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Philosophy Faculty Reading List and Course Outline 2014-2015

PART IB PAPER 07: POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

SYLLABUS

Power: What is power?; who has power?; power, justification and violence. Democracy: Justifications of democracy; deliberative democracy; paradox of democracy. Equality: Redistributive taxation - equality of what?; the value of equality; equality and efficiency; equality of opportunity and positive discrimination. Liberty: Positive and negative liberty; the value of freedom; autonomy and paternalism.

COURSE OUTLINE

On one view of contemporary political philosophy its central question is: what should the state do? This course examines four topics that go to the heart of this question.

The first topic, power, explores one of the most central and controversial concepts in political thought. What is power? Who has it, when, and over whom? How is power legitimately exercised by individuals, the state, or individuals and groups in response to the state? When if ever, is it legitimate to use violence to promote political aims? These and other questions are explored by engaging with both contemporary and historically important writings in the field. The second topic, democracy, asks whether a government is legitimate only if it is democratic, and what democracy requires. There are many different forms of democracy and this topic explores their competing strengths and weaknesses. The third topic is another value with hidden complications: equality. Contemporary political philosophy sits on an egalitarian plateau: the idea that human beings have equal worth is seldom contested. However, it is obvious that humans are far more different than they are the same, so what does it mean to say that people are equal? And given that human beings are in some important sense equal, what normative implication does this have for how the state should treat them? In what sense, if any, should people be treated equally? The fourth topic addresses one of the fundamental values of contemporary political philosophy: liberty. At least in Western societies, more freedom is widely regarded to be better than less, and governments are thought to do better the more freedom they allow their citizens. But what is liberty and what exactly is its value?

Prerequisites

None 2

Objectives

Students taking this paper will be expected to:

1. Acquire a detailed knowledge of some of the concepts, positions and arguments in the central literature on the topics of the course.

2. Acquire a sense of how the positions on different topics relate to each other. 3. Engage closely and critically with some of the ideas studied. 4. Develop their ability to think independently about some of the ideas studied. 5. Construct their own arguments, responding to but not merely reproducing the

arguments of others.

Preliminary Reading

DWORKIN, Ronald, Sovereign Virtue: the Theory and Practice of Equality (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000).

GEUSS, Raymond, Philosophy and Real Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008). Also available online at: www.dawsonera.com.

LEFTWICH, Adrian, ed., What Is Politics? (Cambridge: Polity, 2004). MCKINNON, Catriona, ed., Issues in Political Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press,

2008; 2nd ed. 2012). NOZICK, Robert, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). RAWLS, John, A Theory of Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972; Rev. ed.

1999), chs. 1-3. SWIFT, Adam, Political Philosophy: A Beginner's Guide for Students and Politicians. 2nd

ed. (Cambridge: Polity, 2006). WOLFF, Jonathan, An Introduction to Political Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University

Press, 2002).

READING LIST

Items marked with an asterisk* are important.

POWER

What Is Power? Who Has Power? Power, Justification and Violence

*ALLEN, Amy, 'Feminist Perspectives on Power', in E.N. Zalta, ed., Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2013 ed.) [Online]. Available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminist-power (Accessed: 19 May 2014).

*DAHL, Robert A., 'The Concept of Power', Behavioral Science, 2 (1957): 201-15. *LUKES, Steven, Power: A Radical View. 2nd ed. (London: Macmillan, 2005). ALLEN, Amy, 'Rethinking Power', Hypatia, 13 (1998): 21-40. BUFACCHI, Vittorio, Violence: A Philosophical Anthology (Basingstoke: Palgrave

Macmillan, 2009).

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CLEGG, Stewart R., and Mark HAUGAARD, eds., The Sage Handbook of Power (London: Sage, 2009). [Especially chapters by Gohler, Dowding, Morriss, Tilly and Jessop]

DOWDING, Keith, 'Rational Choice Approaches to Analyzing Power', in K. Nash and A. Scott, eds., The Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001). Also available online at: http://www.credoreference.com/entry/bkcps/rational_choice_approaches_to_analyzing_power.

FOUCAULT, Michel, Power/Knowledge (Brighton: Harvester, 1980), especially "Two Lectures" and "The Eye of Power". Another option is his Discipline and Punish (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979), especially Part 3 ch. 3: "Panopticism".

HARTSOCK, Nancy, 'Foucault on Power: A Theory for Women?' in L. Nicholson, ed., Feminism/Postmodernism (London: Routledge, 1990).

MACKINNON, Catharine, 'Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination', in A. Phillips, ed., Feminism and Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 295-313.

MORRISS, Peter, Power: A Philosophical Analysis. 2nd ed. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002).

WARTENBERG, Thomas, ed., The Forms of Power: From Domination to Transformation (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1990).

WEBER, Max, Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, translated by E. Fischoff, et al. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1978).

WOLFF, Robert P., 'On Violence', The Journal of Philosophy, 66 (1969): 601-16. YEATMANN, Anna, 'Feminism and Power', in M.L. Shanley and U. Narayan, eds.,

Reconstructing Political Theory: Feminist Perspective (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997), pp. 144-57.

YOUNG, Iris M., 'Five Faces of Oppression', in T. Wartenberg, ed., Rethinking Power (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1992). Reprinted in L. Heldke and P. OConnor, eds., Oppression, Privilege, and Resistance (Boston, NJ: McGraw-Hill, 2004).

DEMOCRACY

Justifications of Democracy

*ARNESON, Richard J., 'Defending the Purely Instrumental Account of Democratic Legitimacy', Journal of Political Philosophy, 11 (2003): 122-32.

*COPP, David, Jean HAMPTON, and John E. ROEMER, eds., The Idea of Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). [Especially chs. by Arneson, Christiano, and Estlund]

*DWORKIN, Ronald, 'Political Equality', in his Sovereign Virtue (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), pp. 184-210. Also available on Camtools.

*ESTLUND, David, Democratic Authority (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008). Also available online at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/?ID=246327. [Especially chs. 1-3 & 6]

*HARRISON, Ross, Democracy (London: Routledge, 1993). Also available online at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/?id=18248.

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BRIGHOUSE, Harry, 'Egalitarianism and Equal Availability of Political Influence', Journal of Political Philosophy 4(1996): 118-41.

CHRISTIANO, Thomas, The Constitution of Equality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com. [Especially chs. 1-3]

COHEN, Joshua, 'An Epistemic Conception of Democracy', Ethics, 97 (1986): 26-38. WALDRON, Jeremy, 'Rights and Majorities: Rousseau Revisited', in J. Chapman and A.

Wertheimer, eds., Majorities and Minorities, Nomos 32 (New York: New York University Press, 1990), pp. 44-75. Reprinted in his Liberal Rights (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 392-421.

Deliberative Democracy

*CHRISTIANO, Thomas, 'The Significance of Public Deliberation', in J. Bohman and W. Rehg, eds., Deliberative Democracy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997), pp. 243-77. Also available on Camtools.

*COHEN, Joshua, 'Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy', in A. Hamlin and P. Pettit, eds., The Good Polity (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989), pp. 17-34. Reprinted in J. Bohman and W. Rehg, eds., Deliberative Democracy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997), pp. 67-91. Also available on Camtools.

*ELSTER, Jon, 'The Market and the Forum', in A. Hylland and J. Elster, eds., Foundations of Social Choice Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp. 103-32. Reprinted in J. Bohman and W. Rehg, eds., Deliberative Democracy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997), pp. 3-34. Also in D. Matravers and J.E. Pike eds., Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology (London: Routledge, 2003), pp. 325-41, and available online at: http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=11396

*GUTMANN, Amy, and Dennis F. THOMPSON, Democracy and Disagreement (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), chs. 1-4 & 6.

*MILLER, David, 'Deliberative Democracy and Social Choice', Political Studies, 40 (1992): 54-67. Reprinted in his Citizenship and National Identity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000), pp. 8-23.

*RAWLS, John, 'The Idea of Public Reason', in his Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), pp. 212-54. Reprinted in J. Bohman and W. Rehg, eds., Deliberative Democracy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997) pp. 93-141.

ELSTER, Jon, Deliberative Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998). FISHKIN, James S., Democracy and Deliberation (New Haven, NJ: Yale University Press,

1991). RAWLS, John, 'The Domain of the Political and Overlapping Consensus', New York

University Law Review, 64 (1989): 233-55. Reprinted in D. Matravers and J.E. Pike eds., Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology (London: Routledge, 2003), pp. 160-81. Also available online at: http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=11396

Paradox of Democracy

*BARRY, Brian, Political Argument (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1965).

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*ESTLUND, David, 'The Persistent Puzzle of the Minority Democrat', American Philosophical Quarterly, 26 (1989): 143-51.

*HARRISON, Ross, Democracy (London: Routledge, 1993), ch. 12. Also available online at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/?id=18248.

*HONDERICH, Ted, 'A Difficulty with Democracy', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 3 (1974): 221-26.

*WOLLHEIM, Richard, 'A Paradox in the Theory of Democracy', in P. Laslett and W.G. Runciman, eds., Philosophy, Politics and Society: Second Series (Oxford: Blackwell, 1962), pp. 71-87. Also available on Camtools.

EQUALITY

Redistributive Taxation

*COHEN, G.A., Self-Ownership, Freedom, and Equality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), chs. 1-4, 9 & 10. Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511521270. [Central text with a critical analysis of Nozick's views]

*FREEMAN, Samuel, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Rawls (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002). Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521651670 . [Especially chs. by Daniels, Scanlon, and Van Parijs]

*NOZICK, Robert, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (Oxford: Blackwell, 1974), chs. 7 & 8. *PAUL, Jeffrey, ed., Reading Nozick (Oxford: Oxford: Blackwell, 1982). [Especially chs.

by Scanlon and Ryan, Singer] *RAWLS, John, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University

Press, 2001). *RAWLS, John, A Theory of Justice. Rev. ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999),

chs. 1-3 & 5. BARRY, Brian, 'Review of Anarchy, State and Utopia by Robert Nozick', Political Theory,

3, no. 3 (1975): 331-36. DANIELS, Norman, Reading Rawls (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1975; 2nd

ed. 1989). [chs. by Nagel, Scanlon, Hart, and Daniels] GEUSS, Raymond, Philosophy and Real Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University

Press, 2008), Part 2, pp. 59-94. Also available online at: www.dawsonera.com. KUKATHAS, Chandran, and Philip PETTIT, Rawls: A Theory of Justice and Its Critics

(Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990), chs. 1-3. POGGE, Thomas, Realizing Rawls (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989). RAWLS, John, Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993).

[Especially lectures IV and VI] WALDRON, Jeremy, The Right to Private Property (Oxford: Oxford University Press,

1988), ch. 7. WOLFF, Jonathan, 'Equality: the Recent History of an Idea', Journal of Moral Philosophy,

4, no. 1 (2007): 125-36. WOLFF, Jonathan, Robert Nozick: Property Justice and the Minimal State (Oxford: Polity

Press in association with Basil Blackwell, 1991), chs. 1, 2 & 4. 6

Equality of what?

*ARNESON, Richard J., 'Equality and Equal Opportunity for Welfare', Philosophical Studies, 56 (1989): 77-93. Reprinted in L. Pojman and R. Westmoreland, eds., Equality: Selected Readings (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 229-241.

*COHEN, G.A., 'On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice', Ethics, 99 (1989): 906-44. Reprinted in M. Otsuka, ed., On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice and Other Essays (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011). Also available online at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/?id=296502.

*DWORKIN, Ronald, 'What Is Equality?: Part 1: Equality of Welfare and What Is Equality?; Part 2: Equality of Resources', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 10 (1981): 283-345. Reprinted in his Sovereign Virtue (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), pp. 11-119.

*SEN, Amartya, 'Equality of What?' in S. McMurrin, ed., Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Vol. I, 1980). Also available online at: http://tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/s/sen80.pdf. Reprinted in S. Darwall, ed., Equal Freedom (Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan University Press, 1995), pp. 307-30.

*SEN, Amartya, Inequality Reexamined (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992). Also available on line at: www.oxfordscholarship.com. [Especially chs. 1 & 3]

ARNESON, Richard J., 'Equality of Opportunity for Welfare Defended and Recanted', Journal of Political Philosophy, 7 (1999): 488-97.

BURLEY, Justine, ed., Dworkin and His Critics (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004). Also available online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9780470996386. [Papers by Cohen and Otsuka]

CLAYTON, Matthew, and Andrew WILLIAMS, 'Egalitarian Justice and Interpersonal Comparison', European Journal of Political Research, 35 (1999): 445-64.

CLAYTON, Matthew, and Andrew WILLIAMS, 'Some Questions for Egalitarians', in M. Clayton and A. Williams, eds., The Ideal of Equality (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 1-19.

DANIELS, Norman, 'Equality of What: Welfare, Resources or Capabilities?', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 50 (1990 ): 273-96. Reprinted in his Justice and Justification (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 208-31.

RAWLS, John, 'Social Unity and Primary Goods', in A. Sen and B. Williams, eds., Utilitarianism and Beyond (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 159-85. Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511611964.010.

The Value of Equality

*ANDERSON, Elizabeth S., 'What Is the Point of Equality?', Ethics, 109 (1999): 287-337. *FRANKFURT, Harry, 'Equality as a Moral Ideal', Ethics, 98 (1987): 21-43. Reprinted in

his The Importance of What We Care About (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 134-158 and also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511818172. Also in L.P. Pojman and R. Westmoreland, eds., Equality: Selected Readings (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 261-73.

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*NAGEL, Thomas, 'Equality', in his Mortal Questions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), pp. 106-27. Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107341050.

*PARFIT, Derek, 'Equality or Priority?' in M. Clayton and A. Williams, eds., The Ideal of Equality (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 81-125. Also available on Camtools.

*SCANLON, T.M., 'The Diversity of Objections to Inequality', in M. Clayton and A. Williams, eds., The Ideal of Equality (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 41-59.

*TEMKIN, Larry, 'Equality, Priority, and the Levelling Down Objection', in M. Clayton and A. Williams, eds., The Ideal of Equality (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 126-61.

*WILLIAMS, Bernard, 'The Idea of Equality', in P. Laslett and W.G. Runciman, eds., Philosophy, Politics and Society. 2nd Series (Oxford: Blackwell, 1962), pp. 110-31. Reprinted in his Problems of the Self (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973). Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621253.016.

DWORKIN, Ronald, 'Equality, Luck and Hierarchy', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 31 (2003): 190-98.

RAZ, Joseph, 'Equality', in his The Morality of Freedom (Cambridge: Clarendon Press, 1986), pp. 217-44. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.

SCHEFFLER, Samuel, 'What Is Egalitarianism?', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 31 (2003): 5-39.

WILKINSON, Richard, and Kate PICKETT, The Spirit Level: Why Equality Is Better for Everyone (London: Penguin, 2010).

WOLFF, Jonathan, 'Fairness, Respect, and the Egalitarian Ethos', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 27, no. 2 (1998): 97-122.

Equality and Efficiency

*CARENS, Joseph, 'Rights and Duties in an Egalitarian Society', Political Theory 14 (1986): 31-49.

*COHEN, G.A., Rescuing Justice and Equality (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008). [Part 1, especially ch. 1]

*WILKINSON, Richard, and Kate PICKETT, The Spirit Level: Why Equality Is Better for Everyone (London: Penguin, 2010).

*WILLIAMS, Andrew, 'Incentives, Inequality, and Publicity', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 27 (1998): 225-47.

COHEN, G.A., 'Where the Action Is: On the Site of Distributive Justice', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 26 (1997): 3-30. Reprinted in his If You're an Egalitarian, How Come You're So Rich? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000).

RAWLS, John, A Theory of Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972; Rev. ed. 1999), chs. 2 & 5.

SHAW, Patrick, 'The Pareto Argument and Inequality', The Philosophical Quarterly 49 (1999): 353-68.

Equality of Opportunity and Positive Discrimination

*CHAMBERS, Clare, 'Each Outcome Is Another Opportunity: Problems with the Moment of Equal Opportunity', Politics, Philosophy and Economics, 8 (2009): 374-400.

*DWORKIN, Ronald, Sovereign Virtue (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), chs. 11 & 12.

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*MASON, Andrew, 'Equality of Opportunity, Old and New', Ethics, 111 (2001): 760-81. Reprinted in his Levelling the Playing Field (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.

*NAGEL, Thomas, 'Equal Treatment and Compensatory Discrimination', Philosophy & Public Affairs 2(1973): 348-63. Also in his Mortal Questions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107341050 as 'The Policy of Preference'.

*SHER, George, 'Diversity', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 28 (1999): 85-104. *THOMSON, Judith Jarvis, 'Preferential Hiring', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 2 (1973):

364-84. Reprinted in S.M. Cahn, ed., The Affirmative Action Debate (London: Routledge, 1995), pp. 45-69.

*WILLIAMS, Bernard, 'The Idea of Equality', in P. Laslett and W.G. Runciman, eds., Philosophy, Politics and Society (Oxford: Blackwell, 1962), pp. 110-31. Reprinted in his Problems of the Self (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973). Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621253.016.

CAVANAGH, Matt, Against Equality of Opportunity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).

EDWARDS, John, Positive Discrimination, Social Justice and Social Policy (London: Tavistock, 1987).

EZORSKY, Gertrude, Racism and Justice: the Case for Affirmative Action (New York, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991), chs. 1-4.

GOLDMAN, Alan H., Justice and Reverse Discrimination (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979).

SCHAAR, John J., 'Equality of Opportunity, and Beyond', in J. Chapman and R. Pennock, eds., Equality, Nomos 9 (New York: Atherton, 1967), pp. 228-49. Reprinted in L. Pojman and R. Westmoreland, eds., Equality: Selected Readings (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 137-47.

LIBERTY

Excerpts of much of the listed material can be found in:

CARTER, Ian, Matthew KRAMER, and Hillel STEINER, eds., Freedom: A Philosophical Anthology (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006). [Especially Parts I, VII and VIII]

MILLER, David, ed., The Liberty Reader (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006). Previously published as D. Miller, ed., Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).

Positive and Negative Liberty

*BERLIN, Isaiah, 'Two Concepts of Liberty', in his Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969), pp. 118-72. Reprinted in his Liberty (Oxford: Oxford

University Press, 2002), and in Liberty edited by D. Miller (above). Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.

*COHEN, G.A., 'Freedom and Money', in M. Otsuka, ed., On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice, and Other Essays in Political Philosophy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011). Also available online at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/?id=296502.

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*MACCALLUM, Gerald C., 'Negative and Positive Freedom', Philosophical Review, 76 (1967): 312-34. Reprinted in Miller (above).

*PETTIT, Philip, Republicanism. A Theory of Freedom and Government (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), chs. 1-3. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.

*STEINER, Hillel, An Essay on Rights (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), ch. 2. *TAYLOR, Charles, 'What's Wrong with Negative Liberty', in A. Ryan, ed., The Idea of

Freedom: Essays in Honour of Isaiah Berlin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979), pp. 175-93. Reprinted in Miller (above). Also available on Camtools.

COHEN, G.A., 'Capitalism, Freedom and the Proletariat', in D. Miller, ed., Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 163-82. Reprinted in M. Otsuka, ed., On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice and Other Essays in Political Philosophy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011), pp. 147-65. Also available online at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/?id=296502.

GARNETT, Michael, 'Ignorance, Incompetence and the Concept of Liberty', Journal of Political Philosophy, 15 (2007): 428-46.

SKINNER, Quentin, 'The Idea of Negative Liberty', in R. Rorty, J.B. Schneewind and Q. Skinner, eds., Philosophy in History: Essays on the Historiography of Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), pp. 193-221.

WALDRON, Jeremy, 'Homelessness and the Issue of Freedom', UCLA Law Review, 39 (1991): 295-324. Also in his Liberal Rights (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 309-38.

The Value of Freedom

*CARTER, Ian, A Measure of Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), chs. 1 & 2. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.

*DWORKIN, Gerald, 'Is More Freedom Better Than Less?' in his The Theory and Practice of Autonomy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 62-85. Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511625206.

*DWORKIN, Ronald, A Matter of Principle (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), ch. 8. KRAMER, Matthew, The Quality of Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), ch.

2, sect. 1. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com. KRISTJNSSON, Kristjn, Social Freedom: The Responsibility View (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1996), ch. 2. Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511627910.

MILLER, David, 'Constraints on Freedom', Ethics, 94 (1983): 66-86. OPPENHEIM, Felix E., ''Constraints on Freedom' as a Descriptive Concept', Ethics, 95

(1985): 305-09. Reprinted in Carter et al., eds., Freedom: a Philosophical Anthology (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006), pp. 225-32.

STEINER, Hillel, An Essay on Rights (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), ch. 2.

Autonomy and Paternalism

*CHRISTMAN, John, 'Constructing the Inner Citadel: Recent Work on the Concept of Autonomy', Ethics, 101 (1988): 505-20.

*COLBURN, Ben, Autonomy and Liberalism (London: Routledge, 2010), chs. 1-3. 10

*DWORKIN, Gerald, The Theory and Practice of Autonomy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511625206. [Especially chs. 1, 2 & 5]

*HURKA, Thomas, 'Why Value Autonomy?' Social Theory & Practice, 13 (1987): 361-82. *RAZ, Joseph, The Morality of Freedom (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), chs. 14 & 15. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.

*WALL, Steven, Liberalism, Perfectionism and Restraint (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), chs. 6-8. Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511583339.

CHRISTMAN, John, ed., The Inner Citadel: Essays on Individual Autonomy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).

CHRISTMAN, John, and Joel ANDERSON, eds., Autonomy and the Challenges to Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005). Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610325.

FRIEDMAN, Marilyn A., Autonomy, Gender, Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), chs. 1-3. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.

HAWORTH, Lawrence, Autonomy (New Haven, NJ: Yale University Press, 1986). PAUL, Ellen F., Fred D. MILLER, and Jeffrey PAUL, eds., Autonomy (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 2003). Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550119 [Essays by Oshana, Taylor and Wall]