RO20 – Child Study Development & examples of activities

Physical development

Physical toys and suitable activities to do with the children

Major motor skills / Gross motor skillsCrawlingRolling overSittingStandingWalkingRunningClimbing stairsHop/skip/jumpingSwimmingRiding a bike / pedals / steersKicking a ballSquatting down Dancing to music

Minor motor skills / fine manipulative skillsPicking things up exactly (primitive, mature, tripod pincer grip)Hand eye co-ordinationUsing hands and fingers to do precise tasks.DrawingPaintingcolouring but not always within the linesDoing buttons and lacesPutting shoes ontaking shoes offShaping and moulding things in their handsThreading beadsWritingJigsawsTurning pages of a bookTouching objects Cutting out shapes using scissorsCopying letters on paper / pencil controlEating using a spoon or forkPutting on and taking coat off / zipsTurning door knobs / handles on doorsClapping

Intellectual development

18 months

Push and pull toysThreading toys

Picture books in card or fabricSimple tricyclesRocking horseMusical toys

Cause and effect toys – e.g. jack-in-the-box

2 years

Ride-on and sit-on toysLarge Duplo / Sticklebricks

Construction toysBricks

Crayons and paperPlay-doh

Picture booksMusical instruments

3 years

Large outdoor toys e.g. swings, slides / climbingframes, trampolines, scooters

Paint and crayonsTricycles

Dressing up clothesSand and water

4 years

Any materials or objects for creative activities e.g.Collage, junk modelling

Paints and crayonsJigsaw puzzles

Construction toys e.g. LegoLarge outdoor toys e.g. swings, slides / climbing

frames, trampolines, scooters, balls, tennis

5 years

Any materials or objects for creative activities e.g.Collage, junk modelling

Paints and crayonsJigsaw puzzles

Construction toys e.g. LegoLarge outdoor toys e.g. swings, slides / climbing

frames, trampolines, scootersPlaydoh

Kenetic sandBoard gamesRollerbladesHop scotch

Skipping ropesBaking

Dressing up

KEY LEARNING POINTS – PHYSICAL

IndependenceReleases tension

Strengthens bones and musclesHelps balance and coordination

Increases confidence

1 year

RattlesStacking beakers/bricks

Push and pull toys large ballsCardboard books

Baby swingsShape sorters

Intellectual Skills (using the brain and intelligence / learning)

Speech / use of grammar/ length of sentencesPronunciation of wordsBeing able to listen and repeat words back to you.Understanding numbersCountingKnowing coloursReadingRecognising words by sight / alphabetWritingDrawing MemorizingconcentrationAbility to follow instructionsQuestioningTrial and errorCopyingExploringRepeatingRole playExperimentingTimeShapeWeight / volume/ massOppositesSpeed / distanceTemperature

Intellectual toys and suitable activities to do with the children

1 – 2 years

‘Feely’ bags and boxesActivity mats

Paper and large crayonsActivity centresBuilding blocks

Musical toysPeek-a-boo games

Finger rhymes and actions

2 - 3 years

SingingSimple games and large puzzles

Paints, crayons, paperConstruction toys e.g. Lego (colours / shape/ size)

Dressing up clothesAlphabet games

Any toys or objects for imaginative playPlay-doh/ plasticine

Simple cooking activities (following instructions)Trips to new places e.g. zoo, farms

Reading – going to the libraryMusical instruments

Writing their name / drawing pictures

3 - 4 years

SingingSimple games and large puzzles

Paints, crayons, paperConstruction toys e.g. Lego (colours / shape/ size)

Dressing up clothesAlphabet / number games

Any toys or objects for imaginative playPlay-doh/ plasticine

Simple cooking activities (following instructions)Trips to new places e.g. zoo, farms

Reading – going to the libraryMusical instruments

Writing their name / drawing picturesMagnetic boards with numbers and letters

Water and sand playTelling stories

Spotting road signs

4-5 years

More complex jigsawsBoard games – snakes and ladders,

Snap – picture or phonicsMatching games

DominoesCollages using leaves, magazines

Cardboard box fun – creating cars etcSimple scientific toys e.g. magnifying glass,

BinocularsWord apps on tables, iPad, mobile phones

Sorting and pairing appsVisits to the zoo, cinema, museums, theatre

SwimmingStory telling / use of phonicsReading – going to the library

Tracing letters / numbersRole play – doctors, washing, dressing etc

SlimeThreading beads/ dried pasta

Singing and learning dance routinesChalk patterns

Baking – making animal cookies, number cookies,Different shapes

Felt peopleNumber / letter stamps

Painting, drawing, writing

Social developmentSocial including behaviour

MannersBehaviour with youBehaviour with othersHow they respond to discipline from different peopleHow they play – on their own, or socially in a group.sharingLevel of maturity and independenceCan they carry out any of the following social functions,feed themselves, wash, dress, and undress themselves?Self-esteemSelf-imageSocial skillsFeelings – learning to cope with positive and negative- (jealousy, fear, anger, sad)Respecting othersTaking turnsWorking in a group / team

0- 1 years

Talk to your child when doing day to day activitiesMake eye contact when talking to them

Help them find an emotional bond with eg favouriteToy, blanket, bedtime book

Respond to the child cries and moansRespond to the child ‘small cooing sounds’, nodand make the child know you have responded

Play groups – meet other children/ adults

2 – 3 years

Playgroups, nursery – allowing children to playwith their peers

Pretend playAllowing your child to comfort other children

when needed e.g. hug, high-five.Explain / talk to your child about sharing, taking

turns, how it makes other feelUse puppets to create a story – using emotions

Encourage early friendshipsMake a ‘friend book’

Praise and encourage social skills-

3 - 4 years

Playgroups, nursery – allowing children to playwith their peers

Pretend playSimple card games to encourage turn taking

Painting, drawing, making things in a group – getthe child to share their work with the rest of the

groupSocial outings e.g. out for tea (table manners /Behaviour), day trips, accepting the word no.

5 years

Playgroups, nursery – allowing children to playwith their peers

Simple board gamesCooperative games

Problem solving activitiesTreasure hunts in pairs / teams

Play Simon says, red light/green lightMusical games

Following a dance routine togetherRole / pretend play.

Day trips / acceptable behaviour