FEM4105

PSIKOLOGI PERSONALITI DAN DINAMIK MANUSIA

SYNOPSIS• This course encompasses the study of

personality theories, personality assessment tools, and analysis of relationship between personality and human dynamics. Emphasis is also given to analyses of various approaches in personality studies

AGIHAN PENILAIAN KURSUS

• Ujian 1 : 25%

• Kuiz : 5%

• Tugasan/Pembentangan : 30%

• Peperiksaan Akhir : 40%

• ____

• JUMLAH MARKAH : 100%

1. Pengenalan

2.Pendekatan Mengkaji Personaliti

3.Teori Personaliti

4.Psikologi Personaliti & Dinamika Manusia

5.Pembentukan Identiti

6. Identiti gender

7.Anxieti

8.Kelangsangan dan keganasan

9.Jenis-jenis ujian dan penilaian personaliti

10. Personaliti dan Dinamika Manusia

4

TAJUK KANDUNGAN KURSUS

TOPIC 1INTRODUCTIO

N

What do we mean when we say:

“She has a wonderful personality”“ He has no personality”

“He seems to have a personality conflict”

“It’s just her personality”“ She has her mother personality”

How Do You Describe This Celebrities?

How Do You Define a ‘Good’ Personality?

What is personality?• Personality” comes from Latin word persona.• Persona means ‘mask’.• The study of personality can be understood

as the study of ‘mask’ that people wear.• Personality are the personas that people

project and display.• Personality also includes the inner parts of

psychological experiences which we collectively call our “self” (I)

Definitions of Personality• The entire organization of a human being at any stage

of development.• The integrations of those systems or habits that

represent an individual’s characteristic adjustments to the environment.

• The way in which a person does such things as remembering, thinking or loving.

• The various enduring and distinctive patterns of behavior and thought that are characteristics of a particular person.

• Patterns of behavior, thoughts and emotions unique to an individual, & the way they interact to help or hinder the adjustment of a person to other people and situation.

(Con’t) Definitions of Personality• Personality is not an existing substantive entity to be

searched for but a complex construct to be developed and defined by the observer [Smith & Vetter, 1982]

• Personality usually refers to the distinctive patterns of behavior (including thoughts & emotions) that characterize each individual’s adaptation to the situations of his or her life [Mischel, 1976]

A Working Definition • Personality is a dynamic organization, inside the

person, of psychophysical systems that create a person’s characteristic pattern of behavior, thoughts and feelings. [Carver & Scheier, 2000]

Important points of the definition by Carver & Scheier

•Dynamic Organization- Suggest on going readjustments, adaptation to experience, continual upgrading and maintaining of self. Personality doesn’t just lie there it has process and it’s organized.

•Inside the person- Suggests internal storage of patterns, supporting the notion that personality influences behaviors, etc.

•Psychophysical System- The physical is “who we are”

•Characteristics Patterns- Implies that consistency/ continuity which are unique to each individual.

•Behavior, Thoughts & Feelings - Indicate that personality includes a wide range of psychological experience/ manifestation, ie. Personality is displayed MANY ways.

Thus Personality is….

• Describing someone’s personality is trying to capture the person’s essence

• WHY people do what they do.

• The style that brings a unique and personal touch of their actions

Basic Concept

• Consistency or Continuity– Across time– Across situation

• Internal Casuality– What ever a person is doing (or thinking

or feelings) originates from within.– Causal force within the person

influence his/her action

Personality as predictor

• Predicting behavior is important to psychologist

• The more central the quality is, the more useful it is for predicting behavior.

Personality - key to understand people

WHAT IS PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY?

2 Fundamental Issues in Personality

• Individual Differences– Everyone differs from others– Why?– How?

• Intra-personal functioning– A set of processes taking place within the

person– Dynamic organization (Allport, 1969)– Personality functioning – mechanism/process

inside us leads to certain action.

Theories of Personality(will be discuss in detail under

topic three)• Biological• Psychoanalytic • Social Psychoanalytic

(NeoPsychoanalytic)• Trait• Cognitive• Social-Learning • Humanistic

Studies on Personality• Complex

– Deal with human thoughts, feelings & behavior– Human being are not always predictable and

reliable.– We interact with the environment influence us

• How we behave• How we think• How we feel

• Domino Effect– Change one thing can change everything

else.• Therefore, research in personality is very

important.

Uses of Personality Research• Study the development and external

factors and the role of personality play on individuals thoughts, attitude and behavior

• Study people with specific psychological disorders, symptoms or characteristics.

• Develop personality test to measure specific psychological phenomenon

• Develop treatment approaches to improve personality

Four Fundamental Concern In Studying Personality

• A theory of Personality• An Approach to the assessment (or

measurement) of personality.• Research Procedures for testing hypothesis

(or implications derived from theory)• Application derived from the theory

including methods of personality change (i.e. psychotherapy)

What Is Human Dynamic?

• The term Human Dynamics, refers to the concept of human functioning.

• Main focus on the active social interactions & communications between people that might leave an impact on people’s behavior & personality development.

What Is Human Dynamic?• Interaction & dynamic interplay between elements in a

person’s cognitive, emotions & physical domain– cognitive domain related to the mental processes (thinking

values, structure, focus, objectivity, perspective), – emotional domain is more subjective and concerned with

relationships (such as feelings, communication, organization, and synthesis)

– physical domain is more pragmatic (related to with the action process, doing and operationalizing things).

Human Dynamic• The human dynamics process are able to

determine the personality dynamics, and by knowing a person’s personality dynamics means, understanding about his or her personality.

• Each personality dynamic constitutes a whole way of functioning and they differ distinctly from others in the way they process information, learn, communicate, solve problems

Personality Assessment• Personality assessment is actually,

assessing and measuring a persons’ personality.

• Studies on behavior or individual personality can be done either through a qualitative methods or quantitative methods.

• All theories assume that individual differences exist and can be accurately measured.

Personality Assessment• Examples of personality assessment techniques :

– self-report inventories, – projective techniques, – clinical interviews – behavioral assessment.

• The types of tests or assessment methods used will greatly depend on the objectives and theoretical perspectives held.– psychoanalytic researchers prefer to use projective

technique, – Person-Centered theories subjective or in-depth

interview– Behaviorist and social learning theorists objective or

behavioral method