figure 2.2 water balance diagram (writing, …gpcb.gov.in/pdf/n_r_aggarwal_part_ii.pdf · 1 msep 8...
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REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-22 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Figure 2.2 WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM (WRITING, PRINTING AND NEWSPRINT
PAPER PROJECT)
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-23 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Figure 2.3 WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM (CPP PROJECT)
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-24 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
2.2.3.3 Expected Effluent Quality
The expected effluent quality generated from the proposed project (both Paper
manufacturing as well as Co-generation Captive Power Plant) is as follows :
Expected Effluent Quality
Parameters Unit Value
BOD3 at 27 oC mg/l 500 COD mg/l 1800 – 2000 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 5000 – 6000 pH 6.5 – 8.0 Oil & Grease mg/l 10 Heavy Metals mg/l Nil
Treated Effluent Quality
Parameters Unit Value
BOD3 at 27 oC mg/l < 30 COD mg/l < 100 Total Suspended Solids mg/l < 20 pH 6.5 – 7.5 Oil & Grease mg/l < 10 Heavy Metals mg/l Nil
Note: All treated parameters mentioned are within the limit prescribed by the
State Pollution Control Board.
The quality of Condensate from MEE is expected to be as follows :
Parameters Unit Value
BOD3 at 27
oC mg/l < 10
COD mg/l < 40 Total Suspended Solids mg/l < 50 pH - 6.5 – 7.5 Oil & Grease mg/l < 10 Heavy Metals mg/l Nil Colour Pt. Co. Colourless TDS mg/l <200
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-25 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
2.2.3.4 Proposed Effluent Treatment Scheme
Proposed treatment scheme will be comprised of following treatment steps.
Fine Screening ( 6 mm clear opening)
Equalization
Flash Mixing
Clariflocculation
MBBR System
Secondary Clarification
Pressure Sand Filter
Activated Carbon Filter
Sludge Dethickening for Biological System only
Multiple Effect Evaporation System for 900 m3/day
Waste water from different sources will be collected into common Equalization
Tank after coarse screening (6 mm clear spacing). This tank equalizes the
flow and strength of waste. From the Equalization Tank, the effluent will be
pumped into the Flash Mixing Unit where required dose of Alum will be fed into
Flash Mixer to coagulate the suspended solids so as to reduce TSS, BOD and
COD. From Flash Mixing Unit the effluent is sent to the Clariflocculator for floc
formation and removal of settled solids from the bottom. Overflow from the
Clariflocculator is sent to the MBBR tank and Aeration tank where DAP and
Urea is added as a nutrient for bacteria and necessary air is supplied by
means of fine bubble diffuser for biological activity.
Overflow from the Aeration Tanks is sent to Secondary Clarifier where
sufficient retention time is maintained to allow the large biomass particles to
settle at the bottom. The overflow from the Secondary Clarifier is stored in the
intermediate Holding Tank, from which the effluent is pumped through
Pressure Sand Filter and Activated Carbon Filter to further reduce the
suspended solids, colour and odour. Outlet from Activated Carbon Filter is
disinfected with Sodium Hypochlorite solution and collected in a Treated tank
and is stored for reuse.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-26 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Sludge generated in the Clariflocculator is sent to further sludge treatment
(client’s scope) and from Secondary Clarifier to the Sludge Thickener to
thicken the sludge. The over-flow from the Sludge Thickener is recycled back
to the Equalization Tank and waste sludge is sent to Sludge Drying Beds. The
dried sludge will be used as manure. The filtrate obtained from Sludge Drying
Beds is recycled back to the Equalization Tank.
Summary of Civil Process Units
Sr. No.
Civil Units Dimension (m) L x B x SWD + FB
Qty MOC
1 Fine Screen Chamber 1.5 x 0.6 x 0.5 + 0.5 1 RCC 2 Equalization Tank 17 x 17 x 3 + 0.5 2 RCC 3 Alum Solution Tank 2.0 x 2.0 x 2 + 0.5 2 RCC 4 Flash Mixing Tank 1.6 x 1.6 x 2.0 + 0.5 1 RCC 5 Clariflocculator 21 Ø x 3.5 + 0.5 1 RCC 6 MBBR Tank 9.3 x 93. x 6 + 1.5 2 RCC 7 Aeration Tank 24.5 x 24.5 x 3.5 + 1.2 1 RCC 8 Secondary Clarifier 24 Ø x 3 + 0.5 1 RCC 9 Intermediate Holding Tank 10 x 10 x 3.0 + 0.5 1 RCC
10 Treated Tank 19 x 19 x 3.0 + 0.5 1 RCC 11 Sludge Thickener for
biological sludge 5.0 Ø x 3.0 + 0.5 1 RCC
12 Polyelectrolyte Solution Tank 1.5 x 1.5 x 2.0 + 0.5 2 RCC 13 Lime Solution Tank 1.5 x 1.5 x 2.0 + 0.5 2 RCC 14 MCC room cum Lab Room
(G+1) 6 x 6 x 4.0 Ht. 1 RCC
Framed 15 Sludge Drying Bed 10 x 10 x 2m ht. 2 Brick with
RCC channel
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-27 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Summary of Mechanical Units
Sr. No.
Mechanical / Process Equipments
Details Qty MOC
1 Fine Screen Mechanism 6 mm clear spacing suitable for above mentioned tank size
1 SS-304
2 Equalization Tank Aerators 10 HP 2 SS-304 3 Raw Effluent Transfer Pumps Submersible type 290 m3 / hr
at 20 MWC 2 CI
4 Alum Dosing Pump 100 - 600 lph at 2 kg / cm2 2 SS-304 5 Lime Dosing Pump 100 - 300 lph at 2 kg / cm2 2 SS-304 6 Flash Mixer Suitable for above mentioned
tank size 1 SS-304
7 Clariflocculator Suitable for above mentioned tank size
1 MSEP
8 Urea Solution Tank 6 m3 capacity 1 HDPE 9 Urea Solution Tank Agitator Suitable for tank size
mentioned above 1 SS 304
10 DAP Solution Tank 1.5 m3 capacity 1 HDPE 11 DAP Solution Tank Agitator Suitable for tank size
mentioned above 1 SS-304
12 Coarse Bubble Aeration Piping System
Suitable to process requirement
1 lot HDPE
13 Air Blower for MBBR tank 3200 m3 / hr @ 07 kg / cm2 2 CI 14 Surface Aeration System 40 HP 4 MSEP 15 Secondary clarifier
Mechanism Suitable for tank size mentioned above
1 MSEP
16 Sludge Recirculation Pumps Centrifuge type 280 m3 / hr at 10 m WC
2 CI
17 Filter Feed Pumps Centrifuge type 295 m3 / hr at 30 m WC
2 CI
18 Pressure Sand Filter 4.3 m dia x 2.0 m HOS 2 MSEP 19 Activated Carbon Filter 4.3 m dia x 2.0 m HOS 2 MSEP 20 Filter Backwash Pumps Centrifugal type 440 m3 / hr at
10 m WC 2 CI
21 Hypochlorite Solution Tank 1000 liters capacity 1 HDPE 22 Hypochlorite Dosing Pump 0 – 100 lph at 2 kg / cm2 2 SS-316 23 Sludge Thickener Mechanism Suitable for tank size
mentioned above 1 MSEP
24 Agitator for Lime Solution Tank
Suitable for tank size mentioned above
2 SS 316
25 Agitator for Polyelectrolyte Solution Tank
Suitable for tank size mentioned above
2 SS 316
26 Agitator for Alum Solution Tank
Suitable for tank size mentioned above
2 SS 316
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-28 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Summary of Instrumentation Works
Sr. No.
Description Qty Location
1 Ultrasonic type flow meter (open channel) 1 At the inlet of ETP
2 Ultrasonic type flow meter (open channel) 1 At the outlet of ETP
3 Level switches assembly (comprising of three set point float type level switches viz. LSL, LSO, LSH)
2 For raw effluent Collection Tank and Intermediate Holding Tank
4 Pressure gauges 15 0 to 4 kg / cm2 for pumps and air blower
5 Differential pressure gauge 4 For Pressure Sand Filter & Activated Carbon Filter
Details of Multiple Effect Evaporator:
Design Capacity : 40 m3 / hr
Desired Capacity : 32 m3 / hr Expected Quantity of Condensate : 30.8 m3 / hr Steam Consumption : 18.5 MT / hr No. of Stages : Four
Material of Construction : S S 316
The schematic flow diagram of the effluent treatment plant is given in Figure 2.4 and the flow diagram of the Multiple Effect Evaporation System is given in
Figure 2.5 below
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-29 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
FIGURE 2.4
SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-30 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
FIGURE 2.5
SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM OF MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATION SYSTEM
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-31 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
2.2.4 Noise Pollution:
The various sources of noise in the industry have been identified as under :
Pumps
Boiler
Coal Handling Unit
The expected noise levels in and around the plant are given below:
Sr. No. Location Noise Level, dB(A)
Day Time Night Time 1) Behind Power Plant 70.0 69.6 2) Nr. ETP 70.1 60.3 3) Outside Power Plant 72.2 70.4 4) Inside Power Plant 71.6 70.4 5) Process 71.2 70.1
All the noise generating machinery / equipments for the proposed Co-
generation Captive Power Plant will be designed and operated to ensure that
the noise level does not exceed 75 – 70 dB (A) at the plant boundary as per the
requirement of the Central / State Pollution Control Board.
Compliance with noise control norms will be given due importance at the time
of purchase of various equipments and it will be mentioned while placing the
purchase orders and guarantee for noise standards will be sought from
suppliers.
2.2.5 Solid Waste Generation
The solid wastes shall be generated from various stages of process and
following types of solid waste are required to be handled.
1. Process Waste
2. ETP Process Waste
3. Fly Ash from Coal Handling system
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-32 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
The different types of solid waste anticipated from the proposed project are
identified and their mode of storage and disposal are described in the Table 2.9 below:
TABLE 2.9 DETAILS OF SOLID / HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Note: Membership of M/s. SWEMCL, Sarigam & SEPL, Kutch has already been obtained for the disposal of hazardous waste.
Sr. No.
Type of Waste Category Physical Characteristics
Quantity, TPM
Storage Area
Mode of Disposal
1 Waste from ETP (Primary, Secondary)
34.3 Semi-solid 600 (wet basis)
100 m2 TSDF, Vapi through SWEMCL
2 De-inking sludge from the process
34.3 Semi-solid 3600 (wet basis)
100 m2 TSDF, Vapi through SWEMCL
3 Sludge from MEE 34.3 Solid 99 50 m2 TSDF, Vapi through SWEMCL
4 Non recyclable plastic waste from the process
- Solid 60 (dry basis)
50 m2 Sent to M/S SEPL, Kutch for co-incineration
5 Used Oil 5.1 Liquid 0.1 10 m2 Sold to registered re-refiners
6 Discarded containers mainly bags / drums / carboys
33.3 Solid 5.0 50 m2 Sold to authorized recycler
7 Fly Ash from the Coal Handling System & APC
34.1 Solid 540 200 m2 Sold to brick manufacturer
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-33 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-34 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-35 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-36 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
2.2.5.1 Solid Waste Management System: 1. Roof covered room / shed with impervious flooring having leachate
collection system and four side wall boundary shall be provided for
storage of solid / hazardous wastes.
2. Dried ETP sludge shall be sent to TSDF site.
3. Used / spent oil shall be sent for incineration / sold to MoEF approved
recycler for suitable treatment.
4. Discarded barrels / containers / liners shall be sent back to supplier / sold
to MoEF approved recycler for suitable treatment / sent to TSDF site for
suitable treatment
Storage
The sludge from primary and secondary sections will be taken into Sludge
Drying Beds. After drying, the same will be filled in polythene bags and stored
in sludge storage tanks and leachate sent back to ETP for further treatment.
The storage system will be leak proof having impervious layer and leachate
collection system. Due care will be taken so that in no case any waste / spill is
released from this site into environment causing surface water / ground water
and soil pollution.
The ETP sludge storage area of 100 m2 shall be covered with roof from top
and have impervious flooring with proper leachate collection system and shall
be closed with four side wall boundary. The storage area will be enough for
the sludge that is generated. In case of leachate generated, the company
shall provide leachate collection system from which it will be taken back to
ETP for further treatment.
The solid wastes generated from process will be packed in drums and kept in
separate storage area and finally sent to the authorized landfill site for its final
disposal. The unit has already obtained the membership of M/s. SWEMCL,
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-37 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Sarigam & SEPL, Kutch which is a GPCB approved TSDF site for suitable
treatment & disposal of hazardous wastes from time to time.
The hazardous wastes generated are Process waste (de-inking sludge), Non -
recyclable Plastic waste, ETP sludge, sludge from MEE, Used Oil and
Discarded Containers / Bags, which will be collected and stored within the unit
prior to its respective disposal.
The ETP sludge, MEE sludge & Process sludge will be collected, stored, &
sent to TSDF of M/S Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Limited
(VWEMCL), GIDC Vapi through SWEMCL.
Non recyclable plastic waste will be collected and sent to M/s. SEPL for co-
incineration.
Used Oil will be collected, stored and sent to registered recyclers.
Discarded empty containers & packing materials will be collected, stored,
decontaminated and sent to authorized traders.
Fly Ash will be collected & sold to brick manufacturers (16 TPD), Asbestos
Sheet manufacturers (6 TPD) as well as Road Construction projects (14 TPD).
2.3 CLEANER PRODUCTION MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Cleaner Production concept is basically targeted towards achieving the following
Objectives either individually or collectively i.e.:
Resource Conservation
Energy Conservation
Water Conservation
Reduction in pollution load (Effluent, Air & Solid Wastes)
Minimization of adverse environmental impact
Reduced production costs
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-38 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
The main application areas of cleaner production technologies can be:
Reduction at source
End of Pipe treatment
Recycling / Reuse
Product Modification
Process improvements and cleaner production principles that will be adopted
for the proposed project are:
The floor washing shall be done by mopping with the wet cloth to avoid
any generation of floor washing.
All drains lead to effluent treatment plant for taking care of any accidental
spillages, floor washings, leakages.
Preventive Maintenance of equipments and machineries shall be carried
out at regular intervals.
Piping, etc. shall be checked regularly for leaks.
Good house - keeping shall be given due importance.
2.3.1 Waste Minimization Methods
Following actions will be taken for Waste Minimization:
Latest state – of – the – art technology will be adopted to get better yield
and minimization of wastages.
Pre determined and controlled dosages of chemicals, water for process
will made use of to prevent wastage of chemicals and water.
Water spraying as well as Dust Collecting System (Bag Filter) will be
provided in the Coal Handling Plant to suppress dust at transfer points,
loading and unloading points.
All the pumps used for scrubbing systems are provided with mechanical
seal which eliminates the possibilities of any leakages and thus reduces
the waste generation.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-39 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
2.4 MAN POWER
The requirement of the personnel for the plant is met with keeping in view the
following:
Technical concept of plant, including process control and instrumentation
Smooth and efficient operation of plant
Effective co-ordination between the various departments within the plant
Optimum organization with well defined and judicious job distribution
Optimum utilization of different grades of workmen and supervisory staff
Maximum capacity utilization of facilities.
The manpower requirement of NRAIL shall be about 50 personnel. More 50
personnel are expected to be employed during construction phase. The
project shall provide temporary employment to local community during
construction phase.
2.4.1 Safety of Manpower
Following personnel protective equipments are provided to the manpower for
their safety.
TABLE 2.10
USE OF PPES
1 Helmets 2 Hand Gloves 3 Safety Goggles 4 Gum Boots 5 Nose Masks 6 Safety Belts 7 Blankets
The Material Safety Data Sheet of all the hazardous wastes, Display Sign
Boards, etc shall be displayed at prominent locations and workers shall be
trained to fight any such emergencies as per onsite emergency plan.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-40 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
2.4.2 Safety Equipments
A list of Safety Equipments/ Fire Hydrants, etc. are given in Table 2.11 below:
TABLE 2.11 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
Location Type of Fire Extinguishers Generator area CO
2 Type, Foam Type, Dry Chemical Powder
Cable galleries CO2 & Foam Type, Dry Chemical Powder
High voltage panel CO2 & Foam Type, Dry Chemical Powder
Control rooms CO2 & Foam Type, Dry Chemical Powder
MCC rooms CO2 & Foam Type, Dry Chemical Powder
Pump Houses CO2 & Foam Type, Dry Chemical Powder
Fuel tank area CO2, Foam Type, Dry Chemical Powder, Sand Basket
Guest House and offices Dry Chemical Powder, Foam Type Godowns Foam Type Crusher house CO
2, Dry Chemical Powder, Foam Type
2.5 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
Green belt form a surface capable of absorbing air pollutants and forming sinks
for pollutants. Plants grown in such a way as to function as pollutants sinks are
collectively referred to as green belts. Apart from functioning as a pollutant
sink, green belts provide other benefits like:
Green belt helps in noise abatement for the surroundings area. Thus, it is
recommended as noise barriers.
Green belt helps in achieving bio diversity by providing possible habitats for
birds and animal, thus recreating hospitable nature in an otherwise drab
urban industrial scene.
Green belts increase the aesthetic value of the site.
It may be noted that the Company is proposed to be located in private non
agricultural land adjacent to notified industrial estate GIDC Sarigam, District:
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-41 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Valsad. M/s. NRAIL shall develop an effective green belt within the factory
and on periphery of the factory. In addition to this, majority of the vacant land
shall be planted with trees, shrubs and grasses. The unit has proposed to
develop 49.04 acres of area having about 15000 trees as green belt out of
total plot area. This comprises of about 33% of the total plant area.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-42 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Figure 2.6 MAP SHOWING GREEN BELT
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-43 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
The Break – up of Land Use is given in Table – 2.12 below:
TABLE – 2.12 LAND USE BREAK - UP
The Break – up of Land Use is given below:
Sr. No.
Land Use Area (m²)
Area (Acre)
1) Paper Machine & Pulp Mill Buildings, Finished Go-down, Waste Paper Go-down and Administrative Buildings, etc
26152.53 6.46
2) ETP 10440.00 2.58 3) Green Belt 198139.00 48.96 4) Roads and Parking 27534.00 6.80 5) Proposed Co-generation Captive Power
Plant 6699.43 1.66
6) Vacant Area 93739.04 23.17 TOTAL 362704.00 89.63
LAND BREAK-UP (WITH GREEN BELT)
Sr. No. Particulars Area
(M²) (Acre) 1 TOTAL PLOT AREA - AS PER 7/12 NAKAL 362704.00 89.63 2 GREEN BELT ZONE 1 144608.00 35.73 3 GREEN BELT ZONE 2 31403.00 7.76 4 GREEN BELT ZONE 3 10159.00 2.51 5 GREEN BELT ZONE 4 11969.00 2.96 TOTAL 198139.00 48.96
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C2-44 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
USED LAND BREAK-UP AREA
Sr. No. Particulars Area
(M²) (Acre) 1 TOTAL PLOT AREA - AS PER 7/12 NAKAL 362704.00 89.63
2 TOTAL BUILT-UP AREA (CONSTRUCTION AREA)
43291.58 10.70 GROUND FLOOR
- PERMISSBILE GREEN BELT AREA (33%)
119692.32 29.58 (33% OF PLOT AREA = 33 X 362704)
- PROVIDED GREEN BELT AREA (≥ 54.62%)
198139.00 48.96
CCHHAAPPTTEERR –– 33 BBAASSEELLIINNEE
EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL SSTTAATTUUSS
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C3-1
Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
CHAPTER 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3.0 INTRODUCTION
Preparation of EIA needs a datum on which the evaluation can be done. It is
therefore, necessary to collect data about different environmental attributes that
are likely to be affected due to the proposed activity, which in turn defines an
existing environmental quality to serve as the datum. Prior to implementation of
any major developmental project or expansion of existing project, the prevailing
environmental quality status in the vicinity of project activity is an essential part of
environmental impact assessment. The existing environmental quality status also
known as baseline is very useful for identification of significant environmental
issues as well as for prediction of impacts on various environmental components.
Base line data are also necessary to identify environmentally significant issues
prior to initiation of proposed action as well as to enumerate the critical
environmental changes likely to occur should the project be implemented.
Here an attempt has been made to collect the information about an existing
environment on eight major environmental attributes, viz.
a) Meteorology and Climate
b) Air Environment
c) Water Environment
d) Noise Environment
e) Soil / Land Environment
f) Biological Environment
g) Socio-economic Environment, and
h) Aesthetic Environment
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C3-2
Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
3.1 MICROMETEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE
The climatic condition is moderate and generally healthy. Summers are somewhat
hot. The plant receives about 2200 mm of rainfall annually. Average temperature
varies between 21 oC to 35 oC. However, extreme temperature goes up to 42 oC
(max) and 8.5 oC (min). Relative humidity varies from 56 % to 89 % around the
year. Monsoon month are July to September. However some rainfall is observed
in June and October. Rain is brought by southwest monsoon winds. During the
rest days sky is generally clear except for few days some clouds are visible.
The Indian Metrological Department’s (IMD) salient climatological data are collected
from Daman (15 km west of Vapi) and the weather monitoring station set up at
Sarigam.
At Daman, the minimum temperature recorded was 18 oC in winter and the
maximum temperature recorded was 39 oC in summer. The minimum relative
humidity recorded was 40 % and the maximum relative humidity recorded was 98
%. The minimum annual rainfall recorded was 1000 mm and the maximum annual
rainfall recorded was 2500 mm.
At Sarigam, the minimum temperature recorded was 15.2 oC in winter and the
maximum temperature recorded was 36.5 oC in summer. The minimum relative
humidity recorded was 60 % and the maximum relative humidity recorded was 85
%. The annual rainfall recorded for the year was 2200 mm.
3.1.1 WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION
At Daman, wind velocity recorded ranged between 3 kmph to 37 kmph. The dominant wind direction recorded for most part of the year was from southwest; through there has been some inference of northwest wind also. At Vapi, the wind direction recorded from April to September in the mornings and evenings was from NE-E-NW and in the evenings from E-SE-S.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C3-3
Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
TABLE 3.1
CLIMATOLIGICAL DATA AT SARIGAM (Year 2010)
Month Atmospheric Pressure, mb
Temperature, oC
Humidity, % Rainfall
08:30 17:30 Max. Min. 08:30 17:30
January 1014.8 1011.2 30.2 15.2 67 61 2.5
February 1012.5 1008.7 32.0 17.1 64 60 3.6
March 1009.7 1005.6 35.1 20.7 64 63 0.7
April 1006.1 1002.1 36.5 24.1 68 67 10.2
May 1001.9 998.3 35.6 27.1 71 71 4.6
June 998.0 995.3 33.6 27.3 78 80 340.4
July 998.0 995.7 31.1 26.2 85 83 692.6
August 999.0 996.4 30.6 25.7 85 83 653.4
September 1003.0 999.9 32.0 25.3 84 83 352.4
October 1008.7 1005.6 34.7 23.2 74 73 133.4
November 1012.8 1009.6 33.8 19.7 70 70 5.5
December 1015.0 1011.4 31.5 16.6 67 64 0.7
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
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Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
TABLE 3.2
CLIMATOLIGICAL DATA FROM IMD STATION AT DAMAN
Sr. No. Parameter Value
Unit
1
Temperature Minimum Maximum
18 39
0C 0C
2 Relative Humidity (average) 69 % 3 Annual Rainfall
Minimum Maximum
1000 2500
mm
4 Wind Velocity Minimum Maximum
3 37
kmph
5 Dominant Wind Direction most part of the year
From South West (There are inferences of North West wind also)
6 Climate Semi arid and coastal
At Vapi, the meteorological data were collected by M/s. Anand Consultants, Ahmedabad by collecting wind speed, wind direction, temperature, stability class, etc was recorded for January, 2011 to May, 2011 by the wind monitoring instrument. The wind rose diagram for the said period, which is latest monitored data and automatically generated from the instrument, is given in Figure 3.1.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C3-5
Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Figure 3.1: Wind Rose Diagram
(Period: January 2011 to May 2011)
Source: WRPLOT VIEW - Lakes Environmental Software
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3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT
3.2.1 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS)
National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009 for the notified Industrial, Residential,
Rural and Other Areas as well as Sensitive Areas are presented in table below.
The state has not promulgated separate Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Table 3.3
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Area Pollutant Concentration, g/m3
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Industrial, Residential & Rural and Other Areas
100 60 80 80
Sensitive Areas 100 60 20 30
3.2.2 SOURCE EMISSION STANDARDS
The Stack Emission Standards and Air Quality Standards in various units of the
plant are specified by the Gujarat Pollution Control Board under The Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The emission standards along with
source of air pollution, stack height and diameter, expected pollutants, etc. is given
in Table 2.3 of Chapter 2.
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Table 3.4
SOURCE EMISSION STANDARDS
SR. NO.
SOURCE OF EMISSION TYPE OF EMISSION
PERMISSIBLE LIMIT
1 Stack Attached to Boiler of Cogeneration Power Plant
PM SOx NOx
150 mg / Nm3 100 ppm 50 ppm
2 DG Set 2500 KVA (to be used only during Emergency purpose)
PM SOx NOx
150 mg / Nm3 100 ppm 50 ppm
3.2.3 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (AAQ)
The collection of base line information for air environment includes identification of
specific air pollutants expected to be released into the atmosphere and have
significant impact on neighbourhood due to the proposed project of M/s. NRAIL.
Since imported coal will be used as fuel in the Co-generation Captive Power Plant,
an Electrostatic Precipitator is proposed to be installed to control the Particulate
emissions. Moreover, the Coal Handling System will have Bag Filters to control the
Particulate emissions. Over and above the Air Pollution Control Equipments, water
will be sprinkled on the coal and ash to prevent dusting. Looking to the measures
opted by the project proponent, the Ambient Air Quality will not be affected to a
great extent. The company shall regularly monitor the background ambient air
quality for PM, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx).
Ambient Air Quality status with respect to the identified air pollutants across the
study area of 10 km was studied by monitoring the ambient air quality. The
monitoring has been done for – Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5), Particulate Matter 10
(PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and VOC as Iso -
Butylene at six (6) sampling locations, located in different directions and situated
within the suspected impact zone, around the plant. The stations were set up
based on the metrological data available for the area including the wind pattern.
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The stations were spread in all directions and one station at the site, as per the
MoEF guidelines.
3.2.4 THE LOCATION OF AAQ STATIONS
The locations of Ambient Air Quality monitoring stations were based on the
following considerations:
Predominant Wind Speed and Wind Direction with respect to air pollution
sources from the project site.
Location of sensitive receptors and industrial establishments.
Availability of infrastructure facilities like electricity, approach, safety of
Equipment etc.
In all monitoring has been done at six sampling stations located in different
directions and situated within the study area around the plant.
Table 3.5
DISTANCE AND DIRECTION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
STATIONS
SR. NO.
NAME OF VILLAGE DIRECTION W.R.T.
PROJECT SITE
APPROXIMATE RADIAL DISTANCE FROM
PROJECT SITE (Km) 1 Project site --- --- 2 Jamburi N 6 3 Manda SW 6.5 4 Bhilad SW 4 5 Kalai NW 7 6 Eklahre NE 5
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Figure: 3.2 Maps Showing the Study Area
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3.2.5 SAMPLE ANALYSIS
The sampling and testing of ambient air quality parameters were carried out as per
the methods prescribed under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards – 2009.
3.2.6 BASE LINE DATA
At every sampling station, important parameters viz. Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5),
Particulate Matter 10 (PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
and VOC as Iso - Butylene were monitored. The results are depicted in the Table
3.6 below:
TABLE 3.6: AMBIENT AIR MONITORING RESULTS
1. Cumulative 98 Percentile values
No. Parameter Maximum 98 Percentile value, µg / m3
Permissible Limits, µg / m3 #
1 PM2.5 57.92 60.00
2 PM10 83.52 100.00
3 SO2 28.52 80.00
4 NOx 26.26 80.00
Note: # Permissible Limits as per National Ambient Air Quality Standards
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2. Comparison of 98 Percentile Values at Various Locations with the NAAQS
No. Location Duration 98 Percentile Concentration, µg/m3 PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx
1. Project Site 24 hours 52.00 83.52 25.26 24.00
2. Jamburi 24 hours 33.52 55.04 20.26 22.26
3. Manda 24 hours 57.92 55.26 17.26 18.26
4. Bhilad 24 hours 49.26 81.78 28.52 26.26
5. Kalai 24 hours 33.26 53.04 17.26 22.52
6. Eklahre 24 hours 33.48 54.72 24.48 21.24
NAAQS 60.00 100.00 80.00 80.00
3. Volatile Organic Compounds at Various Locations
No. Location VOC Concentration (as Iso - Butylene), ppm
1. Project Site 1.0
2. Jamburi 0.7
3. Manda 0.6
4. Bhilad 1.3
5. Kalai 0.5
6. Eklahre 0.8
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Figure 3.3: Graphical Presentation of Ambient Air Monitoring Results
Legends:
Series 1: Represents the Maximum 98 percentile value at Project site.
Series 2: Represents the Permissible limits as per NAAQS
1) Represents the Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration
2) Represents the Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) concentration
3) Represents the Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) concentration
4) Represents the Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx) concentration.
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3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Water is the most vital resource for all kinds of life. It should not only be
available in sufficient quantity but should be of good quality as well.
Defilement of water, as a result of human activities, industrial activities and
consequent pollution of water, causes deterioration of the environment.
The proposed project area has a hilly terrain towards northeast and east
where it is surrounded by Sahyadri Mountains. The terrain is intercepted by
river Damanganga.
In the study area, the main source of water is River water viz. Darotha, which
is a tributary of Daman Ganga. The companies in the GIDC estate get
supply from GIDC Water supply system.
3.3.1 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
There will not be any effluent discharge from the project as it is a Zero
Discharge unit. It will be recycling the treated effluent.
3.3.2 BASELINE DATA
The quality of ground water and surface water resources around the site was
assessed. Suitable sampling points were selected and physico-chemical
parameters of the water samples were monitored to establish the baseline
status of water quality around the plant site.
The sampling locations were 5 to 10 km within the radius of the plant. The
analysis results of ground water quality at each sampling location have been
depicted in Table 3.7 and surface water in Table 3.8.
Physico-chemical parameters have been used for assessing the base line
quality of water environment and identification of impacts due to the
proposed project.
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TABLE 3.7: CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND WATER IN THE STUDY AREA
Parameters Jamburi Manda Bhilad Date of Sampling 02-03-2011 02-03-2011 02-03-2011 pH 7.82 7.28 7.64 SS, mg / l 10 20 12 TDS, mg / l 440 680 556 Calcium (as Ca++), mg / l 38.10 85.60 90 Magnesium ( as Mg++), mg / l 21.20 31.40 12.80 Sodium (as Na), mg / l 53.50 89 72 Potassium (as K), mg / l 15.60 16 18.40 Chlorides (as Cl), mg / l 121.90 172.80 142.30 Sulphates (as SO4), mg / l 10.80 40.30 38 Total Alkalinity, mg / l 180 280 210 Total Hardness, mg / l 157 187 148 Calcium Hardness, mg / l 134 153 156 Iron (as Fe), mg / l 2.40 20.1 14.30 Zinc (as Zn), mg / l 3.18 5.30 4.20 Copper (as Cu), mg / l 0.40 0.10 0.50 Lead (as Pb), mg / l BDL BDL BDL Total Chromium, mg / l 0.10 0.06 0.05 Phenolic Compounds, mg / l BDL BDL BDL Sulphides, mg / l BDL BDL BDL Fluorides, mg / l 0.80 1.20 0.60 Ammonia Nitrogen, mg / l 1.50 4.80 1.90 Nitrates (as NO3), mg / l 0.30 0.60 0.36 Total Phosphates, mg / l 1.60 0.30 1.80 Turbidity, NTU BDL BDL BDL DO, mg / l 2.10 2.80 3.20 COD, mg / l 12 20 18 BOD (3 days, 27 oC), mg / l 1 3 3 Oil & Grease, mg / l BDL BDL BDL
Note: BDL is Below Detectable Limits. Source: Sampling and Analysis carried out by Anand Consultants, Ahmedabad
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TABLE 3.7: CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND WATER IN THE STUDY AREA (CONTINUED)
Parameters Eklahre Kalai
(Ground Water) (Ground Water) Date of Sampling 03-03-2011 03-03-2011 pH 8.10 7.36 SS, mg / l 10 14 TDS, mg / l 350 518 Calcium (as Ca++), mg / l 63.70 46.20 Magnesium ( as Mg++), mg / l 26.60 41.80 Sodium (as Na), mg / l 62 56.80 Potassium (as K), mg / l 10.60 14.20 Chlorides (as Cl), mg / l 110 98 Sulphates (as SO4), mg / l 26 38 Total Alkalinity, mg / l 160 290 Total Hardness, mg / l 146 167 Calcium Hardness, mg / l 128 132 Iron (as Fe), mg / l 6.80 4.80 Zinc (as Zn), mg / l 3.64 3.20 Copper (as Cu), mg / l 0.30 0.60 Lead (as Pb), mg / l BDL BDL Total Chromium, mg / l 0.18 0.10 Phenolic Compounds, mg / l BDL BDL Sulphides, mg / l BDL BDL Fluorides, mg / l 0.40 0.30 Ammonia Nitrogen, mg / l 2.80 3.60 Nitrates (as NO3), mg / l 0.28 0.41 Total Phosphates, mg / l 0.62 0.20 Turbidity, NTU BDL BDL DO, mg / l 1.80 2.60 COD, mg / l 16 12 BOD (3 days, 27 oC), mg / l 2 1 Oil & Grease, mg / l BDL BDL
Note: BDL is Below Detectable Limits. Source: Sampling and Analysis carried out by Anand Consultants, Ahmedabad
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TABLE 3.8: CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE WATER IN THE STUDY AREA (CONTINUED)
Parameters Daman Ganga Nagam Pond Date of Sampling 05-03-2011 05-03-2011 pH 7.42 7.22 SS, mg / l 16 10 TDS, mg / l 360 390 Calcium (as Ca++), mg / l 46.20 48.60 Magnesium ( as Mg++), mg / l 12.60 14 Sodium (as Na), mg / l 48.20 46 Potassium (as K), mg / l 11.80 12.50 Chlorides (as Cl), mg / l 82 88 Sulphates (as SO4), mg / l 24 29 Total Alkalinity, mg / l 134 152 Total Hardness, mg / l 136 156 Calcium Hardness, mg / l 110 1322.20 Iron (as Fe), mg / l 2.20 2.60 Zinc (as Zn), mg / l 2.60 3.30 Copper (as Cu), mg / l 0.10 0.20 Lead (as Pb), mg / l BDL BDL Total Chromium, mg / l 0.14 0.06 Phenolic Compounds, mg / l BDL BDL Sulphides, mg / l BDL BDL Fluorides, mg / l BDL BDL Ammonia Nitrogen, mg / l 1.16 2.05 Nitrates (as NO3), mg / l 0.21 0.30 Total Phosphates, mg / l 0.20 0.14 Turbidity, NTU BDL BDL DO, mg / l 7.40 6.80 COD, mg / l 14 18 BOD (3 days, 27 oC), mg / l 2 3 Oil & Grease, mg / l BDL BDL
Note: BDL is Below Detectable Limits. Source: Sampling and Analysis carried out by Anand Consultants, Ahmedabad
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Figure 3.4: Location of Sampling Points (Water)
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3.4 NOISE EMVIRONMENT
Noise, often defined as unwanted sound, interferes with speech
communication, causes annoyance, distracts from work, and disturbs sleep
thus deteriorating quality of human environment. Noise levels in the study
area have therefore been measured, at selected points, to provide the
baseline data to describe the existing situation. The noise levels were
measured at the site and some human settlements. Sound levels were
measured with the help of noise meter. Typical ambient Noise levels in the
study area are given in Table 3.9 and in the vicinity of the GIDC are given in
Table 3.10
TABLE 3.9: AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA
STATION LOCATION Day Time, dB(A) Night Time, dB(A) A Plant Site 55 – 66 48 – 53 B Bhilad 53 – 58 46 – 52 C Jamburi 40 – 44 33 – 39 D Kalai 38 – 43 33 – 38 E Manda 44 – 50 41 – 44 F Eklahre 42 – 46 37 – 41
TABLE 3.19: AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL IN THE VICINITY OF GIDC AREA
STATION LOCATION 10 m from the Edge of
Road, dB(A) 20 m from the Edge of
Road, dB(A) Day Time Night Time Day Time Night Time
A Nr. Sarigam Chowky 57.4 51.9 45.9 42.0 B Nr. Fansa Chowky 52.0 46.2 41.3 38.4 C Nr. Angam Chowky 53.0 48.1 42.1 37.9
D Nr. VAL Organics Pvt. Ltd. 56.2 60.4 46.8 41.7
E Nr. Rashtriya Metals 58.2 49.5 48.3 42.8 F Nr. G. M. Knitting 61.8 51.7 52.4 46.8
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The present levels of noise at the site are observed to vary from 40 to 58 dB
(A), which are the typical of noise levels in the agricultural fields.
In the villages surveyed, the noise levels followed cyclical pattern, changing
from 33 to 53 dB (A) in the night to 40 to 58 dB (A) in the morning and
evening and around 50 dB (A) in the noon.
The National Noise Quality criteria published by the Department of
Environment, Government of India vide their circular dated, December 26,
1989 are presented in Table 3.11 below:
TABLE 3.11
NATIONAL NOISE QUALITY CRITERIA
Area Code Category of Area
Limits dB(A) Day Time
Leq.* dB(A) Night Time
A Industrial 75 70 B Commercial 65 55 C Residential 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40
*Leq. = Equivalent Sound Pressure Level
Day Time = 6:00 am to 9:00 pm
Night Time = 9:00 pm to 6:00 am
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Figure 3.5: Location of Sampling Points (Noise)
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3.5 SOIL ENVIRONMENT
3.5.1 Topography
The overall project site is located on plain barren land devoid of any
permanent and economically useful vegetation. The proposed project is to be
located in a Non – Agricultural Land in the vicinity of the Industrial Zone of
GIDC Sarigam, District: Valsad.
3.5.2 Soil
The soil quality of an area has a direct / indirect effect on the plants and
animals of that particular area. Any industrial activity is accompanied by
release of gaseous and liquid pollutants and disposal of solid wastes, which
may have adverse impacts on the characteristics of soil, which in turn may
affect the plant and animal lives.
Six composite soil samples were collected from plant site at a depth around
1m. Samples were collected with help of Auger sampler. The results are
given in the form of physical characteristics and chemical characteristics in
Table 3.12.
The beneficial or harmful effects of using effluent for irrigating crops depends
on complex physical, chemical and biological interactions between the
effluent, the soil / subsoil complex, the groundwater and the crops being
grown. There is no provision for using the treated effluent for the agriculture
purposes, but it will recycled for process use i.e. the proposed project will
have a zero discharge.
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TABLE 3.12: CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL IN STUDY AREA
Parameters Project Site Jamburi Manda Date of Sampling 02-03-2011 02-03-2011 02-03-2011 pH 8.36 6.88 7.16 Sodium, mg / kg 4260 3852 4654 Potassium, mg / kg 2688 1960 2318 Copper, mg / kg 12.80 8.40 16.40 Zinc, mg / kg 8.40 14.0 19.00 Lead, mg / kg BDL BDL BDL Iron, mg / kg 19 31 39 Calcium Hardness, mg / kg 374 232 152 Magnesium, mg / kg 272 198 160 Chlorides, mg / kg 126 162 158 Water Holding Capacity, % 48.60 46.50 52.10 Porosity, % 49.80 48.32 51.80 Phosphates, mg / kg 20 20 23 Total Organic Carbon, % 0.43 0.49 0.64 Bulk Density, g / ml 1.20 1.14 1.18 Total Hardness, mg / kg 1375 1150 1030 Alkalinity, mg / kg 794 728 880 Organic Matter, % 0.84 0.75 0.84 Nitrate, mg/ kg 32 30 42 Sulphate, mg / kg 18 23 24 Particle Size Distribution Gravel, % 0 0 0 Coarse Sand, % 4 0 2 Medium Sand, % 6 4 5 Fine Sand, % 12 5 9 Silt, % 58 56 60 Clay, % 11 16 13 Specific Gravity 2.54 2.61 2.60
Note: BDL is Below Detectable Limits. Source: Sampling and Analysis carried out by Anand Consultants, Ahmedabad
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TABLE 3.12: CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL IN THE STUDY AREA (CONTD.)
Parameters Bhilad Kalai Eklahre Date of Sampling 02-03-2011 03-03-2011 03-03-2011 pH 7.76 7.50 8.04 Sodium, mg / kg 5918 4580 4090 Potassium, mg / kg 2452 2294 2176 Copper, mg / kg 22.30 14.70 9.30 Zinc, mg / kg 26 22 6.1 Lead, mg / kg BDL BDL BDL Iron, mg / kg 44 28 12 Calcium Hardness, mg / kg 312 172 360 Magnesium, mg / kg 206 154 257 Chlorides, mg / kg 190 162 118 Water Holding Capacity, % 47.90 50.80 44.90 Porosity, % 50.10 49.60 50.20 Phosphates, mg / kg 29 20 18 Total Organic Carbon, % 0.70 0.52 0.40 Bulk Density, g / ml 1.24 1.28 1.32 Total Hardness, mg / kg 1460 1090 1260 Alkalinity, mg / kg 1180 790 688 Organic Matter, % 0.98 0.77 0.79 Nitrate, mg/ kg 52 38 28 Sulphate, mg / kg 34 20 16 Particle Size Distribution Gravel, % 0 0 0 Coarse Sand, % 2 4 0 Medium Sand, % 6 6 4 Fine Sand, % 8 10 8 Silt, % 64 56 60 Clay, % 14 10 9 Specific Gravity 2.72 2.51 2.43
Note: BDL is Below Detectable Limits. Source: Sampling and Analysis carried out by Anand Consultants, Ahmedabad
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Figure 3.6: Location of Sampling Points (Soil)
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3.6 LAND USE PATTERN
3.6.1 Introduction
The studies on the land use evaluate the real time status about the land use and land cover of any area by using visual image interpretation technique of remote sensing with special reference to assessment of probable impact of proposed activities. Land comprises of the physical environment including the climate, physiography, relief, soils, hydrology and vegetation to the extent it influences the potential land use. It also include the past and present human activities e.g. reclamation from the sea, clearance of vegetation for industries, habitation rain fed or irrigated agriculture, recreation, etc. and present status in term of their degradation. On the other hand, the land cover indicates the natural vegetation e.g. forest and grass land / identification and surveillance of land uses and vegetation cover together with network of water bodies rivers, nadi, nallahs, canals, tanks, reservoirs, human habitation places of archeological importance etc. are the important components of this environment impact assessment accomplished though this land use study. The land use / land cover mapping of 10 km radius area encompassing the proposed project site of M/s. N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd., in the vicinity of GIDC : Sarigam, Gujarat was taken up by using visual image interpretation of recent satellite data of January, 2011.
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Figure 3.7: Land Use Pattern of the Study Area
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3.6.2 General Characteristics of the Study Area
This includes geographical location and extent, road and rail transport, about towns and industrial estate, important village within inner core and outer area.
3.6.2.1 Location & Extent
The study area for land use lie between 20” 13’ N to 20” 23’ N Latitude and 72” 46’ E to 72” 57’ E Longitude. Administratively, the study area comes under the Taluka : Umbergam of District : Valsad in Gujarat state and some western part comes under Daman Union Territory. GIDC is centrally located in the both sides of National Highway No. 8 connecting Mumbai and Ahmedabad and is surrounding by Union territories of Daman in western side and Dadra & Nagar Haveli on eastern side. The Western Railway Main Line is passing through the area (Double & Electrified). Vapi is the biggest railway station in the study area; where, almost all the important mail & express trains stop. Entire study area is well connected with the other major cities of the state and the country. Beside the rail connectivity, the study area is also well connected by road transport. There is a good network of roads in the area and contributes for the development and economic growth of the area. The National Highway No. 8 (Surat – Mumbai) is now eight lanes, double tracked, more elevated and jam free highway. This highway is a distinctive feature of the satellite imagery and updated spatial feature. This highway has given a further boost to the economic growth of this area.
The other major road in the study area is State Highway No. 185 (Daman – Vapi – Silvassa Road) which is crossing the National Highway No. 8 in Vapi Town at right angle. Almost every village is now well connected to each other by a tarred and surfaced road. Many arterial roads from the industrial town are mapped. The overall road density seems to be quite intense and impressive.
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Table 3.13 IMPORTANT VILLAGES IN THE CORE AND OUTER AREA OF STUDY AREA
CORE AREA (GIDC Periphery) OUTER AREA Sarigam Manda Vankas
Angam Jamburi Malav
Punat Pali Nandigam
Bhilad Mohan Dhanoli
Bhathi Karambeli Pali Karambeli Daheli
Eklahare Kalai Zaroli
Fanam Nagwas
Eligam Boralai
Maroli Borigam
Mamakwada Achchhari
Manekpure Valwada
Sarai Chanod
Khatalilwada
3.6.2.2 Agro – climate
The study area forms part of the Agro – climatic zone “a” designated as “South Gujarat Heavy Rainfall Zone” comprising Valsad, Dang, etc. It receives intensive rains of over 1500 mm and at times touches 2000 mm per annum. July and August are the wettest of all the months. According to National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur, the study area forms a part of humid to per humid ecosystem with red lateritic soils – having a growth period of (GP) 210 and more days. This zone “19” is abbreviated “E2BA5” on the Agro – Ecological Region Map. The study area has red lateritic type of soil on basaltic hills but alluvium is blackish clayey derived from basalt.
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3.6.2.3 Physiography, Relief, Drainage and soils Topographically area is having both hilly as well as flat terrain. The major rock
types are Deccan Basalt and Quaternary alluvium. The nature of Deccan
basalt is jointed and highly fractured. The sediments of Quaternary alluvium
are silty sand, clayey silt, fine sand with kanker and gravels. Nature of
aquifers of Deccan basalt is un-confined, while aquifers of Quaternary
alluvium are both confined and un-confined.
The area consists predominantly of basaltic flows intruded, profusely by the
basic rocks. Basaltic lavas with ‘Pahohoe’ and ‘Aa’ volcanic characters form
‘compound’ and ‘simple’ flows. Some of the flows carry giant phenocrysts of
Plagioclase. Dacite flows are exposed near Anklas. The basic dykes are
basaltic to doleritic in nature and trend in N-S to WNW-ESE directions.
Compositionally, these are similar to the lava types, viz., normal tholeiite,
olivine tholeiite, picrite basalt and ‘Giant phenocryst’ basalt. Basaltic sill and
plug are present around Kaprada and Pangarbari, respectively.
A granophre dyke is present to the north of Sidumbar. Holocene sediments
are found along the coastal parts of the district and include flood plain
deposits of Katpur formation, older tidal flat deposits of Rann Clay formation,
coastal dunes of Akhaj formation and younger tidal flat (spit/bar and shoal)
deposits of Mahuva formation.
The study area comprises of Deccan basalt overlain by alluvium.
Formation Age Lithology
Deccan Basalt Upper Cretaceous to Eocene Basalt Rock
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Prominent rivers of the district are the Purna, the Ambika, the Kaveri, the
Kherer, the Auranga, the Par, the Damanganga and the Kolak Nadi,
debouching in the Arabian Sea. The drainage pattern resembles dendritic
type. Figure 3.8 shows the drainage map of the study area.
Sr. No. River Flow Direction
1 Kalu SE-NW
2 Daman Ganga SE-NW
Figure 3.8: Flow Pattern of Rivers in the Study Area
Source: Geological Survey of India, 2002
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3.6.2.4 Geomorphology Valsad is the southernmost district of the Gujarat state. It is bounded in the
south by Maharashtra state; in the East by the Union territories of Dadra and
Nagar Haveli and Maharashtra state; in the west by the Arabian Sea and
Union territory of Daman and in the north by Navsari district. The district can
be divided into three geographic units:
(1) Hilly area (in the east),
(2) Alluvial Plain and
(3) Coastal Zone
Figure 3.9: Geomorphological Map of Valsad District
Source: Geological Survey of India, 2002
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3.6.2.5 Agriculture It is an agrarian ecosystem with potential impact of industrialization. It is also reflected in prepared land use / land cover map showing 68% area under agriculture while the built up area is quite high of 22%. The double-cropped area is quite high in agriculture; while, second highest are the mango plantation mixed with agriculture. Shallow hilly soils grow Negli (Ragi eleusine coracana), Kodra-Paspalum scrobiculatum), Banti (Echinochlo-stagnina), Wari (Panicum miliare) and Chino (Panicum millirea). Rice is the major crop. Other important crops are sorghum, groundnut tur, other pulses, and cotton. Fruit crops like banana, mango coconut, sapota and sugarcane are common.
3.6.2.6 Natural Vegetation According to Champion and Seth (1968), the study area falls under the “Tropical dry (mixed) deciduous forest”. There is a notional patch of reserve forest, however some scrub forest is seen in pockets. Some of the common trees found in this area are Mango, Chiku, Casuarinas equisetifolia, Eucalyptus hybrid, Paltophorum pterocarpum, Thuja occidentals, Acacias spp. Azadirachta indica, Gliricidia sepium.
Some of the common grasses found in this area are Dicanthium annulatmm, Vitevera, Cenchrus clitoris, etc.
3.6.2.7 Land use and Agriculture The landuse pattern of the study area was estimated using remote sensing
technique. Remotely sensed data and census records were obtained and
studied.
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Table : 3.14
IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT LAND USE / LAND COVER CLASSES
Sr. No.
Mapping Unit
Brief Description
Image Characteristics
1 Built-up area 1.1 Residential Light Bluish with very faint White Brownish mottles Reddish pixels are of avenue trees.
1.2 Industrial
Smooth, Blue, Blackish, Reddish tone good street network regular shape
1.3 Recreational, Parks / Green belts, etc.
Smooth Red, regular shape within city area
1.4 Vacant Under Developed
Smooth Whitish Brownish. Regular pattern
2.0 Villages Deep Blue, irregular pattern surrounded by agriculture lands and small thick bodies, connected by roads with other villages
2 Agriculture 5 Double Cropped Land
Smooth, Red mixed with small vacant parcels of Greenish Brownish and Whitish trees.
6 Fallow Land Whitish Grey parcels within smooth regular Red agriculture land.
7 Plantations & Agriculture Mixed
Dark Brownish Red, Violet smooth & regular.
3 Forest 10 Dense forest Dark Reddish Brownish, smooth 13 Scrub Land Brownish / Light, Mottled, Pinkish 14 Forest Plantation Dark, Reddish Brownish, smooth, regular 4 Waste Land 17 Thick Logged Dark, Blackish Red, irregular 19 Gullied Lands Light Bluish 22 Sand Whitish or Blackish 24 Stony / Rocky Bluish & Blackish irregular 5 Thick Bodies 25 Tank / Pond Dark, Black with Reddish tinge of
phytoplankton’s (Thick loving Plant) 6 Others 27 Grass Land Light Brownish, smooth.
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3.6.3 Description of Land
The land use / land cover classes identified in the study area are described
here in below:
(1) Built up land
Built up land comprises of developed areas like building, industrial
structures, transportation network, etc. The physical size or built up
sprawl with transport network can be surrogate to classify a settlement as
urban or rural. Often built up land with high density of buildings etc.
appear in dark tone at the center and lighter on the peripheries, because
of being less dense and less developed. The pattern is contagious to
non contiguous (punctured by vacant land and vegetation), clustered or
scattered. It occurs on all types of terrain amidst agricultural lands,
forests, waste lands, in association with road, rail and canal network and
other artifacts. Built up lands appear distinctly amidst croplands of Kharif
and Rabi seasons. During summer months (April to June) the spectral
response of built up land with that of the background makes its
identification difficult in certain types of terrain. However, the summer
imagery is useful to delineate transport routes and a few settlement
nodes.
Rail routes appear narrow in width, linear (with few obtuse lands) than
roads, which show more intersections and connectivity with settlements.
Both occur on variety of terrain, across rivers connecting built up lands.
The imagery from October to March is ideal for delineating built up land
and transport network.
(2) Agricultural Land (Crop Land)
The tonal contrast of crop land signifies greenness of the foliage at
different stages of crop growth, phonological condition (healthy or
infected) besides the nature of soil (moist or dry), types of terrain etc.
The spatial extent varies in size and shape, with smooth texture (where
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the crop is in full matured stage) to coarse or mottled (at early stage of
planting and growth). It is contiguous under irrigated (canal, tank, well
etc.) areas and non contiguous in unirrigated or rain-fed dry lands. Very
often contiguity of crop lands is punctured by harvested fields or fallow
lands. Crop lands occur on a variety of terrain, often in association with
the terrain patterns as observed in river plains, valleys, coastal low land
etc. Cropping season and cropping pattern (single, double or mixed) vary
with season, terrain conditions, farming and tenural systems, occurrence
and distribution of rainfall, etc. Kharif cropping season commences from
June till September and Rabi season from October till March or early
April.
Fallow Land
It appears light in tone in coastal soils and dark in tone in alluvial black
cotton soils and soils rich in clay. In irrigated lands, fallow lands appear
small in size often with regular field boundaries and non contiguous in
un-irrigated or dry (farming) lands. They appear large in size, contiguous
and with limited patches of cropland. Regular openings amidst cropland
also suggest occurrence of fallow lands. The texture is medium to
coarse due to surface irregularities and absence of vegetation cover.
Orchards and plantations
These appear small in size with regular shapes and sharp and smooth
edges. The difference in tone may signify different types of plantation
and orchards or same plantations and orchards in different stages or
growth or foliage cover or due to season.
(3) Forest Land
In the study area mixed type and moist deciduous types of forest with
varying canopy density have been identified. It is observed as dark red
to red in tone (during maximum greenness period) except during the
month of leaf fall in dry season / autumn when the tonal changes occur.
Their aerial spread is contiguous and non-contiguous, due to
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degradation or clearings. They vary in size with irregular and
discontinuous boundaries and smooth texture wherever the canopy
cover is uniform.
(4) Waste Land
Mudflat with vegetation
It appears small in size with irregular and discontinuous shapes, smooth
to medium in texture and contiguous to linear. It occurs in coastal
estuaries, tidal creeks / lagoons, near delta on coasts mudflats in
association with saline water, rich in coastal sediments.
Upland with scrub
It appears light to dark in tone subject to the amount of foliage cover and
season. The aerial spread vary in size with irregular and discontinuous
shapes. The coarse to mottled texture is due to thin tree / vegetation
cover and exposure of terrain underneath. It is contiguous in tonal
patterns due to openings, tree failings and agricultural practices.
Upland without scrub
Wherever there is occurrence of scrub on the ground, reddish tint appear
in dots and patches. They vary in size with irregular and discontinuous
shapes, coarse to mottled texture (subject to surface lithology and
vegetation cover on the top), contiguous and dispersed in patches.
Waterlogged land
Waterlogged lands are seen in light to dark blue tone (subject to water
spread and organic matter). They vary in size with irregular and
discontinuous shapes, smooth to mottled texture (due to presence of
aquatic vegetation) dispersed and non contiguous (due to presence of
water and vegetation together). In the study area, they occur in river
plains, coastal low lands, along canals in association and proximity to
flood plains, coastal marshes / swamps, tidal flats, grounds near canal
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with water seepage. Waterlogged areas under aquatic vegetation
appear similar to paddy fields (extensive in the study area) in tone.
Marshy / Swamps (mud flats)
These areas occur as tidal mud flats, plain with silt deposits brought by
rivers and deposited as mud flats, creating marshes and swamps.
(5) Water bodies
River / stream
River streams appear in long and narrow to wide in size with irregular
and sinuous shape, smooth to medium in texture contiguous, non-linear
to dendritic / sub dendritic in pattern. It occurs as natural rivers / streams
(perennial to non-perennial) in association with all types of terrain and
shapes.
Tank / Canals
These water bodies appear in light blue to dark blue tone (subject to
shallow surface water spread, volume of water, turbidity etc.). The
presence of weed / vegetation contributes to patches of red tone amidst
them. They are small / medium to large with regular to irregular shapes,
smooth to mottled in texture, non contiguous and dispersal in pattern.
Canals show a linear pattern. They are associated with agricultural
lands, dam sites, built up areas, as a source of irrigation, drinking water
and water supply for industry.
(6) Other
Grassland / Grazing land
They vary in size with irregular shapes, coarse to mottled texture (subject
to amount of vegetation) contiguous to non-contiguous in pattern.
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The detail description of each land use category in terms of their defilation, image characteristics are given below: Land Use Legend Description Built up Area This comprises developed area like building, industrial structures and transportation network. This can be classified as urban settlement i.e. towns / city under mapping unit - 1(MU-I) or rural (MU-2). The MU-1 is further subdivided into following sub units: - 1.1 Residential 1.2 Industrial 1.3 Recreational 1.4 Open Vacant (under developed) The MU-1 is identifiable on the imagery by Bluish Grey with Whitish mottles
of varying regular and irregular patterns mixed with or without avenue trees.
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Table : 3.15
DIFFERENT LAND USE CATEGORIES
LAND USE CATEGORY Level I Level II
Category Name Area (km2)
% Sub Category Name Area (km2)
%
1 Built up Area 34.1 22.15 Town /Cities 1.1 Residential 1.2 Industrial 1.3 Recreational 1.4 Vacant 2.0 Villages
8.3 19.1 0.4 4.5 1.8
5.39 12.41 0.26 2.92 1.17
Sub Total 34.1 22.15 Sub Total 34.1 22.15 2 Agriculture 106.0 68.87 5 Double Crop 64.0 41.58 6 Fallow Lands 16.5 10.72 7 Agriculture +
Plantations 25.5 16.57
Sub Total 106.0 68.87 Sub Total 106.0 68.87 3 Forest 0.6 0.38 10 Dense
12 Scrub Lands 14 Plantation
0.3 0.2 0.1
0.19 0.13 0.6
Sub Total 0.6 0.38 4 Waste Lands 11.7 7.63 17 Seasonally thick
logged 19 Gullied 21 Undulating
upland without scrub
22 River (Sand) 24 Stony/Rocky
0.3 0.7 10.1 0.2 0.4
0.19 0.45 6.60 0.13 0.26
Sub Total 11.7 7.63 Sub Total 11.7 7.63 5 Thick Bodies 0.5 0.32 Ponds /Tank 0.5 0.32 Sub Total 0.5 0.32 Sub Total 0.5 0.32 6 Others 1.0 0.65 Grass land 1.0 0.65 Sub Total 1.0 0.65 Sub Total 1.0 0.65 Grand Total 153.9 100.0 Grand Total 153.9 100.0
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3.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Biological Environment includes the study of the relationships of organisms or
groups of organisms to their environment. Ecology in essence is the study of
the abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) components, interaction of
community and the environment and exchange of material (energy and
nutrient) between living and non-living parts. A community includes all
organisms in the given area interacting with the abiotic environment.
3.7.1 Flora
The tree species found in the study area as well as in the mixed forest area
are presented below :
FLORA IN STUDY AREA
Local name Botanical Name
Ashok Polyaltha longfolia Mitho Limbdo Murrya koenigii
Limbdo Azadirrachta indica Saragva Moringa petriygosperma Agashive Sesbania grandiflora
Khakhar Butea forundosa Karanj Pongamia globra Gulmohor Poinciana regia
Vilayti Baval Parkinsonia aculasata Awal Carsia auriculata Amli Tomrindus indica
Khizado Prosopis spicigera Gando baval Prosopis juliflora Siras Albizzria Lebbeck
Jambu Eugania inermis Mehndi Lansonia inermis Karvands Carrisa carandos
Vad Ficus bengalnsis Pipod Ficus religiosa Saru Casuriana equisetifolia Tad Borassus flabelifer
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The crop calendar in the district is revealed below :
No. Crop Month of Sowing Month of Harvesting 1 Paddy Kharif June October - November 2 Paddy Summer February May - June
3 Jowar Kharif June - July October - November 4 Groundnut Kharif June November - December 5 Sugarcane October - January January - April 6 Cotton June November - March 7 Wheat October - December March - April
3.7.2 Fauna
Since the area is devoid of thick vegetation, no significant Wild life habitat is
reported. There is no National Park in the study area. The common species
of fauna found in the study area is shown below :
FAUNA OF THE STUDY AREA
Zoological name Local name A. Invertebrates Hirudinaria granulose Leech Megascolex mauripii Earth worm Palamon maleumsoni Prawn Peripatus sps Peripetes Araneus diadematus The Garden Spider Nereis bumerilii Sand Worm Seolopendra marsidens Millipede Acheta domestica House Cricket Anax janius Dragon Fly Bacillus rossii Grass Hopper Glossina palpalis Fly Myrmecocytus setipes Ant Periplaneta americana Cockroach Anopheles maculipennis Mosquito Apis mellificia Honey Bee
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B. Vertibrates Rana tigrina Frog Calotes berticolar Garden Lizard Hemidactylus sps House Lizard Lycodon aulicus Indian Wolf Snake Python molurus Indian Python Bulbulcus ibis Cattle Egret Colunba livia Pegion Corvus splendews Crows Eqretta qarzetta Little Egret Psittacula karameri Green Parrot Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier Trineja ochropus Green Sand Piper Oriolus oriolus kundoo Golden Oriole Phoenicurus ochruror Black Redstart B. bubalus Buffalo Bus indica Cow Canis famiaris Dog Capra hiscus Goat Funambulus palmarum Squirrel Hanuman langur Monkey Rattus rattles Rat
3.8 SOCIO - ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
This section examines the socioeconomic baseline data within the 10 km
radius study area (including the project site) and the infrastructure available.
Base line data has been collected for all the villages falling within 10 km.
study area from the proposed project site.
Industrialization, in general, has quite an important impact on socio-economic
pattern of the region. Before industrialization, Sarigam was a backward area
and the town was quite small with agriculture as the main source of income.
Gujarat Government established GIDC estate long time ago and gave
excellent benefits to the entrepreneurs who responded by establishing their
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units at Sarigam. The total area of Industrial estates in Sarigam is 395
Hectares.
The result was increased employment opportunities of primary and
secondary nature. Population of Sarigam started increasing and urbanization
began. Local population accepted these changes willingly due to increasing
economic prosperity.
Today, Sarigam is a well-developed industrial town. It has all amenities of a
good city and has cosmopolitan population. It also has a good
communication system.
The following table shows the distance and direction of the villages within 10
km from the proposed project site.
No. Name of Village From the Project Site
Direction Aerial Distance (Km.) 1. Sarigam S 0.8 2 Angam NNE 1 3 Punat NNW 3 4 Bhilad ESE 5 5 Bhathi Karambeli E 5 6 Eklahare NE 4 7 Manda SW 5 8 Jamburi N 6 9 Pali NNW 4.5 10 Moha N 7 11 Pali Karambeli NNW 7.5 12 Kalai NNW 6.5 13 Fanam NW 9 14 Kalgam WNW 9.5 15 Maroli W 10 16 Mamakwada SW 10 17 Manekpure SW 10 18 Sarai SW 8 19 Khatalilwada SSW 9.5
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20 Vankas SSW 9 21 Malav S 8 22 Nandigam SSE 8 23 Dhanoli SE 5.5 24 Daheli S 4.5 25 Zaroli SE 8 26 Nagwas SE 9 27 Boralai E 7 28 Borigam E 9.5 29 Achchhari E 7 30 Valwada ENE 6 31 Chanod ENE 9
Various Socio – economic data pertaining to Valsad District has been
collected from the website www.censusindia.gov.in of the Census – 2011 is
depicted below:
SOCIO ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF DISTRICT: VALSAD
Particulars DISTRICT : VALSAD Population (Census Data – 2011) Person 1703068 Male 884064 Female 819004
Sex Ratio (No. of Females / 1000 Males) 926
Population Density / km2 561
Percentage Decadal Variation in Population (2001 – 2011) 20.74
Age 0 - 6 years (Census Data – 2011) Person 206309
Male 107110
Female 99199
Literacy (Census Data – 2011) Person 1211437
Male 671901
Female 539536
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To define Socio-economic scenario base line data for the following has been
collected.
(a) Economic Structure
(b) Demographic Structure
(c) Availability of Basic Amenities
3.8.1 Economic Structure
In villages, agriculture dominates the economic pattern in the study area. The
main occupation and also the main source of income of the majority of the
households in the area is agriculture and related activities. In Valsad District, the
main occupations are manufacturing, processing and repairs and related activities
followed by activities related to trade and commerce. Out of a total of 1410553
population (Census Data – 2001) in the study area, the percentage of Main
Total Workers (Census Data – 2001) Total Workers 650257
Male 215039
Female 25627
Main Workers (Census Data – 2001) Main Workers 503333
Male 210191 Female 19698 Marginal Workers (Census Data – 2001) Marginal Workers 146924 Male Female 5929 Non Workers (Census Data – 2001) Non Workers 790296
Male 124937
Female 219957
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Workers and Total Non Workers are 35.68 % and 56.03 % (Census Data – 2001)
respectively.
3.8.2 Demographic Structure
The demographic structure of villages of the study area has been studied. The
total population of the study area is 281629 with a population density of about
9.01 Persons / Hectare. The details of population have been collected from the
website www.censusindia.gov.in for the Census – 2001 data.
3.8.3 Availability of Basic Amenities
A review of the basic amenities is described in following paragraphs.
Almost all villages have a Primary School.
In the study area drinking water facilities are good, well and tap water is available
in most of the villages. People use Tube Well Water where surface water is not
available. If River or Canal water is available, it is the preferred source of water.
Post Office facilities are available in all villages. Telephone facilities are available
in all villages.
All villages are well connected through a network of roads. Bus is the main mode
of transport.
Electricity is available in almost all the villages in the study area.
3.9 AESTHETICS
3.9.1 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
As the site is located adjacent to the industrial area, there are not many factors
contributing towards aesthetics. In spite of this, M/s. NRAIL shall develop a green
belt area within the factory premises, in the limited space. The unit has proposed
to develop 49.04 acres of area as a green belt out of total plot area. In addition to
this, majority of the vacant land shall be planted with trees and grasses.
Any construction or any project is likely to destroy certain aesthetic values; while
at the same time may create new ones. The prime objective is to select where a
balanced exchange of these values can be achieved, without destroying any
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important & highly prized natural features of the environment. With this idea in
mind, company will develop a green belt within the factory premises not only to
give the aesthetic looks but also to restore the ecology.
The main objectives of green belt development by the company are:
Mitigation of fugitive gaseous emission
Noise abatement
Waste water reuse to maximum possible extent
Ecological restoration
Soil erosion prevention
Improvement in aesthetic environment.
CCHHAAPPTTEERR –– 44 EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL
IIMMPPAACCTT IIDDEENNTTIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN
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CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IDENTIFICATION
4.0 INTRODUCTION
The major element involved in the process of Environmental Impact Assessment is
the identification of impacts as it forms the basis for quantification and evaluation of
impacts. In this section, the impacts on the environment, either beneficial or
deleterious due to the proposed project have been identified. The aspects of the
environment, which are likely to be disturbed or damaged due to the proposed
project represented as parameters.
A number of techniques are available for identification of impacts. In the present
case, “Matrix Method” is adopted. It involves an understanding of cause – condition
– effect relationship between an activity and environmental parameters for
identification of impacts.
The project activities described earlier in Chapter 2 of this report have been taken
into consideration for generation of cause – condition - effect relationship i.e. chain
of events, in recognizing the series of impacts that would be triggered by the
proposed project.
The identified impacts for various components of environment viz., air, noise, water,
land, socio-economy, etc. are presented herewith. EIA is an activity or an attempt to
identify, predict, evaluate and communicate the likely environmental impacts of the
proposed activity/project on the environment.
4.1 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION FOR THE PROJECT
Considering that the identification of the potentially significant environmental impact
is essential in the preparation of EIA, an attempt has been made here through the
use of an “Activity -Effect” Matrix.
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4.1.1 Identification Matrix
The impact identification matrix is shown in Table 4.1. For simplicity the entire
project has been divided into two phases.
1. Construction
2. Operation
Various activities belonging to each phase have been grouped separately and
arranged in rows. The environmental factors, which are anticipated, to be impacted
have been arranged in columns. A preliminary scrutiny has been done and the cells,
which fall at the junction of the ‘Activity’ and ‘Factor’, that have possible interaction
with each other, have been ‘Crossed’.
The matrix thus establishes the possible ‘cause-effect’ relationship and identifies the
environmental factors likely to be impacted and activities responsible for the same.
The impact identified may be positive and negative. This determination will be done
at prediction stage.
4.1.1.1 Construction Phase
This phase may involve the activities like erection of civil structures, removal of old
construction, equipment and machinery, erection of new equipment and machinery,
green belt development etc.
Air, Noise and Land are likely to be effected by these activities, although Aesthetics
and Socio-economic factors are also identified. But the impacts will be marginal
only. The green belt development will have positive impacts.
4.1.1.2 Operational Phase
This phase of the project is important because it generates long-term impacts due to
the commencement of production. The primary impacts causing likely deterioration
will be in Air, Water, Noise and Land / Soil due to the gaseous emissions, vehicular
movement, discharge of liquid effluent.
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This phase includes following activities:
Raw material storage
Product manufacturing
Product storage
Transportation
Gaseous emission
Effluent discharge
Solid waste generation
Occasional equipment failure / Process upset and related problems
Industrial development
Chemical Hazards
Generation of employment opportunity
Contribution to social welfare
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IDENTIFICATION MATRIX
Activity Raw
Materials Storage Handling
Production Manufacturing
Product Storage and Handling
Transportation of Product and Raw Material
Gaseous Emissions
Liquid Discharge
Solid Waste Generation
Employment
Infra Structure Development
Green Belt Development
Parameter
Air √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Water √ √ √ √ √ √
Noise √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Odor √ √ √
Flora √ √ √
Fauna √ √ √
Soil √ √ √ √
Forest √
Religious /
Historical Places
Population √ √ √ √
Socio-economic √ √ √
Cultural √ √
Health and Safety √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Aesthetics √ √ √ √ √
Table 4.1
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C4-5 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Table 4.2
ASSESSMENT MATRIX
Activity Parameter
Raw Materials Storage Handling
Production Manufacturing
Product Storage and Handling
Transportation of Product and Raw Material
Gaseous Emissions
Liquid Discharge
Solid Waste Generation
Empolyment
Infrastructure Development
Green Belt Development
Air Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) N, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) S, (+ ve)
Water Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) S, (+ ve)
Noise Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) S, (+ ve)
Odor Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) N, (+ ve)
Flora Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) S, (+ ve)
Fauna Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) S, (+ ve)
Soil Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) N, (+ ve)
Forest S, (+ ve)
Religious / Historical
Places
Population Ng, (- ve) N, (+ ve) N, (+ ve) S, (+ ve)
Socio-economic Ng, (- ve) S, (+ ve) N, (+ ve)
Cultural S, (+ ve) N, (+ ve)
Health and Safety N, (- ve) N, (- ve) N, (- ve) No Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) N S, (+ ve)
Aesthetics Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) Ng, (- ve) S, (+ ve)
+ ve - Positive (beneficial) S - Significant Impact
- ve - Negative (adverse) N - Normal Impact
No - No Impact
Ng - Negligible Impact
CCHHAAPPTTEERR –– 55 PPRREEDDIICCTTIIOONN AANNDD AASSSSEESSSSMMEENNTT OOFF
IIMMPPAACCTTSS
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-1 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
CHAPTER 5 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS
5.0 INTRODUCTION
Prediction of impacts is the most important component in the Environment Impact
Assessment studies. This Chapter is devoted to the prediction and assessment of
impacts due to the proposed project. Many scientific techniques and methodologies
are available to predict impacts on physico-ecological and socio-economic
environment. Such predictions are superimposed over the base line (pre-project)
status of the environmental quality to derive the ultimate (post-project)
environmental scenario. The prediction of impacts on environment components
forms the basis for the development of any effective Environmental Management
Plan for implementation during and after the execution of the developmental activity
to minimize the deterioration of environmental quality.
The mathematical models attempt to quantitatively describe the cause - effect
relationships between sources of pollution and different components of the
environment viz. Air, Water, Noise, Land and Socio-economic. Various other
scientific techniques / methodologies are also available to predict the environmental
impacts quantitatively as well as qualitatively for scenarios where mathematical
models are not readily applicable.
Prediction involves determination of the nature and extent of the probable impacts
due to the proposed activities or the actions involved in the project. Here it is
determined, whether the likely environmental impacts are
I) Positive or Negative
II) Long term or Short term
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-2 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Based on Environmental Impact Analysis of the predicted impacts, the
Environmental Impacts are quantitatively and qualitatively assessed.
Quantitative assessment with the help of a mathematical model has been
done wherever possible. In other cases, the impact assessment has been
qualitative which is based on available scientific knowledge and judgement.
The mathematical model used for prediction in the present study includes
“Industrial Source Complex, ISC – Aermod View, dispersion model of Lakes
Environmental Software” for air quality. For other cases i.e. Water, Noise,
Land / Soil, Ecology, Socio-economic environment etc., the available scientific
knowledge and judgements have been used.
5.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The impact has been predicted separately for during construction and during
operational phase of the project.
5.1.1 Prediction of Impact on Air Environment 5.1.1.1 Construction Phase
The impact due to the construction activities will be limited to the period of
construction i.e. short-term impacts only. The air quality will be marginally
affected by the activities such as movement / removal of old equipment and
machinery, erection of new equipment and machinery, vehicular movement,
etc. which are likely to increase the PM10 and PM2.5 levels.
The construction contractor will visually monitor dust levels on the site during
construction. Dust suppression will be instituted, using water tankers mounted
on tractors, sprinklers and other means as necessary, in the event that high
levels of dust are observed, strong winds and dry conditions make dust
generation likely. However since the internal road of plant will be asphalted,
dust emission shall be a minimum. The debris and unutilized construction
material and earth from the construction site shall be removed immediately to
recycle within the project so that no nuisance dust is generated due to wind.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-3 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
It is proposed to have a Green Belt of 5 m. thick plantation along the boundary
of the plot, which will intercept the dispersing particulates. Also the sprinkling
of water is recommended in areas where dust emission is expected within the
plant. Hence dust emission is expected to be minimum.
5.1.1.2 Operation Phase
The operational phase activities are expected to have long-term impacts on
the air quality. The process stack (attached to the Coal fired boiler in the Co-
generation Captive Power Plant) will be provided with Electrostatic
Precipitators to reduce the Particulate Matter emission to a minimum. There
will be no other major source from the process related to air pollution. Also
the proposed project will not have much effect on the air quality as sufficient
height has been provided so as not to increase the ground level concentration
considerably.
Fly Ash Handling System will be connected to an efficient bag filter system for
control of particulate emission. Coal Crushing Unit shall be connected to Air
Pollution Control system. The Air Pollution Control system is detailed in
Chapter 2 of this EIA report. Hence, no major adverse impact is predicted.
5.1.2 Assessment of Impacts on Air Quality Using Dispersion Model
Assessment of impacts on air quality is done either manually by using
Gaussian Dispersion Formula or by computer based dispersion models. In
the present study, Industrial Source Complex, ISC – Aermod View, dispersion
model of Lakes Environmental Software has been used to find out the
maximum ground level concentration of pollutant.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-4 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
The input values for ISCST3 model are shown below:
From the output of the said dispersion model, the highest / maximum ground
level concentration has been worked out, which will indicate the incremental
value in that pollutant.
Table 3.6 of Chapter 3 shows the baseline status of the ambient air quality in
the study area. 98th percentile value when overlapped with the incremental
value gives the status of ambient air after the proposed project. The following
table shows the present status and status of pollutants after the operation of
the proposed project in terms of 98th percentile value in µg/m3.
The Isopleths of each of the pollutant is given below:
Stack Attached
To
Height from GL, (m)
Internal Diameter,
(m)
Type of Pollutant
Pollutant Release
Rate, (g/sec)
Exit Gas Velocity, (m/sec)
Exit Gas
Temp, (oK )
Boiler
70.0 1.80
SPM 2.60 423 SO2 0.055 15
NOx 0.02
No. Parameter Maximum Baseline
Status (98 %), µg/m3
Incremental Value, µg/m3
(x, y Co-ordinates)
After Proposed Project, µg/m3
Permissible Limits, µg/m3
1 PM2.5 57.92 -- -- 60.00
2 PM10 83.52 0.23 (SPM) (-2000.00, -1000.00)
83.75 100.00
3 SO2 28.52 0.005 (-2000.00, -1000.00)
28.525 80.00
4 NOx 26.26 0.002 (-2000.00, -1000.00)
26.262 80.00
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-5 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Figure 5.1 Isopleths of PM
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-6 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Figure 5.2 Isopleths of SO2
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-7 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Figure 5.3 Isopleths of NOx
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-8 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Base line study indicates that the ambient levels of various pollutants like
PM10, SO2, NOx, etc. are within the limits stipulated by National Ambient Air
Quality (NAAQ) Standards for notified Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other
Areas. As mentioned, the company shall regularly monitor the ambient air
quality within and outside the factory, so as to take care of the air
environment. This will help in assessing the performance to the Air Pollution
Control Systems. Moreover, the height of the stack will be so chosen that the
pollutants emitted from the stacks will be effectively dispersed into the
atmosphere. As a result, there will not be any major contribution to the
addition of any of the pollutant mentioned above.
The Fly Ash that will be generated (36 TPD) from the proposed Co-generation
Captive Power Plant is proposed to be utilised 100 %, the break – up of which
is given as below :
1) Sold to Fly Ash Manufacturers : 16 TPD
2) Sold to Asbestos Sheet Manufacturers : 6 TPD
3) Used For Road Construction projects : 14 TPD
From the above, it can be concluded that even after the operation of the
proposed project, the Ambient Air Quality does not exceed NAAQ Standards.
5.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Construction activities are not expected to have any adverse impact on the
quality or quantity of water as only the local workers shall be engaged for the
construction activities. The existing facilities shall be used by the workers
there by reducing the chances of sewage waste. The water consumed is
sourced from the GIDC supply.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-9 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
5.2.1 Water Consumption
a) DOMESTIC
The total domestic water requirement after the proposed project will be about
50 m3 / day. Local workers shall be engaged for the construction activities for
set up of the plant. As a result, there will not be any increase in domestic
water requirement during the construction phase. Thus, it is not expected to
have any impact on an existing domestic water quantity requirement.
b) INDUSTRIAL
The net total water requirement for the proposed project will be about 1868 m3
/ day. There shall be marginal increase in the water requirement due to the
construction activities of the project. The water requirement shall be met
through Darotha River of Daman Ganga Canal.
5.2.2 Waste Water Generation
a) DOMESTIC
The total domestic waste water generation due to the proposed project will be
about 10 m3 / day. During construction, local workers shall be employed and
hence would not contribute to the waste water generation.
The domestic effluent will be treated and disposed off in scientifically designed
septic tank / soak pit system.
b) INDUSTRIAL
The total industrial effluent generation after the proposed project will be about
868 m3 / day. The effluent generation from various stages due to the operation
of the proposed project has been elaborated in Chapter 2.
The effluent generated from the proposed project shall be treated scientifically
in the effluent treatment plant and recycled back into the process as detailed in
Chapter 2 of this EIA report. However, there are all possibilities for an over all
reduction in effluent generation due to waste minimization, modernization &
cleaner production technology that may be adopted by the company.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-10 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
The characteristics of the untreated effluent and treated effluent are
represented earlier in Chapter 2. It may be noted that Company shall treat
effluent generated in a full-fledged Effluent Treatment Plant within the complex
comprising of Primary, Secondary and proposed Tertiary Treatment facilities.
Thus, it can be concluded that there will not be any adverse and negative
impact on the surrounding environment due to the discharge of treated
wastewater from the proposed project.
5.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Construction activities normally result in temporary and short duration increase
in noise levels. The main sources of noise during construction period include
movement of vehicles for loading and unloading of construction materials,
fabrication, handling of equipment and materials, operation of power shovels,
concrete mixing plants, generators etc. The areas affected are those close to
the site.
It is a known fact that there is a reduction in noise level as the sound wave
passes through a barrier. The transmission loss values for common
construction materials are given below:
Material Thickness of Construction Material, Inches
Decrease in Noise Levels, dB(A)
Light Concrete 4 38 6 39
Dense Concrete 4 40
Concrete Block 4 32 6 36
Brick 4 33 Granite 4 40
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-11 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Thus, the walls of the adjoining buildings along with other factors like air
absorption, tree cover, etc. would result in significant attenuation of atleast 20
- 25 dB(A) at 100 m distance. The resultant noise levels on proposed project
site at 50 m distance at peak level of construction are anticipated to be about
55 – 60 dB(A), which is well within the limit for commercial area during the day
time.
Further to minimize these potential impacts, major construction activities
would be scheduled during normal daylight working hours and would be
implemented consistent with the applicable standards. The construction
contractor will use equipments that are adapted to operate with appropriate
noise muffling devices resulting in the least possible noise. Every effort would
be taken to minimize the noise levels including the mandatory use of
construction equipment with operable mufflers.
During operation, the Boiler, central air conditioning plant and the DG set (only
during emergency) will be the point sources of noise pollution in the complex.
The DG set room, compressor and pumps room will be isolated from the
outside environment and proper acoustic arrangements will be made to control
the noise generated from the rooms. The noise levels outside the room will be
maintained within the stipulated norms both during the day and night time.
The effect of high noise levels on the operating personnel in the DG,
compressor and pump rooms will also be considered and appropriate
mitigation measures would be adopted. The continuous exposure to high
noise levels above 90 dB (A) affects the hearing capacity of the workers /
operators and hence would be avoided.
The occasional noise will be attenuated by the development of Green Belt
around the industrial complex, and ear-protecting devices will be provided for
personnel working in high noise generating zones.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-12 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Thus, it can be concluded that there will not be any adverse and negative
impact on the surrounding environment due to noise.
5.4 SOIL ENVIRONMENT
The site clearing and preparation activities will involve removal of only scanty
vegetation existing on the proposed plant site. The project site is primarily
dominated by undergrowth and unwanted bushes. As the topography in and
around the site is mostly plain with no slope, the digging of the site before the
start of the construction work for the foundation work would not result any
significant effect on soil erosion and silt run off, even during the heavy rains.
The project requires extensive work on the excavation and removal of soil and
hence will temporarily affect soil structure and stability localized. The project
proponent will adopt good construction practices that will ensure the
environmental impacts of waste generated on-site during construction will be
minimized.
Construction Wastes
The generation of waste material is inevitable during the construction phase.
Waste is generated at different stages of construction process. During
construction activity, waste generated is in the form of excess cement mix or
concrete left over, rejection caused due to change in design or wrong
workmanship etc. Estimated waste generation during construction is 40 to 60
kg / m2. Concrete appears in two forms in the waste: Structural elements of
building having reinforced concrete and foundations having mass non-
reinforced concrete.
Excavation of earth and rock generates muck. Other wastes include top soil,
clay, sand and gravel. These are normally re-used as filler at the same site
after completion of excavation work. Other miscellaneous materials that arise
as waste include glass, plastic material, general refuse, scrap metal,
cardboard, plastics, etc. Construction waste is bulky and heavy and is mostly
unsuitable for disposal by incineration or composting. Unutilized or unused
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-13 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
solid wastes generated during construction will be disposed off to a
designated landfill site.
Since the proposed project is located in the vicinity of the notified industrial
GIDC area of Sarigam, it will not have any adverse effect on the soil
environment.
5.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
There are no Forest, National Park and Protected Sanctuaries within the study
area, no impact is anticipated on the same.
Inspite of there being no impact, all efforts will continue not only to maintain
the ecological balance of the surroundings but also improve upon the same.
The attributes that are identified to describe ecology are animals, birds, fish,
field crops, threatened species, natural vegetation etc. The area does not
have any identified endangered species, Forest, National Park, Sanctuaries
and hence there is no question of impact on the same.
Emphasis will be placed on social forestry programme wherein tree plantation
would be undertaken within the premises. The tree plantation under this
programme would help in absorbing atmospheric heat, noise as well as
pollutants.
Hence, all efforts will be put-up by the project proponent to maintain the
ecological balance and improve the environment in terms of ecology and
Green Belt development.
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-14 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
5.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Since the surrounding study area is an undeveloped area, the overall socio-
economic status of the local population is below average. People are mostly
engaged in farming activities and which ultimately depends on the vagaries of
nature. The project shall generate employment opportunities, though
temporary, during construction or erection stage.
In terms of the major socio-economic impacts, the project will provide more
direct and indirect job opportunities and better economic standards to the
project affected people and others, through improved infrastructural,
community facilities, etc.
The proposed project of M/s. NRAIL is in a well-established industrial notified
estate. Thus, the said project will not have any major significant impact on
socio-economic pattern of the surrounding region.
5.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT AND AESTHETICS
The required plant & machinery for the full production capacity will be installed
within the earmarked premises. No new and extra land will be acquired other
than the proposed demarcated land for the installed capacity of the project.
Thus, no adverse impact is likely to be generated by the proposed project.
Construction phase is for small period during erection and installation of
machineries and therefore there is no question of impacts on land use pattern.
During operational phase, there will not be any effect on the surrounding soil.
The only emission of gas during operation would be from the coal fired Boiler
of the Co-generation Captive Power Plant, which has been taken care up
providing suitable height to stack and suitable highly efficient pollution control
equipment like Electrostatic Precipitator. Also, the low sulphur content
imported coal will be used as fuel. Fly Ash Handling System will be
connected to an efficient bag filter system for control of emission. Coal
crushing unit shall be connected to air pollution control system. Fly Ash shall
REIA Study & Report for 15 MW Coal Based Co-generation Captive Power Plant
Project Proponent: N. R. Agarwal Industries Ltd. (Unit-V) C5-15 Consultant: Anand Consultants (ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
be sold to brick manufacturers. There will be pneumatic conveying system for
fly ash with silos for storage and unloading of same in trucks.
Hence there will be practically no effect on the Air / Land / Soil.
The effluent will be suitably treated and recycled back into the process
resulting in Zero Discharge of the effluent.
All the solid / hazardous waste generated are packed in HDPE bags having 25
/ 50 kg capacity and stored in solid waste storage facility having impervious
layer and leachate collection system. Solid / hazardous waste (ETP waste /
MEE & de-inking sludge) shall be disposed into approved TSDF site of M/s.
Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd. (VWEMCL) at GIDC
Vapi; non recyclable plastic waste shall be sent to TSDF of M/s. SEPL, Kutch.
Fly Ash generated shall be sold to brick manufacturers, asbestos sheet
manufacturers as well as for road construction projects. The Company will
dispose off their ETP sludge and other solid wastes in the above stated landfill
site in Polyethylene bags and through approved transporters.
5.8 CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
The workers working in the industry are of different culture and religion. The
interaction and intermingling of all these people will improve the understanding
of various cultures. This will definitely improve strengthen friendliness,
brotherhood and unity among them.