fehrenbach fuels for the future 24 1 2017

Horst Fehrenbach

14. Fachkongress für erneuerbare Mobilität Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 2017 23.-24.01.2017 im CityCube Berlin

GHG emission factors for renewable energy in

the transport sector and reduction potential: Biodiesel, Bioethanol, Biomethane, Elektromobility, Power-to-X

Horst Fehrenbach 2 24.1.2017

Overview

1. Why emission factors?

2. Basics regarding calculation and data bases

3. How to derive emission factors

4. Emission factors for • Biofuels

• Power-to-X

• E-Mobility.

5. conclusion


Why emission factors?

• GHG reduction obligation accoring to the RED (2009/28/EG) und FQD (2009/30/EG) für Biokraftstoffe “Recast”: COM(2016) 767 concerning economic operators

• Basis for the compilation of GHG balances e.g. for natioanle emission reporting

• Kyoto Protocol (National Inventory Report)

• Report according to RL 2009/28/EGC article 22 ( deleted by Recat)

• Basis for GHG balances or carbon footprints for companies/producers Goal: Optimizing processes and systems.


Life Cycle Assessments, Well-to Wheel-Studies, GHG balances for biofuels have been produced since more than 20 years.

Actually there are lots of data bases

Basics regarding calculation and data bases


Basics regarding calculation and data bases

● The one and only emission factor for biofuel etc.

● Ranges result from „natural“ diversity and complexity of settings, circumstances and presumptions, e.g.

– Particularly conservativity of default values – Different methodical approaches – Different background data – Temporal and spatial conditions.

● Efforts to gain harmonization (e.g. BioGrace for conventional biofuels)


How to derive emission factors

System boundary (e.g. conventional biofuel):

Nutzungsphase/use phase:

Vorkette/upstream:

direkte

Emissionen

Industrielle

Emissionen

in anderen

Sektoren

Feldemissionen

Herstellung der Anlagen/Infrastruktur

Nutzungs-

emissionen

Agrarrohstoff

Verarbeitung

Nutzung

Vorprodukte

Energie

Energie

Chemikalien

Transport

Transport Kraftstoff

Kraftstoff


How to derive emission factors

System boundary according to the RED:

Nutzungsphase:

Vorkette/upstream:

direkte

Emissionen

Industrielle

Emissionen

in anderen

Sektoren

Herstellung der Anlagen/Infrastruktur

für biogene und

EE-Kraftstoff = 0

Agrarrohstoff

Verarbeitung

Nutzung

Vorprodukte

Energie

Energie

Chemikalien

Transport

Transport Kraftstoff

Kraftstoff

Feldemissionen


Emission factors

Quelle: ifeu BioEm-Bericht

Overview

● conventional biofuels (from crops, „First Generation“)

● Advanced biofuels („2nd Gen“ etc.)

● Electricity-based fuels (Power-to-X, „renewable fuels from non-biogenic origin“)

● E-Mobility


Emission factors


„conventional“ biofuels

50% reduction vs. comparator 94 g CO2e/MJ


Emission factors „conventional“ biofuels


44,0

31,0

28,1

45,5

42,0

40,8

16,0

38,4

9,4

30,0

13,5

typ. Werte RED recast

BLE 2016

Keine CH4 red.



Emission factors „advanced“ biofuels


typ. values RED recast

13,7

13,5

13,5

20,0

13,7

20,7



Bilanzraum bei Kopplung (z.B. über CCR) nicht trivial abzugrenzen

Emission factors PtX

Quelle: ifeu


Some examples


fuel System g CO2e/MJ source methanol Electricity mix EU average,

airborne-CO2 306 ifeu

Hydrogen Wind power, airborne-CO2 10,3 ifeu Wind power CO2 from furnace gas

66,5 ifeu

Electricity mix EU average 222 ifeu

Wind power 7,4 ifeu renewable electricity 9,1 RL(EU) 2015/652

methane (SNG) Sabatier process, renewable electricity

3,3 RL(EU) 2015/652




Defaults: RL(EU) 2015/652



Emission factors E-mobility

Quelle: ifeu UMBReLa, UBA Emissionsbilanz Erneuerbarer Energieträger

Assumption for direct comparison with fuels: Example Golf: consuming 6 litres Diesel/Petrol per 100 km corresponds to 53 kWh Comparable electric vehicle consumes 9 til 25 kWh/100 km 1 MJ fuel corresponds to 2.1 til 5.9 MJ electricity for traction. Presuming for renewable electricity an emission factor of 30 g CO2-e./kWh 1.4 til 4.0 g CO2-e. converted in way it refers to „1 MJ fuel“


Emission factors E-mobility




Overview reduction potentials


Resumee

• The disclosed renewable fuel and traction types show advantages in general for PtX and E-mobility according to reduction potentials,

• The implementation of the reduction potentials of PtX needs clear framing:

• Availability of sufficient renewable power • Air-borne CO2 because adsorption from flue gases leads to allocation between fuel

and previous process

• E-Mobility needs increased extention of renewable power

• Biofuels show likwise potentials for optimizing, but they don’t catch up with PtX and E-mobility

However

Wilckensstraße 3 69120 Heidelberg Telefon +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 0 Telefax +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 19 www.ifeu.de Wilckensstraße 3 69120 Heidelberg Telefon +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 0 Telefax +49 (0)6 221. 47 67 - 19 www.ifeu.de

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fehrenbach fuels for the future 24 1 2017

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