female reproduction & birth control. outline: female reproductive oogenesis x-inactivation...
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Outline: Female Reproductive Oogenesis
X-Inactivation
Anatomy: names of major organs and structures
Physiology: function of major organs and structures Menstrual cycle Pre-menstrual syndrome Menopause Hormone Replacement Therapy
Female Birth Control At home pregnancy tests
Overview of Menustrual Cycle
Pituitary Hormones
Ovarian cycle
Ovarian hormone
Uterine lining
Body temp.
Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) Characterized by mood changes, and irritability depression some
women experience just prior to menstruation.
Possible links to: Hormonal changes at menstruation Changes in certain brain neurotransmitters Low levels of certain vitamins
Oral Contraceptives Oral contraceptives:
are bases on the fact that estrogen and progesterone can inhibit GnRH.
Types of oral contraceptives Combination Pill:
synthetic progestins and estrogens Inhibit ovulation
The Mini-pill: contains only progesterone-like substances Thins endometrium Thickens cervical mucus May inhibit ovulation
Disadvantages:Oral Contraceptives Controversy:
associated with BRCA
Does NOT protect against STD’s
mammogram
Norplant and Depo-Provera
Norplant:
implanted beneath the skin lasts 5 year, progesterone-like steroids Inhibits ovulation Thins wall of endometrium Thickens cervical mucus
Intramuscular injection
of progesterone like substance every 3 months
Disadvantages of Norplant and Depro-
Provera Norplant:
leads also to prolonged menstruation, headaches and mood changes
Depo-Porvera:
Menstrual irregularities, possibly increased risk of osteoporesis and BRCA
Prevents ovulation, fertilization or implantation
Plan B: contains high dose of progestin
Prevents sperm from reaching the oocyte
Prevents implantation
Prevents ovulation (if estrogen is part of the treatment)
Given within 72 h of vaginal intercourse
Second dose 12 h later
Emergency Contraceptive: Morning After Pill or Plan B
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Levonorgestrel
RU 486 + Prostaglandin
RU 486 Has antiprogesterone activity
RU 486 is followed by prostaglandin derivative
Endometrium erodes and contraction of myometrium
Used to up to 7th week of pregnancy
Approved by FDA in 2000
Mifepristone + Misoprostol
Mifeprex
Vaginal Sponge
May be inserted as much as 24 hrs before intercourse
May irritate vaginal lining
May fragment