Family Life

Purposes of Dating Socialization:

– To develop appropriate social skills– To practice getting along with others in different

settings

Recreation:– To have fun and enjoy the companionship of others– To try new and different activities

Mate Selection:– To see others in many different settings– To compare the personality and characteristics of

many people

Before Marriage

Similar culture and religion Common interests Similar goals Support for yourselves Where will you live Similar attitudes about children Get along with others families

Marriage

#1 Problem in a marriage – Money 4 Most important qualities in a marriage –

– Love– Trust– Respect– Communication (*the most important one)

Why Teens Marry

Leave home life Sex Gain social status Raise family Think they are in love Deepen commitment Independence

Why Teen Marriages Fail

Not emotionally mature Difficult to live alone Greater financial burden

Ending a Marriage

Separation – when spouses agree to live apart while they work out their differences

Divorce – legal ending to a marriage Annulment – church says the wedding never

occurred

Things To ConsiderBefore Having Children

Financial status Career plans Education Health / medical condition Available free time

Problems Associated WithTeen Pregnancy

Increased health risk for mother and baby Low birth weight Increase in child abuse Drop out of school

Family Structures

Nuclear – mom, dad and children–Adoption – legal process by which

children become part of the family Extended – other family members Blended – step-parents, step-siblings, half-

siblings

Single Parent – either mom or dad plus children

Foster – receive parental care without being related

Orphanage – place where unwanted children live together

Ward-of-state – placed under custody of the courts

Family Responsibilities

Food, clothing, shelter Care for when sick Discipline Education

Pregnancy Signs and Symptoms Delay/Difference in Menstruation:

– A delayed or missed menstruation is the most common pregnancy symptom leading a woman to test for pregnancy. When you become pregnant, your next period should be missed. Many women can bleed while they are pregnant, but typically the bleeding will be shorter or lighter than a normal period.

Swollen/Tender Breasts:– Swollen or tender breasts is a pregnancy symptom

which may begin as early as 1-2 weeks after conception. Women may notice changes in their breasts; they may be tender to the touch, sore, or swollen.

Backaches:– Lower backaches may be a symptom that occurs

early in pregnancy; however, it is common to experience a dull backache throughout an entire

pregnancy. Headaches:

– The sudden rise of hormones in your body can cause

you to have headaches early in pregnancy.

Frequent Urination:– Around 6-8 weeks after conception, you may

find yourself making a few extra trips to the bathroom.

Food Cravings:– While you may not have a strong desire to eat

pickles and ice cream, many women will feel cravings for certain foods when they are pregnant. This can last throughout your entire pregnancy.

Fatigue/Tiredness:– Feeling fatigued or more tired is a pregnancy

symptom which can also start as early as the first week after conception.

Nausea/Morning Sickness:– This well-known pregnancy symptom will often

show up between 2-8 weeks after conception. Some women are fortunate to not deal with morning sickness at all, while others will feel nauseous throughout most of their pregnancy.

Prenatal Care

Medical care during pregnancy Tests that may be done:

– Ultrasound – provides a “picture” of the developing fetus using sound waves

– Chorionic Villus Sampling – removes a small piece of the developing placenta to test for birth defects

– Amniocentesis – removes a small amount of amniotic fluid to test for birth defects

Trimesters – First Trimester First Month:

– Called an embryo– Heart beat at 25

days Second Month:

– Becomes a fetus– Has arms and legs– Stomach, liver,

brain forming Third Month:

– Weigh 1 ounce and be 3 inches in length

– Facial features forming

Second Trimester Fourth Month:

– 6 ounces, 8-10 inches– May begin to feel

movement

Fifth Month:– 1 lb, 12 inches long– Hear the heartbeat– Feel movement– Baby responds to sound

Sixth Month:– 1 ½ lbs, 14 inches long– Sucking his/her thumb– Can cry– Can determine gender

Third Trimester Seventh Month:

– 2 ½ lbs, 15 inches– Kicking and stretching– May see movement

Eighth Month:– 4 lbs, 16 inches– Moves to head down

position

Ninth Month:– 6 lbs, 19 inches– Gain ½ pound per week– Baby should be born

around 40 weeks

Heredity

Chromosome – carries information about the characteristics you inherit

DNA – chemical substance found in chromosomes

Gene – section of a chromosome that determines a trait (May be dominant or recessive)

Recessive Genetic Disorders

Sickle-Cell Disease – disorder of the red blood cells

Tay-Sachs Disease – lack of an important chemical in the brain

PKU – metabolic disorder that causes mental retardation

Cystic Fibrosis – thick mucous lines the lungs

Sex-Linked Disorders

Color Blindness Muscular Dystrophy Hemophilia – blood does not clot properly

Chromosome Disorders

Down Syndrome – result of an extra chromosome 21

Tri-some 13 – result of an extra chromosome 13

Effects of Alcohol on Pregnancy Fetal Alcohol

Syndrome– a condition in which

a fetus has been adversely affected mentally and physically by its mother’s alcohol use during pregnancy.

Leading cause of preventable birth defects in the US

Effects on the child:– Low birth weight– Impaired speech– Slow growth– Facial

abnormalities– Mental retardation– Poor attention span– Hyperactivity

Effects of Drugs on Pregnancy About 2 to 3% of all birth defects result from the use of

drugs other than alcohol. They can act directly on the fetus, causing damage,

abnormal development (leading to birth defects), or death.

They can alter the function of the placenta, usually by causing blood vessels to narrow (constrict) and thus reducing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus from the mother. Sometimes the result is a baby that is underweight and underdeveloped.

They can cause the muscles of the uterus to contract forcefully, indirectly injuring the fetus by reducing its blood supply or triggering preterm labor and delivery.

Effects of Tobacco on Pregnancy

Parents who smoke contribute to the deaths of over 6,000 children each year

Effects on fetus:– Small fetal growth– Increased chance of spontaneous abortion– Prenatal death– Increased stillbirths– Birth defects of the heart, brain and face– Growth and developmental problems in childhood

Labor

The act of pushing the baby through the birth canal using contractions of the uterus.

Stages:– Stage 1: Cervix dilates, amniotic sac breaks,

cervix becomes softer– Stage 2: Delivery of the baby– Stage 3: Delivery of the afterbirth including the

placenta

Birthing Options

Natural Childbirth– Lamaze

Childbirth education classes focusing on breathing and relaxation techniques

– Bradley Classes focus on how to handle pain and work with

your body– Water Birth– HypnoBirthing

Uses guided imagery and special breathing to form a sort of self-hypnosis

Surgical Procedures– Cesarean Section

This surgical procedure allows your baby to be born through a small incision made just above the pubic bone.