Homeland

What’s the first word that comes to your mind when you hear the

word “homeland”? Why?

The Video: My Identity by Yas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_ArRPP0Eyg

Somalia-My HomelandBy Halima Ahmad

Somalia Oh, Somalis! How long will you exploit, mistreat and abuse my land? How long will you fight and decorate my earth with the blood of my people! Will I ever become unaccustomed to the echoes and the unpleasant sounds of guns? Would I ever see a brighter a day, a day, where Somalis can ever come together and embrace one another! Will there ever be a leader like Aden Abdulle Osman, the first president? Do you ever hear the plea of this land? Do you ever feel the plight of my children! Where are your conscienceSomalis? 

My HomelandBy Ibrahim Tukan

Palestine The youth will not get tiredTheir goal is your independenceOr they dieWe will drink from deathBut we will not be slaves to our enemiesWe do not wantAn eternal humiliationNor a miserable lifeWe do not wantBut we will returnOur great gloryMy homelandMy homeland

Homeland is EverythingBy Matthias Pantaleon

NigeriaHome is where squirrels knew every farmerAnd the owl every hunter Home is where respect is earnAnd labour is dignity

Home is the heart of the people Where trust is not rust & truth untoldHome is where the heart laysHomeland is brotherhood 

Can I Have A Homeland To Call My Own?By Taslima Nasrin

Bangladesh

Once I had exhausted the world, I touched the shoresOf my homeland to exhaust my span of life,Only to have the sense of security of an utterly exhausted thirsty soulBrutally uprooted, and you throw away the little water cupped in my hand,And sentence me to death, what name can I have for you, land? You stand on my chest like an enormous mountain,You stamp on my throat with your legs in boots,You have gouged out my eyes,You have drawn my tongue out and snapped it into pieces,You have lashed and bloodied my body, broken both my legs,You have pulverized my toes, prized open my skull to squash my brain,You have arrested me, so that I die,Yet I call you my homeland, call you with infinite love

Where is your Homeland?By Catherine Yen

TaiwanWhere is your homeland? Prior the coming of Dutch We have been here for a long time We brought three gifts Bringing song and dance On a piece of land without the melody Singing love and pain Desire and despair We brought sweat and muscles Pioneering in the primitive and vast land of thousand years Look up the wasteland and goshawk Grievance and joy We brought courage The four hundred years of history In addition to the national spirit and will We are almost destroyed 

“Inwokacja” by Adam Mickiewicz

Holy Virgin, defender of the Shrineat Czestochowa, who illuminates the Ostra Gate in Vilno, whose signrevealed as one of her protectoratesthe walled Novogrodek--who saved me once with her miraculous glow. My tearful mother entrusted me (it was her only chance, I was near death) so when there was no other cure, she helped to open up my eyes, and once my lids were raised, though weak, I made a pilgrimage to offer thanks and praise.

This memory of resurrection has stayed alive in me since childhood; it makes me hope a homesick exile might return to wooded hills, green meadows, and the lakes spread round the River Nieman--that I'd be borne back to that womb of gilded wheat and rye turned silver, to the amber mustard row, buckwheat snow, and clover, burning like a shy girl's blush--to strips of turf, ribbons that show boundaries with green. All this I see so clearly, down to each blossoming pear tree.

Lithuania, my country! You are as good as health: How much one should prize you, he only can tell Who has lost you. Your beauty and splendor I view And describe here today, for I long after you.

Thesis:

The poems “Requiem” by Anna Akhmatova and “Inwokacja” by Adam Mickiewicz illustrates the beloved and longed homeland as defined by identity, political history, religion, and cultural values.

HOMELAND

IDENTITY

POLITICAL

HISTORY

RELIGION

CULTURAL

VALUES

Adam Mickiewicz

Adam Mickiewicz • 1798- Born on December 24, near Nowogrodek, Belarus.• 1812- Mickiewicz saw Napolean Bonaparte’s troops marching

through Lithuania.• 1819-23- Taught in Kovno • 1824- Arrested in Vilna as a revolutionary. Moved freely to St.

Petersburg then Odessia• 1825-Was teacher in lyceum• 1829- He was allowed to travel abroad.• 1832- Settled in Paris • 1840-44- First professor of Slavic literatures, College de France, Paris• 1848- Attempted to organize military unit in Italian revolution • 1849- Edited radical newspaper La Tribune des peuples • Regarded as greatest of Polish poets; wrotePoezye I (1822), Poezye

II(1823), Dziady (1823-32), Sonety Krymskie (1826), Konrad Wallenrod (1828), epic Pan Tadeusz (1834);

Akhmatova

Who Was Akhmatova?• Anna Andreyevna Gorenko, better known by the pen name Anna

Akhmatova, was a Russian and Soviet modernist poet, one of the most acclaimed writers in the Russian canon. 

• Akhmatova was born at Bolshoy Fontan, near the Black Sea port of Odessa. Her father, Andrey Antonovich Gorenko, a civil servant, and her mother, Inna Erazmovna Stogova, were both descended from the Russian nobility.

• Her family moved north to Tsarskoye Selo, near St. Petersburg when she was eleven months old. The family lived in a house on the corner of Shirokaya Street and Bezymyanny Lane; (the building is no longer there today), spending summers from age 7 to 13 in a dacha near Sevastopol. She studied at the Mariinskaya High School, moving to Kiev (1906–1910) and finished her schooling there, after her parents separated in 1905. She went on to study law at Kiev University, leaving a year later to study literature in St Petersburg. 

Who Was Akhmatova?

• From a very young age, Akhmatova started writing poetry and stories. As her writing ability and experience grew, she then had published in her late teens, inspired by the poets Nikolay Nekrasov, Racine, Pushkin, Baratynsky and the Symbolists however none of her juvenilia survives. Her sister Inna also wrote poetry though she did not pursue the practice and married shortly after high school. Akhmatova's father did not want to see any verses printed under his "respectable" name, so she chose to adopt her grandmother's distinctly Tatar surname 'Akhmatova' as a pen name.

• Akhmatova was extremely popular and also got around very often. She had many lovers, majority into the arts like her, such as poets, writers, painters, musicians, and others. Not only was she having her fun with all of these men, but, she was also expanding her knowledge and horizon with the writing world, especially her poetry.

( timeline on next slide )

1889: Born Anna Gorenko to father Andrei, a maritime engineer, and to mother Inna Stogova, a

former member of the revolutionary group the People's Will.

1903: Meets Gumilev, her future husband

1907: Graduates from Fundukleevskaya Gimnazia in Kiev, after having attended Tsarskoe Selo for

a number of years. Her first poem appears in Sirius, Gumilev's journal, and begins to participate

in the Guild of Poets, the group that would spawn the Acmeist movement

1910: Marries Gumilev and they travel to Paris where they meet the then unknown Modigliani,

who painted a drew Akhmatova a number of times

1912: First collection Evening appears under the pseudonym Anna Akhmatova, a name she takes

from her Tatar grandmother. This collection highlighted the intimate, colloquial, romantic voice

that would characterize much of her early poetry. Her son Lev is born.

1914: Second collection Rosary appears Gumilev leaves her to join the Cavalry

1915: Writes "By the Very Sea" and Marries Vladimir Shileiko, who tries to stop her

writing by burning her poems 

1917: Publishes The White Flock, in which her use of fire thematics come to the fore, and

her tone becomes more severe

1921: Gumilev executed for involvement in counterrevolutionary plot

1922: Publishes Anno Domini, in which her use of religious themes increase and she

becomes unable to publish, as a forced silence begins because her apolitical work was

thought incompatible with the new regime

1926-1940: Lives with art critic Nikolai Punin and works on cycle Reed, poems dedicated

to Mandelstam Pasternak, and Dante

1928: Officially divorces Shileiko

1935-40: Writes Requiem, her tribute to human suffering, inspired by the arrest of her son and the

purges of the 1930's

1940: A reprint and new cycle of poems Six Books appears, but is quickly recalled  then begins writing

"Poem without a Hero" on which she works until her death. This would be her most dense, complex

and layered poem.

1943: Evacuated to Tashkent form Leningrad, volume Selected Verses appears there

1955: Son released from prison and rehabilitated

1958: Edition with new work The Course of Time appears under her supervision; Seventh Book,

including "Poem without a Hero" also included

1964: Italy awards her Taormina Prize for poetry

1965: Awarded honorary degree by Oxford University

1966: Dies in Domodedovo, as the grande dame of Russian verse, a patron to young poets such

as Brodsky and Voznesensky.

Identity

Requiem Pan Tadeusz

Poet who identifies herself and her literary work as a

• Mother • Women

• Russian • Elite class • Victim of Tyranny

Russian

Soviet Union• “No foreign sky protected me, no strangers wings shielded my

face” • “Such grief might make the mountains stoop, reverse the

waters where they flow”- • “The Yenisei swirls, the north star shines as it will shine forever” • “And Russia, guiltless, beloved, writhed under the crunch of

bloodstained boots, under the wheels of black Marias”

Siberian Prison

Akhmatova• “And if my country should ever assent to casting in my name a

monument, I should be proud to have my memory graced, but only if the monument be placed not near the seas on which my eyes first opened, my last link with the sea has long been broken, but here, here I endured three hundred hours in line before the implacable iron bars, because even in blissful death I fear to lose the clangor of the Black Marias” -

• A monument placed by the gates of prison so Russia will never forget the suffering of the people during that era.

Akhmatova

• “One day somebody in the crowd identified me. Standing behind me was a woman, with lips blue from the cold, who had, of course, never heard me called by name before. Now she started out of the torpor common to us all and asked in a whisper

• “Can you describe this?” I said “I can” • “I woven them a garment that’s prepared out of poor words,

those that I overheard”

Adam Mickiewicz

Identifies as a Pole by expressing

Longing for his Invaded Land

Poland

• “Lithuania, my country! You are as good as health: How much one should prize you, he only can tell Who has lost you. Your beauty and splendor I view And describe here today, for I long after you.”

Mickiewicz• “Mickiewicz must be considered in a twofold aspect. In one

view, as an apostle and martyr of that fervent patriotism which impels with irresistible power his countrymen to struggle to preserve the national existence; in the other, as the deliverer of national genius from school trammels, directing its course in the independent track of Homer and Shakespeare.”

Mickiewicz

“ let these words now stand restoring you, redeeming exile's cost”

POLISH PRIDE

Pan Tadeusz“The blow struck with such skill, with such force unsurpassed,That the strings rang out boldly, like trumpets of brass,And from them to the heavens that song wafted, cherished, That triumphal march: Poland has never yet perished!”

Political History

Topic Sentence: Both Russians and Poles experienced significant and similar changes in their homeland and their experience created political issues which added dark pages to their history.

Unbearable Burden on people• Russia • Prologue By Akhmatova • “That was a time when only the dead

could smile, delivered from their wars,and the sign, the soul, of Leningraddangled outside its prison-house;and the regiments of the condemned,herded in the railroad-yards,shrank from the engine's whistle-songwhose burden went, "Away, pariahs!"The stars of death stood over us.And Russia, guiltless, beloved, writhedunder the crunch of bloodstained boots,under the wheels of Black Marias.”

Poland • Acton pointed out:• The fact that the Polish state, as an elective monarchy with republican

institutions, was not fully legitimate from the point of view of dynastic absolutism.• Poland had always been a recognized member of the European family of nations

and that its partition was therefore "an act of wanton violence, committed in open defiance not only of popular feeling but of public law".

• Based on "law of nations" which tried to protect the rights of political nations, i.e. nations having their own states, but not the rights of ethnic nationalities which, unlike Poland, could not ground their aspirations in political legitimism.( qdt, Walicki, Andrzej. "Traditions of Polish Nationalism in Comparative Perspective.“)

Fighting for getting freedom back • Roman Szporluk, a distinguished American historian of Ukrainian background. In his book Communism and Nationalism said:

"The Poles were able to awaken the theory of nationality in Europe precisely because they had been deprived of their independent statehood, which they had enjoyed for centuries, at exactly that moment when they were becoming a modem nation, a contemporary of the new age of sovereignty of the people. For this reason, the Polish case deserves to be placed alongside the French Revolution as a major historical event that had a direct ideological significance in the history of nationalism.....“( qdt, Walicki, Andrzej. "Traditions of Polish Nationalism in Comparative Perspective.“)

Religion

• Creates a strong bond• Gives a sense of belonging• Preserves culture• Makes homeland sacred • Remains in the hearts

Biblical magnitude of sufferingCrucifixion

"Do not weep for me, Mother, when I am in my grave."

A choir of angels glorified the hour,the vault of heaven was dissolved in fire."Father, why hast Thou forsaken me?Mother, I beg you, do not weep for me. . . ."

Mary Magdalene beat her breasts and sobbed,His dear disciple, stone-faced, stared.His mother stood apart. No other lookedinto her secret eyes. No one dared.

Unity of the Russians under God

“Pray for me. Pray.”

“And I pray not for myself alone . . for all who stood outside the jail”

“my tortured mouth,through which a hundred million people shout,then let them pray for me, as I do prayfor them”

“One of the main unifying symbols in the Russian state was Orthodoxy. The image of the state as an external form of the realization and spreading of the true faith inherited from the Byzantine imperial concept entered organically into the Russian imperial model. As Svetlana Lur’e notes. The identity of the citizens of the empire was built not on ethnicity, but along religious lines; national diversity was ignored by the state” (Nikonova, 6-7).

Patronage over PolandHoly Virgin, defender of the Shrineat Czestochowa (…) who saved me once with her miraculous glow. My tearful mother entrusted me (it was her only chance, I was near death) so when there was no other cure, she helped to open up my eyes, and once my lids were raised, though weak, I made a pilgrimage to offer thanks and praise. This memory of resurrection has stayed alive in me since childhood; it makes me hope a homesick exile might return

Cultural Values

•Relationships•Family•Landscape •Social environment

Russian-Soviet Culture

• Patriotism (love of the fatherland)

• Religion

• “Service to the fatherland”

Patriotism

• “Lithuania, my fatherland! You are like health; How much you must be valued, will only discover. The one who has lost you.”

• For Russia, patriotism is the “consolidation of society and the strength of the state.” • In Russia it is not the ethnicity that builds the identity of the citizens, but religion,

specifically orthodox. • “Service to the fatherland” was seen as one of the highest good-deed one could give,

along with loyalty, to the state. • The author, Olga Nikonava, says “Patriotism here, in the Soviet Union, is the natural

feeling of millions of citizens who ardently love our native country, our government, our great party which has given them a happy, prosperous life.”    

Mother-son relationshipFor seventeen months I have cried aloud,calling you back to your lair.I hurled myself at the hangman's foot.You are my son, changed into nightmare.

• “Mothers have an obligation to protect the interest of their sons, and that consequently, they have the right to a political voice’. Mothers, in this view, have instincts that make them act against state-sponsored patriotism, at least when it endangers their children” (Sperling, 12).

• “Real mother is a woman who went to pull their sons out of military camps and out of prison. Where conditions demanded the ethos of the maternal instinct, and mothers had to bring order and security” (Sperling, 12).

Social environmentThey should have shown you–mocker,delight of your friends, hearts' thief,naughtiest girl of Pushkin's town–this picture of your fated years,as under the glowering wall you stand,shabby, three hundredth in the line,clutching a parcel in your hand,and the New Year's ice scorched by your tears.

Landscape as a visualization of homeland

“Quietly flows the quiet Don”

“The Yenisei swirls”

“to wooded hills, green meadows, and the lakes spread round the River Nieman--that I'd be borne back to that womb of gilded wheat and rye turned silver, to the amber mustard row, buckwheat snow, and clover, burning like a shy girl's blush--to strips of turf, ribbons that show boundaries with green. All this I see so clearly, down to each blossoming pear tree.”

Conclusion

• Nothing is more painful and damaging than having your own homeland taken from you and having your life devastated from the cruelty and fears of the leadership keeping you in control. During Stalin’s reign of power, there was a Great Purge, that took many countless lives from Russia at the time. Anna Akhmatova wrote the poem “Requiem” describing her pain, the fears she held, and how painful it was for her to live on in such a horrible environment and situation in Russia during such a difficult time. We need to see and understand how important it is to love oneself, your own home, and also bear witness to the changes and the effects of revolution, politics, and powerful control. The land itself, the people in themselves, and the entire environment was to be held and seen within the poem and the messages behind it. Freedom, life, love, family, and happiness is all that matters. Hopefully the message and ideas are clearly seen and taken from all of this.

•Questions? •Comments?

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2000. Literature Resource Center. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.• Bukharbayeva, Bagila. “Stalin’s Purge 1937 Remembered In Russia.” The Associated Press, 25 July 2007: A4. Print.• Forche, Carolyn. Against Forgetting: Twentieth-century Poetry of Witness. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. Print. Guatamalen Poet • Gnorowski, S. B. "Polish Literature." The Foreign Quarterly Review 25.49 (Apr. 1840): 159-188. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Laurie Lanzen Harris. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale

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Apr. 2014.• Pantaleon, Matthias . “ Homeland is everything”. Poem Hunter. Nov. 22,2013, Web. Apr. 28, 2014.• Sperling, Valerie. "The Last Refuge Of A Scoundrel: Patriotism, Militarism And The Russian National Idea*." Nations & Nationalism 9.2 (2003): 235-253. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Apr.

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Pictures Used

• http://www.abcgallery.com/A/altman/altman1.html• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Russian_fans_2014-02-13_Winter_Olympics_in_Sochi.jpg• http://confluence.org/photo.php?visitid=15526&pic=9• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1093096/Moscow-grinds-halt-funeral-Russian-Orthodox-Church-Patriarch-Alexiy-II.html• http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pan_Tadeusz • http://etacar.put.poznan.pl/piotr.pieranski/KnotsInArtPart_II.html• https://www.google.com/search?q=polish+flag&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=Fe1eU8XXFqfMsQTXnYDQBA&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&

imgrc=kiqeoZYz0vxJRM%253A%3BKuOKVTR004dGRM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.flags.net%252Fimages%252Flargeflags%252FPOLA0002.GIF%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.flags.net%252FPOLA.htm%3B413%3B260

• http://www.jewornotjew.com/profile.jsp?ID=1143• http://www.zm.org.pl/?a=mazury-107• http://necspenecmetu.tumblr.com/post/14760639616/sir-anthony-van-dyck-christ-crucified-with-the• http://www.newrepublic.com/article/books-and-arts/the-wizard • http://www.panoramio.com/photo/59951913• http://www.poetryloverspage.com/poets/akhmatova/akhmatova_ind.html • http://www.whoateallthepies.tv/videos/127342/euro-2012-poland-1-1-greece-goals-red-cards-a-penalty-miss-as-euro-opener-explodes-into-life-photos-highlights.html/attachment/poland-soccer-euro-2012-fans • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_flags

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Nigeria

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_flag