that lowers the level of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood. It's made by the beta cells of the pancreas and released into the blood when the glucose level goes up, such as after eating. Insulin helps glucose enter the body's cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for future use.In diabetes, the pancreas doesn't make enough insulin or the body can't

Beginning in the 19th century, many people, especially women,

blamed many of society's problems upon alcohol. With the hope of bettering society, organizations were formed to advocate against the consumption of alcohol. By the beginning of the 20th century, many states had already created state laws banning alcohol. On January 16, 1919, the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. Exactly one year later (January 16, 1920), this Amendment went into affect, making the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor illegal and beginning Prohibition in the United States.

The Great Depression, an immense tragedy that placed millions of Americans out of work, was the beginning of government involvement in the economy and in society as a whole.

The Great Depression plunged the American people into an economic crisis unlike any endured in this country before or since. The worst and longest downturn in our economic history threw millions of hardworking individuals into poverty, and for more than a decade neither the free market nor the federal government was able to restore prosperity.

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• Section 3 •

Events

• CHAPTER 4 •

THE 1930S

The fashion trends of the 1930s were influenced by the era of the Great Depression. Men commonly wore

sweater vests, wide overcoats, and straight-leg trousers. Women would dress in long, flowing gowns, patterned

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• Section 1 •

Clothing

Charles Darrow claims he invented the game Monopoly in 1934.

The ballpoint pen was invented by Ladislo Biro in 1938.

Igor Sikorsky invents the first successful helicopter in 1939

In 1937, Chester F. Carlson invented the photocopier

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• Section 2 •

Technology

On March 3, 1931, U.S. President Herbert Hoover signed an act that officially made "The Star Spangled Banner" the national anthem for the United States. Before this time, the United States had been without any national anthem.

The words of "The Star Spangled Banner" were first written on September 14, 1814 by Francis Scott Key as a poem titled, "The Defence of Fort McHenry."

World War 2, also known as the Second World War, was a war fought from 1939 to 1945 in Europe and, during much of the 1930s and 1940s, in Asia. The war in Europe began in earnest on September 1, 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, and concluded on September 2, 1945, with the official surrender of the last Axis nation, Japan. However, in Asia the war began earlier with Japanese interventions in China, and in Europe, the war ended earlier with the unconditional surrender of Germany on May 8, 1945. The conflict spilled over into Africa, included a handful of incidents in the Americas, and a series of major naval battles. It was the largest armed conflict in history, spanning the entire world and involving more countries than any other war, as well as introducing powerful new weapons, culminating in the first use of nuclear weapons.

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• Section 3 •

Events

• CHAPTER 5 •

THE 1940S

The fashion trends of the 1940s were influenced by World War II and the military. Men would wear bomber jackets, rolled-up blue jeans, hawaiian

shirts, and trousers. Women often wore Eisenhower jackets, convertible suits, sleek dresses, and halter tops.

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• Section 1 •

Clothing

Peter Goldmark invented modern color television system and Richard James invented the slinky in 1940

The atomic bomb was developed in 1945.

In 1946, the microwave oven was invented by Percy Spencer and Velcro was invented by George de Mestral.

Robert Hope-Jones invented the Wurlitzer jukebox. 1948

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• Section 2 •

Technology

Interactive 5.1

On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise air attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. After just two hours of bombing, more than 2,400 Americans were dead, 21 ships* had either been sunk or damaged, and more than 188 U.S. aircraft destroyed.

The attack at Pearl Harbor so outraged Americans that the U.S. abandoned its policy of isolationism and declared war on Japan the following day -- officially bringing the United States into World War II.

During World War II, the Allied powers planned to create a two-front war by continuing the Soviet Union's attack of Nazi-occupied lands from the east and by beginning a new invasion from the west.

In June 1944, the United States and the United Kingdom (with help from many other western countries) began the long-awaited attack from the west, the Normandy Invasion (Operation Overlord). June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, was the very first day of this massive amphibious invasion, which

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• Section 3 •

Events

brought thousands of ships, tanks, planes, and troops across the English Channel.

With the end of World War II imminent and the Russians nearing his underground bunker under the Chancellery building in Berlin, Germany, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler shot himself in the head with his pistol, likely after swallowing cyanide, ending his own life just before 3:30 pm on April 30, 1945. In the same room with Hitler was his new wife, Eva Braun, who ended her life by swallowing a cyanide capsule. After their deaths, SS men carried their bodies up to the Chancellery’s courtyard, covered them with gasoline, and lit them on fire.

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• CHAPTER 6 •

THE 1950S

The fashion trends of the 1950s were influenced by rock and roll. Men would often wear flannel suits, cardigan sweaters, and hats, while teen boys would wear button down shirts, tight

jeans, t-shirts, and leather jackets. Women would wear full skirts with petticoats and long dresses, while teen girls would wear poodle skirts and capri pants.

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• Section 1 •

Clothing

In 1950 the first credit card was invented by Ralph Schneider.

The internal pacemaker invented by Wilson Greatbatch in 1959.

Bette Nesmith Graham invented "Mistake Out," later renamed Liquid Paper, to paint over mistakes made with a typewriter. 1956

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• Section 2 •

Technology

Interactive 6.1

In 1896, the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court case determined that "separate but equal" was constitutional. The opinion of the Supreme Court stated, "A statute which implies merely a legal distinction between the white and colored races -- a distinction which is founded in the color of the two races, and which must always exist so long as white men are distinguished from the other race by color -- has no tendency to destroy the legal equality of the two races, or re-establish a state of involuntary servitude."

On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old African-American seamstress, refused to give up her seat to a white man while riding on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama. For doing this, Rosa Parks was arrested and fined for breaking the laws of segregation. Rosa Parks' refusal to leave her seat sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and is considered the beginning of the modern Civil Rights Movement.

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• Section 3 •

Events

• CHAPTER 7 •

THE 1960S

The fashion trends of the 1960s were influenced by Civil Rights. During this time period, men wore bright colors, nehru jackets,

and turtlenecks. Women would often wear miniskirts, pantsuits, and pillbox hats.

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• Section 1 •

ClothingInteractive 7.1

The audio cassette was invented in 1962.

In 1965, The compact disk was invented by James Russell.

Soft contact lenses were also invented in 1965.

Douglas Engelbart invented the computer mouse in 1968

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• Section 2 •

Technology

Interactive 7.2

How a CD is made.

On November 22, 1963, the youth and idealism of America in the 1960s faltered as its young President, John F. Kennedy, was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. Two days later, Oswald was shot and killed by Jack Ruby during a prisoner transfer.

A landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States[4] that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women.[5] It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public

In response to the Gulf of Tonkin Incident of August 2 and 4, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson, per the authority given to him by Congress in the subsequent Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, decided to escalate the Vietnam Conflict by sending U.S. ground troops to Vietnam. On March 8, 1965, 3,500 U.S. Marines landed near Da Nang in South Vietnam; they are the first U.S. troops arrive in Vietnam.

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• Section 3 •

Events

At 6:01 p.m. on April 4, 1968, civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was hit by a sniper's bullet. King had been standing on the balcony in front of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, when, without warning, he was shot. The .30-caliber rifle bullet entered King's right cheek, traveled through his neck, and finally stopped at his shoulder blade. King was immediately taken to a nearby hospital but was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m.

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• CHAPTER 8 •

THE 1970S

The fashion trends of the 1970s were influenced by the hippy and disco eras. Men would wear leisure suits, bold neckties, and flared pants. Women would wear bold flower prints, denim, and flared pants. The fashion trends of this time period were often unisex.

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• Section 1 •

Clothing

Interactive 8.1

Many of the technologies that we use today were first developed in the 1970s.

In 1971, VCR or videocassette was developed.

The ink-jet printer was created in 1976.

Cell phones were invented in 1979.

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• Section 2 •

Technology

In light of his loss of political support and the near-certainty of impeachment due to the Watergate scandal, Nixon resigned the office of the presidency on August 9, 1974, after addressing the nation on television the previous evening. The resignation speech was delivered from the Oval Office and was carried live on radio and television. Nixon stated that he was

resigning for the good of the country and asked the nation to support the new president, Gerald Ford. Nixon went on to review the accomplishments of his presidency, especially in foreign policy.

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• Section 3 •

Events

• CHAPTER 9 •

THE 1980S

The fashion trends of the 1980s were influenced by the yuppie movement. Men returned to wearing pinstripe suits, narrow lapels, bright vests, and skinny ties. Women wore exercise wear, logos, designer jeans, flounced skirts, business suits, and khakis.

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• Section 1 •

ClothingInteractive 9.1

In the 1980s, two large computer manufacturers were developed. They still remain the top two leading competitors today.

The Apple Macintosh was invented in 1984

A year later, Windows software invented by  Microsoft in 1985.

40

• Section 2 •

Technology

On July 7, 1981, President Ronald Reagan nominated Sandra Day O'Connor to be the first woman on the U.S. Supreme Court. On September 21, the United States Senate confirmed

O'Connor in a vote of 99 for and zero against. Sandra Day O'Connor was officially sworn in and took her seat on the U.S. Supreme Court on September 25, 1981.

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• Section 3 •

Events

• CHAPTER 10 •

THE 1990S

The fashion trends of the 1990s were influenced by the technology era. In this time period, men would were clothes that were grunge with an oversized fit, baggy pants, and hooded sweatshirts. Women would often wear grunge clothing, halter tops, two piece formal wear, and puffy jackets.

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• Section 1 •

Clothing

Interactive 10.1

The World Wide Web and Internet protocol (HTTP) and WWW language (HTML) was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990.

In 1995 the DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) was developed.

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• Section 2 •

Technology

The Hubble Space Telescope's launch in 1990 sped humanity to one of its greatest advances in that journey. Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth. Its position above the atmosphere, which distorts and blocks the light that reaches our planet, gives it a view of the universe that typically far surpasses that of ground-based telescopes.

Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States, was impeached by the House of Representatives on two charges, one of perjury and one of obstruction of

justice, on December 19, 1998. Two other impeachment articles, a second perjury charge and a charge of abuse of power, failed in the House. He was acquitted by the Senate on February 12, 1999

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• Section 3 •

Events

• CHAPTER 11 •

THE 2000S

The fashion trends of the 2000s were influenced by pop culture. Men often wore graphic t-shirts, blazers, and jeans. Women would wear halter tops, tank tops, t-shirts, skinny jeans, and low-rise pants.

47

• Section 1 •

Clothing

On October 23, 2001 Apple Computers created their portable music digital player-the iPod

Adidas 1 are thinking shoes developed in 2004 with a built in microprocessor

that decides how soft or firm support the wearer needs.

YouTube - the online video sharing and viewing community - was invented in 2005 by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley and Jawed Karim

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• Section 2 •

Technology

On September 11th, 2001, a series of coordinated suicide attacks took place in the United States. On that day, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial airplanes. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing those on board and many others working in the buildings.

The invasion of Iraq was led by the United States, alongside the United Kingdom and smaller contingents from other countries. The initial invasion phase lasted from 20th March

to 1st May and involved troops from the US (248,000), UK (45,000), Australia (2,000) and Poland (194).

According to then President George Bush, and then UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, the reasons for the invasion were "to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein's support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people." According to Blair, the trigger was Iraq's failure to take a "final opportunity" to disarm itself of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons that US and UK officials called an immediate and intolerable threat to world peace.

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• Section 3 •

Events

Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the U.S. in January 2009, becoming the first African American to hold office. His immediate actions were focused on the financial crisis plaguing the country. He subsequently introduced several economic stimulus packages, with billions upon billions of dollars being spent in an effort to reinvigorate the financial system and free up credit. A country-wide cleanup of the banking system, with the aim of removing any toxic bank assets or loans, was soon begun.

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http://file.vintageadbrowser.com/l-w2zl36cce31c57.jpg

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http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-s2g6dlcJf30/UW5LONVtpFI/AAAAAAAAATI/oA33saJfe9s/s1600/fashionpierrecardinhy7.jpg

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http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0878570.html

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